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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXVI - Number 7/2008 - JULY 2008

Porti

Il nuovo dragaggio del porto di Amburgo implica buone prospettive per le principali linee di navigazione tedesche

Amburgo è uno dei principali porti containerizzati dell'Europa settentrionale e nel corso dell'ultimo decennio ha goduto di uno dei più sostenuti tassi di crescita rispetto a qualsiasi altro porto della regione.

Dal 2000, i suoi traffici di box sono aumentati di oltre il 135% da 4,2 milioni di TEU a 9,9 milioni di TEU nel 2007.

Inoltre, gli amministratori del Porto di Amburgo sembrano estremamente fiduciosi circa le prospettive di quest'anno, dato che il dr. Jurgen Sorgenfrei, presidente della divisione marketing del Porto di Amburgo, prevede una crescita fra l'8 ed il 10 per cento.

Amburgo dispone di una delle più estese reti lineari fra i porti del Nord Europa; la divisione marketing del porto afferma che vengono servite regolarmente oltre 1.000 destinazioni in 190 paesi.

Il più grande porto della Germania movimenta altresì le più grandi navi portacontainer che viaggiano regolarmente nei traffici marittimi di linea europei: sono infatti visitatrici regolari dello scalo le unità della classe E della Maersk Line da 11.000 TEU, le mega-navi da 9.200 TEU della CMA CGM e le navi del tipo da 8.500 TEU della Hyundai Merchant Marine.

Tuttavia, in molti casi queste navi non possono essere caricate completamente quando fanno scalo al porto, anche quando sono in arrivo dall'Estremo Oriente con carichi più leggeri a bordo.

In uscita verso l'Estremo Oriente, Amburgo molto spesso rappresenta il primo porto di scalo per il carico.

Sotto molti aspetti, quest'ultimo non costituisce in realtà un serio problema, dato che Amburgo è il più occidentale dei porti regolarmente serviti dai vettori impegnati su questa rotta.

Si può inoltre sostenere che i carichi spediti di ritorno in Estremo Oriente sono meno sensibili dal punto di vista dei tempi di viaggio, sebbene la Germania esporti poi merci di elevato valore, quali congegni per macchinari, equipaggiamento di precisione e parti di automobili nella regione dell'Estremo Oriente.

Quanto ai movimenti in entrata, peraltro, vi sono molti argomenti che potrebbero giocare a favore di Amburgo quale primo porto di scalo.

In primo luogo, un notevole volume di merci dall'Estremo Oriente, segnatamente la Cina, è destinato in Germania.

Secondo, i mercati dell'Europa orientale e centrale, stati baltici compresi, sono stati fra quelli dalla crescita più rapida nella regione nel corso degli ultimi due anni e sono serviti principalmente attraverso la porta di accesso di Amburgo.

Terzo, i vettori marittimi sono sempre alla ricerca del modo di differenziare i propri servizi rispetto a quelli della concorrenza.

Un porto di Amburgo più profondo, che potesse offrire ai vettori marittimi la possibilità di conseguire lo status di primo scalo dall'Estremo Oriente, accrescerebbe il numero delle opzioni di servizio disponibili.

Anche se non è sicuro che tutti i vettori vogliano fare tale scelta una volta completato il programma di dragaggio, le operazioni stanno diventando di giorno in giorno sempre più ardue, dal momento che un numero sempre maggiore di navi deve aspettare le finestre di marea più appropriate per entrare ed uscire dal porto.

Di conseguenza, ci sono volte in cui l'efficienza dell'intero porto viene compromessa.

Poter disporre di un metro di profondità in più contribuirebbe ad eliminare i problemi, aumentando di converso la produttività in tutto l'intero complesso portuale.

L'accordo recentemente sottoscritto dal governo dello stato di Amburgo - una coalizione fra i Cristiano-Democratici ed il Partito dei Verdi - comporterà il dragaggio di 1 metro del fiume Elba, di modo che le navi che pescano 13,5 metri saranno in grado di transitare a prescindere dalle condizioni della marea.

Ciò significherà che, con alta marea, le navi dotate di pescaggio di 14,5 metri saranno in grado di salpare da e per i terminal, dal momento che tale profondità è quasi quella sufficiente per movimentare tutte le portacontenitori attualmente in servizio e sotto ordinazione.

