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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXVI - Number 7/2008 - JULY 2008

Porti

Il nuovo dragaggio del porto di Amburgo implica buone prospettive per le principali linee di navigazione tedesche

Amburgo è uno dei principali porti containerizzati dell'Europa settentrionale e nel corso dell'ultimo decennio ha goduto di uno dei più sostenuti tassi di crescita rispetto a qualsiasi altro porto della regione.

Dal 2000, i suoi traffici di box sono aumentati di oltre il 135% da 4,2 milioni di TEU a 9,9 milioni di TEU nel 2007.

Inoltre, gli amministratori del Porto di Amburgo sembrano estremamente fiduciosi circa le prospettive di quest'anno, dato che il dr. Jurgen Sorgenfrei, presidente della divisione marketing del Porto di Amburgo, prevede una crescita fra l'8 ed il 10 per cento.

Amburgo dispone di una delle più estese reti lineari fra i porti del Nord Europa; la divisione marketing del porto afferma che vengono servite regolarmente oltre 1.000 destinazioni in 190 paesi.

Il più grande porto della Germania movimenta altresì le più grandi navi portacontainer che viaggiano regolarmente nei traffici marittimi di linea europei: sono infatti visitatrici regolari dello scalo le unità della classe E della Maersk Line da 11.000 TEU, le mega-navi da 9.200 TEU della CMA CGM e le navi del tipo da 8.500 TEU della Hyundai Merchant Marine.

Tuttavia, in molti casi queste navi non possono essere caricate completamente quando fanno scalo al porto, anche quando sono in arrivo dall'Estremo Oriente con carichi più leggeri a bordo.

In uscita verso l'Estremo Oriente, Amburgo molto spesso rappresenta il primo porto di scalo per il carico.

Sotto molti aspetti, quest'ultimo non costituisce in realtà un serio problema, dato che Amburgo è il più occidentale dei porti regolarmente serviti dai vettori impegnati su questa rotta.

Si può inoltre sostenere che i carichi spediti di ritorno in Estremo Oriente sono meno sensibili dal punto di vista dei tempi di viaggio, sebbene la Germania esporti poi merci di elevato valore, quali congegni per macchinari, equipaggiamento di precisione e parti di automobili nella regione dell'Estremo Oriente.

Quanto ai movimenti in entrata, peraltro, vi sono molti argomenti che potrebbero giocare a favore di Amburgo quale primo porto di scalo.

In primo luogo, un notevole volume di merci dall'Estremo Oriente, segnatamente la Cina, è destinato in Germania.

Secondo, i mercati dell'Europa orientale e centrale, stati baltici compresi, sono stati fra quelli dalla crescita più rapida nella regione nel corso degli ultimi due anni e sono serviti principalmente attraverso la porta di accesso di Amburgo.

Terzo, i vettori marittimi sono sempre alla ricerca del modo di differenziare i propri servizi rispetto a quelli della concorrenza.

Un porto di Amburgo più profondo, che potesse offrire ai vettori marittimi la possibilità di conseguire lo status di primo scalo dall'Estremo Oriente, accrescerebbe il numero delle opzioni di servizio disponibili.

Anche se non è sicuro che tutti i vettori vogliano fare tale scelta una volta completato il programma di dragaggio, le operazioni stanno diventando di giorno in giorno sempre più ardue, dal momento che un numero sempre maggiore di navi deve aspettare le finestre di marea più appropriate per entrare ed uscire dal porto.

Di conseguenza, ci sono volte in cui l'efficienza dell'intero porto viene compromessa.

Poter disporre di un metro di profondità in più contribuirebbe ad eliminare i problemi, aumentando di converso la produttività in tutto l'intero complesso portuale.

L'accordo recentemente sottoscritto dal governo dello stato di Amburgo - una coalizione fra i Cristiano-Democratici ed il Partito dei Verdi - comporterà il dragaggio di 1 metro del fiume Elba, di modo che le navi che pescano 13,5 metri saranno in grado di transitare a prescindere dalle condizioni della marea.

Ciò significherà che, con alta marea, le navi dotate di pescaggio di 14,5 metri saranno in grado di salpare da e per i terminal, dal momento che tale profondità è quasi quella sufficiente per movimentare tutte le portacontenitori attualmente in servizio e sotto ordinazione.

