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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXVI - Number 7/2008 - JULY 2008

Porti

Il nuovo dragaggio del porto di Amburgo implica buone prospettive per le principali linee di navigazione tedesche

Amburgo è uno dei principali porti containerizzati dell'Europa settentrionale e nel corso dell'ultimo decennio ha goduto di uno dei più sostenuti tassi di crescita rispetto a qualsiasi altro porto della regione.

Dal 2000, i suoi traffici di box sono aumentati di oltre il 135% da 4,2 milioni di TEU a 9,9 milioni di TEU nel 2007.

Inoltre, gli amministratori del Porto di Amburgo sembrano estremamente fiduciosi circa le prospettive di quest'anno, dato che il dr. Jurgen Sorgenfrei, presidente della divisione marketing del Porto di Amburgo, prevede una crescita fra l'8 ed il 10 per cento.

Amburgo dispone di una delle più estese reti lineari fra i porti del Nord Europa; la divisione marketing del porto afferma che vengono servite regolarmente oltre 1.000 destinazioni in 190 paesi.

Il più grande porto della Germania movimenta altresì le più grandi navi portacontainer che viaggiano regolarmente nei traffici marittimi di linea europei: sono infatti visitatrici regolari dello scalo le unità della classe E della Maersk Line da 11.000 TEU, le mega-navi da 9.200 TEU della CMA CGM e le navi del tipo da 8.500 TEU della Hyundai Merchant Marine.

Tuttavia, in molti casi queste navi non possono essere caricate completamente quando fanno scalo al porto, anche quando sono in arrivo dall'Estremo Oriente con carichi più leggeri a bordo.

In uscita verso l'Estremo Oriente, Amburgo molto spesso rappresenta il primo porto di scalo per il carico.

Sotto molti aspetti, quest'ultimo non costituisce in realtà un serio problema, dato che Amburgo è il più occidentale dei porti regolarmente serviti dai vettori impegnati su questa rotta.

Si può inoltre sostenere che i carichi spediti di ritorno in Estremo Oriente sono meno sensibili dal punto di vista dei tempi di viaggio, sebbene la Germania esporti poi merci di elevato valore, quali congegni per macchinari, equipaggiamento di precisione e parti di automobili nella regione dell'Estremo Oriente.

Quanto ai movimenti in entrata, peraltro, vi sono molti argomenti che potrebbero giocare a favore di Amburgo quale primo porto di scalo.

In primo luogo, un notevole volume di merci dall'Estremo Oriente, segnatamente la Cina, è destinato in Germania.

Secondo, i mercati dell'Europa orientale e centrale, stati baltici compresi, sono stati fra quelli dalla crescita più rapida nella regione nel corso degli ultimi due anni e sono serviti principalmente attraverso la porta di accesso di Amburgo.

Terzo, i vettori marittimi sono sempre alla ricerca del modo di differenziare i propri servizi rispetto a quelli della concorrenza.

Un porto di Amburgo più profondo, che potesse offrire ai vettori marittimi la possibilità di conseguire lo status di primo scalo dall'Estremo Oriente, accrescerebbe il numero delle opzioni di servizio disponibili.

Anche se non è sicuro che tutti i vettori vogliano fare tale scelta una volta completato il programma di dragaggio, le operazioni stanno diventando di giorno in giorno sempre più ardue, dal momento che un numero sempre maggiore di navi deve aspettare le finestre di marea più appropriate per entrare ed uscire dal porto.

Di conseguenza, ci sono volte in cui l'efficienza dell'intero porto viene compromessa.

Poter disporre di un metro di profondità in più contribuirebbe ad eliminare i problemi, aumentando di converso la produttività in tutto l'intero complesso portuale.

L'accordo recentemente sottoscritto dal governo dello stato di Amburgo - una coalizione fra i Cristiano-Democratici ed il Partito dei Verdi - comporterà il dragaggio di 1 metro del fiume Elba, di modo che le navi che pescano 13,5 metri saranno in grado di transitare a prescindere dalle condizioni della marea.

Ciò significherà che, con alta marea, le navi dotate di pescaggio di 14,5 metri saranno in grado di salpare da e per i terminal, dal momento che tale profondità è quasi quella sufficiente per movimentare tutte le portacontenitori attualmente in servizio e sotto ordinazione.