Presso il governo municipale è in corso di costituzione una nuova fondazione che dovrà occuparsi di tutti gli aspetti ambientali ed ecologici inerenti al fiume Elba.

Essa verrà finanziata con fondi consistenti in 40 milioni di euro per i primi dieci anni di attività; parte del denaro proverrà da un nuovo sistema di gestione degli oneri portuali.

Anche se il nuovo sistema di imposizione degli oneri sembra essere ancora in fase di revisione, si è capito che gli oneri portuali verranno incrementati per contribuire a pagare il programma di dragaggio del canale e che i principali suoi beneficiari - gli operatori di navi superiori agli 8.000 TEU - pagheranno proporzionalmente di più in relazione al progetto.

Vale a dire, attualmente, tutti i principali operatori di linea al servizio di Amburgo.

Infatti, 20 delle 25 maggiori compagnie di navigazione di linea che servono il continente hanno istituito uffici in città.

Inoltre, diversi vettori - fra cui la COSCON, la China Shipping Container Lines, la CSAV, la Hanjin Shipping Co e la Yang Ming - hanno accordato a queste strutture lo status di ufficio regionale.

Nel contempo, tre delle quattro maggiori compagnie di navigazione di linea della Germania - Hapag-Lloyd, Hamburg Süd e DAL (Deutsche-Afrika-Linien) - hanno sede ad Amburgo, oltre a diversi operatori regionali o di raccordo a corto raggio.

Tutti questi operatori vorrebbero acque più profonde nel fiume Elba, quale strumento sia per aumentare i propri servizi nel porto di Amburgo, sia per migliorare la propria flessibilità operativa nella regione.


LE DUE PRINCIPALI COMPAGNIE DI NAVIGAZIONE DI LINEA DI AMBURGO

Hapag-Lloyd

2007

2004

Cambiamento
%

Classifica mondiale

5

14


TEU in servizio

487.842

193.465

152,2

Totale flotta navi

141

51

176,5

Nuove costruzioni

10

7

42,9

Nuove costruzioni (in TEU)

87.500

58.300

50,1

TEU trasportati

5.454.000

2.415.000

125,8

Giro d'affari

6.202.000

2.691.000

130,5





Hamburg Süd

2007

2004

Cambiamento
%

Classifica mondiale

16

19

85,7

TEU in servizio

196.632

105.897

85,7

Totale flotta navi

76

54

40,7

Nuove costruzioni

25

4

525

Nuove costruzioni (in TEU)

122.853

22.208

453,2

TEU trasportati

2.140.000

1.386.000

54,4

Giro d'affari

3.600.000

2.550.000

41,2

Fonte: Liner intelligence (www.ci-online.co.uk)


Tradizionalmente, i cosiddetti "accordi tra gentiluomini" fra le compagnie di navigazione di linea del paese attive nel trasporto di carichi generali o di contenitori hanno fatto sì che i propri rispettivi servizi di linea divenissero complementari piuttosto che competere fra loro.

Anche se tale situazione in gran parte non è più attuale, la concorrenza sorprendentemente è mutata ed è limitata a quella esistente fra la Senator Lines con sede a Brema (controllata dalla Hanjin) e la Hapag-Lloyd sui principali traffici est/ovest, nonché quella con la Hamburg Süd fra l'Europa ed il Sudamerica e fra l'Europa e l'Asia meridionale.

I due operatori di maggiori dimensioni, Hapag-Lloyd e Hamburg Süd, hanno entrambi aggiunto significativi quantitativi di capacità in termini di spazi-container nel corso degli ultimi cinque anni, avendo ampliato le proprie flotte sia organicamente che mediante acquisizioni.

Nel caso della prima, la sua mossa più ardita è stata il rilevamento della CP Ships nel 2006.

Ciò ha comportato l'estensione del raggio d'azione della Hapag-Lloyd nei traffici del Nord Atlantico, oltre ad un innalzamento del suo profilo sulle rotte fra l'Europa e la costa orientale del Sudamerica, l'Asia meridionale (India e Pakistan in particolare) e l'Australasia.