Presso il governo municipale è in corso di costituzione una nuova fondazione che dovrà occuparsi di tutti gli aspetti ambientali ed ecologici inerenti al fiume Elba.

Essa verrà finanziata con fondi consistenti in 40 milioni di euro per i primi dieci anni di attività; parte del denaro proverrà da un nuovo sistema di gestione degli oneri portuali.

Anche se il nuovo sistema di imposizione degli oneri sembra essere ancora in fase di revisione, si è capito che gli oneri portuali verranno incrementati per contribuire a pagare il programma di dragaggio del canale e che i principali suoi beneficiari - gli operatori di navi superiori agli 8.000 TEU - pagheranno proporzionalmente di più in relazione al progetto.

Vale a dire, attualmente, tutti i principali operatori di linea al servizio di Amburgo.

Infatti, 20 delle 25 maggiori compagnie di navigazione di linea che servono il continente hanno istituito uffici in città.

Inoltre, diversi vettori - fra cui la COSCON, la China Shipping Container Lines, la CSAV, la Hanjin Shipping Co e la Yang Ming - hanno accordato a queste strutture lo status di ufficio regionale.

Nel contempo, tre delle quattro maggiori compagnie di navigazione di linea della Germania - Hapag-Lloyd, Hamburg Süd e DAL (Deutsche-Afrika-Linien) - hanno sede ad Amburgo, oltre a diversi operatori regionali o di raccordo a corto raggio.

Tutti questi operatori vorrebbero acque più profonde nel fiume Elba, quale strumento sia per aumentare i propri servizi nel porto di Amburgo, sia per migliorare la propria flessibilità operativa nella regione.


LE DUE PRINCIPALI COMPAGNIE DI NAVIGAZIONE DI LINEA DI AMBURGO

Hapag-Lloyd

2007

2004

Cambiamento
%

Classifica mondiale

5

14


TEU in servizio

487.842

193.465

152,2

Totale flotta navi

141

51

176,5

Nuove costruzioni

10

7

42,9

Nuove costruzioni (in TEU)

87.500

58.300

50,1

TEU trasportati

5.454.000

2.415.000

125,8

Giro d'affari

6.202.000

2.691.000

130,5





Hamburg Süd

2007

2004

Cambiamento
%

Classifica mondiale

16

19

85,7

TEU in servizio

196.632

105.897

85,7

Totale flotta navi

76

54

40,7

Nuove costruzioni

25

4

525

Nuove costruzioni (in TEU)

122.853

22.208

453,2

TEU trasportati

2.140.000

1.386.000

54,4

Giro d'affari

3.600.000

2.550.000

41,2

Fonte: Liner intelligence (www.ci-online.co.uk)


Tradizionalmente, i cosiddetti "accordi tra gentiluomini" fra le compagnie di navigazione di linea del paese attive nel trasporto di carichi generali o di contenitori hanno fatto sì che i propri rispettivi servizi di linea divenissero complementari piuttosto che competere fra loro.

Anche se tale situazione in gran parte non è più attuale, la concorrenza sorprendentemente è mutata ed è limitata a quella esistente fra la Senator Lines con sede a Brema (controllata dalla Hanjin) e la Hapag-Lloyd sui principali traffici est/ovest, nonché quella con la Hamburg Süd fra l'Europa ed il Sudamerica e fra l'Europa e l'Asia meridionale.

I due operatori di maggiori dimensioni, Hapag-Lloyd e Hamburg Süd, hanno entrambi aggiunto significativi quantitativi di capacità in termini di spazi-container nel corso degli ultimi cinque anni, avendo ampliato le proprie flotte sia organicamente che mediante acquisizioni.

Nel caso della prima, la sua mossa più ardita è stata il rilevamento della CP Ships nel 2006.

Ciò ha comportato l'estensione del raggio d'azione della Hapag-Lloyd nei traffici del Nord Atlantico, oltre ad un innalzamento del suo profilo sulle rotte fra l'Europa e la costa orientale del Sudamerica, l'Asia meridionale (India e Pakistan in particolare) e l'Australasia.

Inoltre, l'acquisizione della CP Ships ha ampliato il raggio d'azione globale del vettore tedesco dandole solide posizioni nei traffici fra le coste statunitensi orientale e del Golfo del Messico e la costa orientale del Sudamerica, nonché fra le coste orientale ed occidentale degli USA e l'Australia/Nuova Zelanda.