Presso il governo municipale è in corso di costituzione una nuova fondazione che dovrà occuparsi di tutti gli aspetti ambientali ed ecologici inerenti al fiume Elba.

Essa verrà finanziata con fondi consistenti in 40 milioni di euro per i primi dieci anni di attività; parte del denaro proverrà da un nuovo sistema di gestione degli oneri portuali.

Anche se il nuovo sistema di imposizione degli oneri sembra essere ancora in fase di revisione, si è capito che gli oneri portuali verranno incrementati per contribuire a pagare il programma di dragaggio del canale e che i principali suoi beneficiari - gli operatori di navi superiori agli 8.000 TEU - pagheranno proporzionalmente di più in relazione al progetto.

Vale a dire, attualmente, tutti i principali operatori di linea al servizio di Amburgo.

Infatti, 20 delle 25 maggiori compagnie di navigazione di linea che servono il continente hanno istituito uffici in città.

Inoltre, diversi vettori - fra cui la COSCON, la China Shipping Container Lines, la CSAV, la Hanjin Shipping Co e la Yang Ming - hanno accordato a queste strutture lo status di ufficio regionale.

Nel contempo, tre delle quattro maggiori compagnie di navigazione di linea della Germania - Hapag-Lloyd, Hamburg Süd e DAL (Deutsche-Afrika-Linien) - hanno sede ad Amburgo, oltre a diversi operatori regionali o di raccordo a corto raggio.

Tutti questi operatori vorrebbero acque più profonde nel fiume Elba, quale strumento sia per aumentare i propri servizi nel porto di Amburgo, sia per migliorare la propria flessibilità operativa nella regione.


LE DUE PRINCIPALI COMPAGNIE DI NAVIGAZIONE DI LINEA DI AMBURGO

Hapag-Lloyd

2007

2004

Cambiamento
%

Classifica mondiale

5

14


TEU in servizio

487.842

193.465

152,2

Totale flotta navi

141

51

176,5

Nuove costruzioni

10

7

42,9

Nuove costruzioni (in TEU)

87.500

58.300

50,1

TEU trasportati

5.454.000

2.415.000

125,8

Giro d'affari

6.202.000

2.691.000

130,5





Hamburg Süd

2007

2004

Cambiamento
%

Classifica mondiale

16

19

85,7

TEU in servizio

196.632

105.897

85,7

Totale flotta navi

76

54

40,7

Nuove costruzioni

25

4

525

Nuove costruzioni (in TEU)

122.853

22.208

453,2

TEU trasportati

2.140.000

1.386.000

54,4

Giro d'affari

3.600.000

2.550.000

41,2

Fonte: Liner intelligence (www.ci-online.co.uk)


Tradizionalmente, i cosiddetti "accordi tra gentiluomini" fra le compagnie di navigazione di linea del paese attive nel trasporto di carichi generali o di contenitori hanno fatto sì che i propri rispettivi servizi di linea divenissero complementari piuttosto che competere fra loro.

Anche se tale situazione in gran parte non è più attuale, la concorrenza sorprendentemente è mutata ed è limitata a quella esistente fra la Senator Lines con sede a Brema (controllata dalla Hanjin) e la Hapag-Lloyd sui principali traffici est/ovest, nonché quella con la Hamburg Süd fra l'Europa ed il Sudamerica e fra l'Europa e l'Asia meridionale.

I due operatori di maggiori dimensioni, Hapag-Lloyd e Hamburg Süd, hanno entrambi aggiunto significativi quantitativi di capacità in termini di spazi-container nel corso degli ultimi cinque anni, avendo ampliato le proprie flotte sia organicamente che mediante acquisizioni.

Nel caso della prima, la sua mossa più ardita è stata il rilevamento della CP Ships nel 2006.

Ciò ha comportato l'estensione del raggio d'azione della Hapag-Lloyd nei traffici del Nord Atlantico, oltre ad un innalzamento del suo profilo sulle rotte fra l'Europa e la costa orientale del Sudamerica, l'Asia meridionale (India e Pakistan in particolare) e l'Australasia.