Inoltre, l'acquisizione della CP Ships ha ampliato il raggio d'azione globale del vettore tedesco dandole solide posizioni nei traffici fra le coste statunitensi orientale e del Golfo del Messico e la costa orientale del Sudamerica, nonché fra le coste orientale ed occidentale degli USA e l'Australia/Nuova Zelanda.

Al momento dell'acquisizione, tuttavia, era stata l'immissione di circa 180.000 TEU di spazi-container aggiuntivi (70 navi) che la dirigenza della compagnia aveva individuato quale motivazione decisiva per l'acquisto.

Inoltre, la capacità aggiuntiva ha consentito alla Hapag-Lloyd di balzare dal 15° al 5° posto nella classifica delle compagnie di navigazione impegnate nel trasporto di contenitori, dal momento che i volumi e la capacità in più hanno offerto migliori sinergie ed economie di scala.

Anche se la Hapag-Lloyd ha conservato la quinta posizione in classifica, nell'integrazione della CP Ships non tutto è andato liscio come la compagnia avrebbe sperato.

Nel corso del primo anno, ad esempio, il vettore è stato costretto ad assumere iniziative in relazione alle proprie tariffe di nolo su diversi traffici, ma in particolare quello più importante di tutti, il transatlantico - che ha rappresentato poco più del 50% dei proventi della CP Ships - dal momento che diversi caricatori hanno dirottato le proprie attività su compagnie rivali e la quota di mercato è divenuta un problema.

Ciò ha comportato la riduzione dei margini di profitto per il vettore tedesco e, ultimamente, allo scontento degli azionisti.

Di conseguenza, la Hapag-Lloyd stessa si è messa in gioco e gli esperti valutano che il vettore abbia un valore di circa 5 miliardi di euro.

Anche se ci sono state molte voci secondo cui la TUI voleva trovare una "soluzione tedesca" alla vendita forzata, il suo consiglio di amministrazione ha chiarito che "il processo di disinvestimento è strettamente concentrato sul conseguimento del valore più elevato possibile per gli azionisti".

Ci sono state varie congetture su chi potrebbero essere gli acquirenti, sebbene la Neptune Orient Lines con sede a Singapore, che possiede la APL, risulti la maggiore indiziata, date le sue aspirazioni di espansione e le manifeste trattative con la dirigenza della TUI e della Hapag-Lloyd all'inizio di quest'anno.

La Hapag-Lloyd fornirebbe altresì al vettore di Singapore il peso sul mercato di cui era alla disperata ricerca sul transatlantico, oltre che sui traffici da e per il Sudamerica.

Fra le altre compagnie interessate, secondo le voci che sono circolate, vi sarebbe anche la Maersk Line, sebbene la cosa appaia improbabile, dati la verifica cui è stata recentemente sottoposta la sua capacità di conseguire profitti, i problemi inerenti all'integrazione della P&O Nedlloyd ancora irrisolti e l'atteggiamento verosimilmente generoso da parte della Commissione Europea in ordine alle quote di mercato.

Anche se pure la Hanjin con sede a Seoul è stata indicata quale possibile candidata, vi è la sensazione che verrà trovata una soluzione tedesca, con un salvataggio effettuato da uno dei gruppi armatoriali del paese o da uno spedizioniere che disponga di una grossa presenza in Germania, come la Kuehne + Nagel.

Malgrado le ovvie distrazioni, la dirigenza della Hapag-Lloyd è rimasta relativamente concentrata sulle attività.

I profitti del primo trimestre 2008 sono aumentati rispetto al corrispondente periodo del 2007 e la linea di navigazione ha continuato ad integrare con successo nella propria flotta e nei propri servizi altre navi post-panamax della supergenerazione da 8.500 TEU.

Anche la Hamburg Süd ha effettuato investimenti in tonnellaggio post-panamax, sebbene si tratti di unità più piccole da 5.500 TEU.

Inoltre, il registro di ordinazioni post-panamax della Hamburg Süd (sino alla fine del 2010) comprende 14 unità.

Le più grandi si riferiscono a 6 navi da 6.300 TEU sotto contratto con i cantieri Daewoo Mangalia in Romania.