Al momento dell'acquisizione, tuttavia, era stata l'immissione di circa 180.000 TEU di spazi-container aggiuntivi (70 navi) che la dirigenza della compagnia aveva individuato quale motivazione decisiva per l'acquisto.

Inoltre, la capacità aggiuntiva ha consentito alla Hapag-Lloyd di balzare dal 15° al 5° posto nella classifica delle compagnie di navigazione impegnate nel trasporto di contenitori, dal momento che i volumi e la capacità in più hanno offerto migliori sinergie ed economie di scala.

Anche se la Hapag-Lloyd ha conservato la quinta posizione in classifica, nell'integrazione della CP Ships non tutto è andato liscio come la compagnia avrebbe sperato.

Nel corso del primo anno, ad esempio, il vettore è stato costretto ad assumere iniziative in relazione alle proprie tariffe di nolo su diversi traffici, ma in particolare quello più importante di tutti, il transatlantico - che ha rappresentato poco più del 50% dei proventi della CP Ships - dal momento che diversi caricatori hanno dirottato le proprie attività su compagnie rivali e la quota di mercato è divenuta un problema.

Ciò ha comportato la riduzione dei margini di profitto per il vettore tedesco e, ultimamente, allo scontento degli azionisti.

Di conseguenza, la Hapag-Lloyd stessa si è messa in gioco e gli esperti valutano che il vettore abbia un valore di circa 5 miliardi di euro.

Anche se ci sono state molte voci secondo cui la TUI voleva trovare una "soluzione tedesca" alla vendita forzata, il suo consiglio di amministrazione ha chiarito che "il processo di disinvestimento è strettamente concentrato sul conseguimento del valore più elevato possibile per gli azionisti".

Ci sono state varie congetture su chi potrebbero essere gli acquirenti, sebbene la Neptune Orient Lines con sede a Singapore, che possiede la APL, risulti la maggiore indiziata, date le sue aspirazioni di espansione e le manifeste trattative con la dirigenza della TUI e della Hapag-Lloyd all'inizio di quest'anno.

La Hapag-Lloyd fornirebbe altresì al vettore di Singapore il peso sul mercato di cui era alla disperata ricerca sul transatlantico, oltre che sui traffici da e per il Sudamerica.

Fra le altre compagnie interessate, secondo le voci che sono circolate, vi sarebbe anche la Maersk Line, sebbene la cosa appaia improbabile, dati la verifica cui è stata recentemente sottoposta la sua capacità di conseguire profitti, i problemi inerenti all'integrazione della P&O Nedlloyd ancora irrisolti e l'atteggiamento verosimilmente generoso da parte della Commissione Europea in ordine alle quote di mercato.

Anche se pure la Hanjin con sede a Seoul è stata indicata quale possibile candidata, vi è la sensazione che verrà trovata una soluzione tedesca, con un salvataggio effettuato da uno dei gruppi armatoriali del paese o da uno spedizioniere che disponga di una grossa presenza in Germania, come la Kuehne + Nagel.

Malgrado le ovvie distrazioni, la dirigenza della Hapag-Lloyd è rimasta relativamente concentrata sulle attività.

I profitti del primo trimestre 2008 sono aumentati rispetto al corrispondente periodo del 2007 e la linea di navigazione ha continuato ad integrare con successo nella propria flotta e nei propri servizi altre navi post-panamax della supergenerazione da 8.500 TEU.

Anche la Hamburg Süd ha effettuato investimenti in tonnellaggio post-panamax, sebbene si tratti di unità più piccole da 5.500 TEU.

Inoltre, il registro di ordinazioni post-panamax della Hamburg Süd (sino alla fine del 2010) comprende 14 unità.

Le più grandi si riferiscono a 6 navi da 6.300 TEU sotto contratto con i cantieri Daewoo Mangalia in Romania.

In termini di acquisizioni, la Hamburg Süd ha comprato compagnie di navigazione che hanno rafforzato la sua posizione nei propri principali traffici, segnatamente l'Europa/Costa orientale del Sudamerica, l'Europa/Mediterraneo orientale, l'Estremo Oriente/Australasia ed Estremo Oriente/Nordamerica.

Negli ultimi tre anni, significative acquisizioni hanno riguardato la Fesco controllata dai russi, la Costa Container Lines con sede a Genova e la Ybarra Sud con sede a Madrid.