Inoltre, l'acquisizione della CP Ships ha ampliato il raggio d'azione globale del vettore tedesco dandole solide posizioni nei traffici fra le coste statunitensi orientale e del Golfo del Messico e la costa orientale del Sudamerica, nonché fra le coste orientale ed occidentale degli USA e l'Australia/Nuova Zelanda.

Al momento dell'acquisizione, tuttavia, era stata l'immissione di circa 180.000 TEU di spazi-container aggiuntivi (70 navi) che la dirigenza della compagnia aveva individuato quale motivazione decisiva per l'acquisto.

Inoltre, la capacità aggiuntiva ha consentito alla Hapag-Lloyd di balzare dal 15° al 5° posto nella classifica delle compagnie di navigazione impegnate nel trasporto di contenitori, dal momento che i volumi e la capacità in più hanno offerto migliori sinergie ed economie di scala.

Anche se la Hapag-Lloyd ha conservato la quinta posizione in classifica, nell'integrazione della CP Ships non tutto è andato liscio come la compagnia avrebbe sperato.

Nel corso del primo anno, ad esempio, il vettore è stato costretto ad assumere iniziative in relazione alle proprie tariffe di nolo su diversi traffici, ma in particolare quello più importante di tutti, il transatlantico - che ha rappresentato poco più del 50% dei proventi della CP Ships - dal momento che diversi caricatori hanno dirottato le proprie attività su compagnie rivali e la quota di mercato è divenuta un problema.

Ciò ha comportato la riduzione dei margini di profitto per il vettore tedesco e, ultimamente, allo scontento degli azionisti.

Di conseguenza, la Hapag-Lloyd stessa si è messa in gioco e gli esperti valutano che il vettore abbia un valore di circa 5 miliardi di euro.

Anche se ci sono state molte voci secondo cui la TUI voleva trovare una "soluzione tedesca" alla vendita forzata, il suo consiglio di amministrazione ha chiarito che "il processo di disinvestimento è strettamente concentrato sul conseguimento del valore più elevato possibile per gli azionisti".

Ci sono state varie congetture su chi potrebbero essere gli acquirenti, sebbene la Neptune Orient Lines con sede a Singapore, che possiede la APL, risulti la maggiore indiziata, date le sue aspirazioni di espansione e le manifeste trattative con la dirigenza della TUI e della Hapag-Lloyd all'inizio di quest'anno.

La Hapag-Lloyd fornirebbe altresì al vettore di Singapore il peso sul mercato di cui era alla disperata ricerca sul transatlantico, oltre che sui traffici da e per il Sudamerica.

Fra le altre compagnie interessate, secondo le voci che sono circolate, vi sarebbe anche la Maersk Line, sebbene la cosa appaia improbabile, dati la verifica cui è stata recentemente sottoposta la sua capacità di conseguire profitti, i problemi inerenti all'integrazione della P&O Nedlloyd ancora irrisolti e l'atteggiamento verosimilmente generoso da parte della Commissione Europea in ordine alle quote di mercato.

Anche se pure la Hanjin con sede a Seoul è stata indicata quale possibile candidata, vi è la sensazione che verrà trovata una soluzione tedesca, con un salvataggio effettuato da uno dei gruppi armatoriali del paese o da uno spedizioniere che disponga di una grossa presenza in Germania, come la Kuehne + Nagel.

Malgrado le ovvie distrazioni, la dirigenza della Hapag-Lloyd è rimasta relativamente concentrata sulle attività.

I profitti del primo trimestre 2008 sono aumentati rispetto al corrispondente periodo del 2007 e la linea di navigazione ha continuato ad integrare con successo nella propria flotta e nei propri servizi altre navi post-panamax della supergenerazione da 8.500 TEU.

Anche la Hamburg Süd ha effettuato investimenti in tonnellaggio post-panamax, sebbene si tratti di unità più piccole da 5.500 TEU.

Inoltre, il registro di ordinazioni post-panamax della Hamburg Süd (sino alla fine del 2010) comprende 14 unità.

Le più grandi si riferiscono a 6 navi da 6.300 TEU sotto contratto con i cantieri Daewoo Mangalia in Romania.

In termini di acquisizioni, la Hamburg Süd ha comprato compagnie di navigazione che hanno rafforzato la sua posizione nei propri principali traffici, segnatamente l'Europa/Costa orientale del Sudamerica, l'Europa/Mediterraneo orientale, l'Estremo Oriente/Australasia ed Estremo Oriente/Nordamerica.

Negli ultimi tre anni, significative acquisizioni hanno riguardato la Fesco controllata dai russi, la Costa Container Lines con sede a Genova e la Ybarra Sud con sede a Madrid.

La compagnia di navigazione ha altresì immesso un sacco di risorse aggiuntive nelle proprie attività Asia/Sudamerica, in seguito al proprio rilevamento della Kien Hung Shipping con sede a Taipei all'inizio degli anni 2000.
(da: Containerisation International, The Port of Hamburg Supplement, giugno 2008, pagg. 12-14)



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Brussels
It provided for joint control of the Barcelona terminal with Hutchison Ports
Work has been completed to activate cold ironing at the Porto Corsini cruise terminal in Ravenna.
Ravenna
Acceleration of the redevelopment process for the former CIVAM area in the port of Vibo Valentia Marina
Vibo Valentia
The area will be transformed into new yards for commercial logistics
Maersk Group sells Maersk Training and Maersk H2S Safety Services
Copenhagen
They will be sold to the US Open Gate Capital, specialized in industrial carve-out operations
In the April-June quarter, the port of Venice handled 6.3 million tons of goods (-1.2%)
Venice
Cruise passengers down by -15.3%
In the second quarter, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna recorded a sharp increase of +10.9%
Ravenna
In the first six months of 2026 the increase was +5.9%
DP World acquires six GXO logistics sites in the UK
Dubai
186,000 square meters and 2,000 employees change hands: this is the transfer imposed by the British Antitrust for the acquisition of Wincanton
DHL soars in the second quarter, but not everywhere
Bonn
Revenue and EBIT in double digits. Express performed well, while Supply Chain and Post & Parcel Germany fared less well.
Global Ship Lease reports record quarterly and half-year revenues
Athens
Rising costs impact profits
DP World to build temperature-controlled logistics hub in the port of Antwerp
Dubai/Kallo
GNV will activate a third maritime service to Algeria on Saturday
Genoa
The Civitavecchia-Annaba line will complement the existing routes from Sète to Algiers and Bejaia.
Danaos Corporation reports quarterly revenue growth of 4.7%.
Athens
The containership segment remains stable. Bulk carriers continue to contribute.
A bulk carrier hit by a shell in the Strait of Hormuz
Southampton/London
One crew member is reportedly missing.
This year, 800,000 cruise passengers are expected in Messina.
Messina
Passengers make a direct expenditure of almost 16 million euros in the city
Container traffic at the Port of New York grew by 1.6% in the second quarter
New York
In the first six months of 2026, 4.43 million TEUs were handled (+0.2%)
HZ Cargo and Railtrans form joint venture for intermodal transport
Zagreb
The aim is to activate a traffic of over 500 thousand tons between the ports of Croatia and the markets of Central Europe.
ICTSI posts record net income of $363 million (+24.2%) in the second quarter
Manila
Another GasLog vessel hit while leaving the Persian Gulf
Piraeus/Southampton
Damage to the engine room
Spinelli Group approves 2025 sustainability report
Genoa
Production value grew by 5%. New hires increased by 48%.
Finnlines reports record quarterly revenues
Helsinki
In the April-June period, net profit was 42.9 million euros (+64.7%)
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
The conference "EU-Mercosur Agreement: The Role of the Maritime Economy" will be held in Genoa on July 1st.
Genoa
It is organized by the Casa America ETS Foundation and the Western Liguria Port Authority
The Federagenti assembly will be held in Civitavecchia on July 3rd.
Rome
Pessina: We will not discuss regulations, community relations, or the pursuit of theories and bureaucracy, but rather the challenges of Italian port infrastructure.
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
HD Hyundai Heavy Industries Ends Joint Venture Plan for Block Factory with India's Cochin Shipyard
(Maeil Business Newspaper)
Empire buys back: After Tata, Adani can rewrite India's colonial past
(The Economic Times)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
Fabrizio Marilli will be the new secretary general of the Central Adriatic Sea Port Authority.
Ancona
The Management Committee has approved the institution's budget adjustment
The Western Ligurian Sea Port Authority has adopted the 2026-2028 Port Plan.
Genoa
Projections for 2028 indicate an increase of approximately 150 employees in the ports of the system