La compagnia di navigazione ha altresì immesso un sacco di risorse aggiuntive nelle proprie attività Asia/Sudamerica, in seguito al proprio rilevamento della Kien Hung Shipping con sede a Taipei all'inizio degli anni 2000.
(da: Containerisation International, The Port of Hamburg Supplement, giugno 2008, pagg. 12-14)



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Port of Ancona: First single ZES authorization issued
Ancona
A three million euro investment in yacht construction has been unblocked.
Access to the port of Ravenna is authorized for vessels with a maximum draft of 11.00 meters.
Ravenna
Benevolent: it is a fundamental step for the economic and strategic development of the airport
Port of Genoa extends food inspection authorization to PSA SECH terminal
Genoa
The provision of the Ministry of Health expands the categories of products that can be subjected to control
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
On Thursday, the Unione Interporti Riuniti will present the ELODIE project at the Chamber of Deputies.
Rome
The aim is to create a digital federation of interports
ABB reports record orders of $12 billion in the third quarter.
Zurich
Revenues and profits also increased, while the group announced a joint venture with Mitsubishi Electric
In the third quarter of 2026, containers in the port of Barcelona decreased by -9.2%
Barcelona
The decline was driven by a 19.9% reduction in transhipment traffic.
COSCO Shipping Ports terminals set new quarterly container throughput record
Hong Kong
In the period July-September also volumes handled by CMPort
In August, the ports of Western Liguria handled 5.2 million tons of goods (+1.6)
Genoa
In Genoa, an increase of +6.1% was recorded, while Savona-Vado Ligure suffered a decrease of -10.0%.
Raben Italy opens a new warehouse in Pomezia
Milan
The goal is to consolidate the positioning and territorial expansion in road transport
Port of La Spezia signs agreement to develop blue economy and security projects
La Spezia
It was signed by the AdSP and the Foundation of the National Centre of the Underwater Dimension
The Port of Long Beach celebrates new monthly container throughput record
Long Beach
New all-time high also in the July-September quarter
The tender for the partial demolition of the North Pier of the Port of Ancona has been launched.
Ancona
The intervention includes the regularization of the relevant seabeds
HMM invests over $1.6 billion for 12 new container ships
Busan
By 2029, the delivery of eight 13,000 TEU vessels, three 2,800 TEU vessels and one 1,700 TEU vessel
Paolo Pessina confirmed as president of Federagenti
Rome
Unanimous vote of the Federation assembly
Negotiations have begun to renew the single collective bargaining agreement for the shipping industry.
Rome
The parties have agreed on a busy schedule of meetings
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong grew by 15.1% in the third quarter
Hong Kong
In September the increase was +25.0%
Maritime training: Appeal to the Regional Administrative Court (TAR) against the Port Authority's fee hike
Rome
ANIFORMAR, CONFORMAR, and 15 training centers challenge the MIT-MEF decree: increases reach up to 149.3%.
The Spinelli Group has opened a new empty container depot in Novi Ligure.
Genoa
Investment worth 14 million euros
Rhenus integrates its logistics services into a single hub at the Padua Interporto.
Padua
The site will bring together road transport, air and sea freight, warehousing and specialized services
A truck driver dies at the Cagliari canal port.
Cagliari
He would have been crushed by a load of large pipes
Maritime labor, Confitarma is concerned about the uncertainty arising from the Revenue Agency's interpretative stance.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries plans to expand shipbuilding capacity
Tokyo
The company plans to invest 100 billion yen
Trasportounito: The government is crazy if it thinks the road haulage crisis can be solved on its own.
Rome
Application of the diesel cost adjustment clause urged
Emanuele Grimaldi is the new president of the Malta International Shipowners Association.
Valletta
She takes over from Marily Frangista, who has been leading the association since April 2022.
The fourth edition of Green Logitics Expo kicks off tomorrow morning in Padua.
Padua
It will see the participation of over 300 exhibitors and the holding of 30 conference events
In the third quarter of this year, cargo traffic in Turkish ports decreased by -1.1%.
Ankara
Volumes to and from Italy grew by +6.2%
Assiterminal, the flexibility of the PRPs should take into account the relevant market in which the ports operate
Genoa
Cetus Maritime plans to list on the Euronext Growth Oslo stock market
Hong Kong
Acquisition of 16 ships in preparation for listing on the stock exchange
On Saturday, a U.S. jet struck a bulk carrier in the Gulf of Oman.