The Southern Tyrrhenian and Ionian Sea Port Authority has approved the budget adjustment change.
Gioia Tauro
It records higher revenues and higher expenses of 1.69 million euros
One and a half million euros for training in Tuscan ports
Livorno
The Northern Tyrrhenian Port Authority has presented its 2026-2028 training plan.
Terminali Italia will manage the Orte intermodal terminal starting next year.
Rome
It has approximately 96,000 square meters of yards and three tracks
Italy and Tunisia sign a collaboration agreement in the transport and logistics sector
Rome
Another Saudi-owned Bahri ship attacked by Houthis in the Red Sea
Southampton/Sana'a/Riyadh
Yemeni militants' spokesman claimed responsibility for the attack on the chemical tanker "NCC Ghazal"
The final breakthrough of the two main tunnels of the Brenner Base Tunnel was achieved today.
Bolzano
The two construction sites are connected approximately 1,400 meters below the Brenner Pass
UPS revenues increased 7.6% in the second quarter
Atlanta
Net profit amounted to $604 million (-52.9%)
In 2025, the revenues of the Italian logistics company Nord Ovest grew by +13.6%
Wedge
Net profit down 8.3%
Quarterly freight traffic increased at the ports of Algeciras and Barcelona. Valencia saw a decline.
Algeciras/Barcelona/
Valencia
Increase in containers at the Catalan port
Fincantieri signs agreement with NextGeo's reinvesting partners
Trieste
The operation is part of the development strategy in the diving segment
The update to the DPSS of the ports of Sardinia has been adopted.
Cagliari
Resolution of the Management Committee of the Port System Authority
ICTSI acquires the ATU12 and ATU18 bulk terminals at the Brazilian port of Aratu.
Sao Paulo/Manila
They will be sold by SIMPAR for approximately 355 million dollars
Konecranes reports decline in quarterly financial performance as orders increase
Helsinki
The value of orders relating to port equipment grew by +17%
Fourteen regions are in favor and five are against the bill on port governance reform.
Rome
Rixi: Let's now continue the institutional process with the aim of achieving a balanced reform.
Kuehne+Nagel's net sales increased by 8% in the second quarter.
Schindellegi
Performance improved markedly in the air freight segment
Assagenti's management team has been renewed.
Genoa
The composition of the executive committee and the chairmen of the commissions
DP World signs preliminary agreement to build two terminals at Fujairah Port
Dubai
VIO - Vado Ligure Interport Board of Directors Renewed
Genoa
Pierangelo Olivieri has been appointed president
Kalmar's turnover increased by 14% in the second quarter
Helsinki
New orders value stable
Saipem wins new offshore drilling contract off Ivory Coast
Milan
It was awarded by Eni Côte d'Ivoire
DSV's quarterly performance continues to grow, boosted by the Schenker acquisition.
Hedehusene
Net profit of DKK 2.6 billion (+11.5%) was recorded in the April-June period of 2026.
Falteri (Federlogistica) has been co-opted into the Board of the European Logistics Association
Genoa
International collaboration protocol on integrated logistics with ACLI Terra
GCC urges international community to protect maritime transport against Houthi threats
Riyadh
Reaction to the announcement of a maritime embargo against Saudi Arabia
Fincantieri signs agreement in Qatar for operational management of the Training and Simulation Centre.
Trieste
The center is intended for the training of naval personnel of the Qatari Navy.
Over 770 kilos of cocaine seized at the port of Vado Ligure
Savona
Once released on the market, the drug would have ensured criminal organizations profits of 250 million euros.
Wärtsilä records sharp increase in new order value in second quarter
Helsinki
Net turnover decreased by -2%
Yang Ming orders Hanwha Ocean to build six 13,000 TEU dual-fuel containerships
Keelung
Contract valued at over $1.2 billion
The toll of attacks on ships in the Black Sea worsens
Odessa
Ten dead on board a ship leaving the port of Odessa
Today a new attack on a ship in the Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
The product tanker Kavomaleas of the Greek company Dynacom Tankers Management caught fire
Confitarma disappointed by the Commission's proposal to revise the EU ETS
Rome
Zanetti: The notable absentee is the competitiveness of the Italian and European shipping industry.
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