Tampa
Centcom: The ship had attempted to enforce a naval blockade against Iran.
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Assologistica event to discuss the Mediterranean strategy for Italian competitiveness
Rome
It will be held next October 30th in Naples
On Thursday, the Unione Interporti Riuniti will present the ELODIE project at the Chamber of Deputies.
Rome
The aim is to create a digital federation of interports
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Cosco Shipping arm readies China IPO to capitalise on global shipbuilding wave
(South China Morning Post)
Rosatom expects cargo traffic along Northern Sea Route to rise 14% in 2026 - CEO
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Relazione del Presidente Mario Zanetti
Roma, 27 ottobre 2026
››› File
Ship hit near Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
A bullet started a fire which was later put out
OOCL reports 9.0% growth in vessel-borne volumes in the third quarter
Hong Kong
The increase in the value of maritime freight rates causes a +45.1% increase in revenues
HD Hyundai Marine Solutions to Acquire American Company Goltens Worldwide
Dubai/Seongnam
The company deals with the repair and maintenance of large marine engines and industrial machinery.
UNATRAS to the government: Immediately unblock measures to reduce diesel prices.
Rome
Road transport associations report delays and uncertainties in implementing the May 22 agreement and are calling for an urgent meeting.
Port of Taranto: Gugliotti renews his request to the government for funding for the port's wind farm.
Taranto
The project - he underlined - can neither be scaled down nor postponed.
Attack on a ship in the middle of the Persian Gulf
Southampton
The UKMTO reported that several projectiles caused casualties among the crew members.
Gioia Tauro: Addendum to the updated Port Plan approved
Gioia Tauro
The analysis will allow us to evaluate the Port Agency's employment and staffing needs.
Ships queuing, fuel wasted: how waiting at anchor can save you money.
Copenhagen
The Global Maritime Forum publishes Cargill's test results on 16 real-world voyages. Slowing down and arriving when the berth is free reduces fuel consumption and emissions.
ZIM raises full-year 2026 guidance
Haifa
Adjusted EBITDA and EBIT expected to be $2.7 billion/$3.0 billion and $1.4 billion/$1.7 billion
Gabriele Sangiorgi appointed acting secretary general of the Ravenna Port Authority.
Ravenna
Fabio Maletti's term has expired
Port of Genoa: Messina Terminal workers strike for one hour for a month
Genoa
The company reports that one of the union members did not show up at the last meeting as part of the cooling-off procedure provided for by the National Collective Labour Agreement.
Port of Taranto, agreement to participate in the development of the Valbasento Interporto in Ferrandina.
Matera/Taranto
A logistical-functional masterplan will be developed within 180 days
Attica, the deficit is reduced thanks mainly to capital gains and coverage
Kallithea
First half of the year with fewer crossings and slightly increasing revenues
Since the beginning of the year, passengers and goods on GNV ships have increased by +2% and +5%
Marrakech
Three-year strategic partnership with the Office National Marocain du Tourisme
Filt Cgil, recognize maritime and port work as arduous
Rome
The union is calling for a clear provision to be included in the next budget law.
Escola Europea - Intermodal Transport celebrates its 20th anniversary
Barcelona
A Mediterranean sea voyage between Barcelona, Civitavecchia, Palermo, and Genoa.
Tanker attacked in Hormuz
Southampton
The unit continued its navigation regularly
FS Logistix and Interporto Bologna presented the first Italian experimental DAC train
Assologistica event to discuss the Mediterranean strategy for Italian competitiveness
Rome
It will be held next October 30th in Naples
Sanilog launches a special cancer prevention campaign.
Rome
Three new areas dedicated to the prevention of head and neck and oral cavity cancers and the assessment of vascular risk
Contract awarded for dredging and completion of the electrification of the docks at the port of Gioia Tauro.
Gioia Tauro
They will be carried out respectively by Dravo and RTI Saet-Suardi
Student Naval Architect Award Awarded in Genoa
Genoa
The d'Amico Group and the Royal Institution of Naval Architects recognize excellence in naval engineering.
Freight transport is more expensive for Malta: €35 million per year between ETS, FuelEU and BAF
Zebbug
The hauliers' association calls on the government to challenge a European policy designed for the continent.
CMA CGM has finalized the acquisition of FedEx Supply Chain.
Marseille/Atlanta
With the transaction, CEVA Logistics' presence in North America has tripled.
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