In termini di acquisizioni, la Hamburg Süd ha comprato compagnie di navigazione che hanno rafforzato la sua posizione nei propri principali traffici, segnatamente l'Europa/Costa orientale del Sudamerica, l'Europa/Mediterraneo orientale, l'Estremo Oriente/Australasia ed Estremo Oriente/Nordamerica.

Negli ultimi tre anni, significative acquisizioni hanno riguardato la Fesco controllata dai russi, la Costa Container Lines con sede a Genova e la Ybarra Sud con sede a Madrid.

La compagnia di navigazione ha altresì immesso un sacco di risorse aggiuntive nelle proprie attività Asia/Sudamerica, in seguito al proprio rilevamento della Kien Hung Shipping con sede a Taipei all'inizio degli anni 2000.
(da: Containerisation International, The Port of Hamburg Supplement, giugno 2008, pagg. 12-14)



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Product tanker High Fidelity rescues 38 migrants on a drifting dinghy
Rome
Intervention in the south of the island of Crete
GES and RINA sign agreement to develop a prototype of a new hydrogen battery
Rovereto/Genoa
PSA's second phase of container terminal at Mumbai Port inaugurated
Singapore
Annual traffic capacity will increase to 4.8 million TEUs
The conference "EU ETS - Perspectives and Opportunities for Decarbonization in the Maritime Sector" will be held in Palermo.
Rome
It will be held on September 18th and 19th
Fincantieri and PGZ sign an agreement to support the modernization of the Polish Navy
Trieste
The third LSS section for Chantiers de l'Atlantique was launched in Castellammare di Stabia.
In the US, funding for wind energy development projects in ports is being cut.
Washington
Resources worth $679 million will be reallocated for port infrastructure upgrades
From January 1st, Kombiverkehr will operate the PKV intermodal terminal in the port of Duisburg.
Frankfurt am Main
It has a traffic capacity of approximately 200 thousand intermodal units per year.
Wallenius Marine and ABB form Overseas joint venture
Stockholm
The aim is to accelerate the launch of the platform of the same name for improving fleet performance.
DHL eCommerce has acquired a minority stake in Saudi Arabia's AJEX Logistics Services.
Bonn/Riyadh
The Middle Eastern company has two thousand employees
The Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport has asked the Region to agree on the appointment of Bagalà as president of the Sardinian Port Authority.
Rome
He is currently the extraordinary commissioner of the same body
CMPort's port terminals handled record container traffic in the second quarter
Hong Kong
In the first six months of 2025 the total was 78.8 million TEUs (+4.3%)
Confitarma approves the decree on advanced training for tanker seafarers.
Rome
Applause to the General Command of the Port Authority Corps
Quarterly freight traffic in Moroccan ports increases
Tangier/Casablanca
In Tanger Med the growth was +17%
The board of directors of the Genoa-based Ente Bacini has been renewed.
Genoa
President Alessandro Arvigo and CEO Maurizio Anselmo
In the second quarter, sales of dry containers produced by CIMC fell by -33%.
Hong Kong
Reefer boats increase by 57%
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the Grande Shanghai
Naples
It will be used for the transport of vehicles between East Asia and Northern Europe
Chinese automaker FAW ships components to Europe by train
Changchun
Transit time reduced to 18 days compared to 45 days for maritime transport
The ART urges to verify that the investment plan and the related amortization period are consistent with the duration of the port concessions.
Turin
Opinions regarding the concession extensions requested by the Neapolitan companies So.Te.Co. and Co.Na.Te.Co.
The assets and fleet of the Spanish Armas Trasmediterránea will be sold to Baleària and DFDS
Las Palmas/Dénia/Copenhagen
Two agreements worth €215 million and €40 million respectively have been signed.
Italian State Railways (FS), investing €70 million to install the ERTMS system.
Rome
Work has been completed on 382 Trenitalia trains, while the retrofitting of 60 locomotives from Mercitalia Rail, an FS Logistix company, is underway.
MPC Container Ships' quarterly revenue returns to growth
The second quarter of 2025 was closed with a net profit of 78.1 million dollars (+20.5%)
Plans to build two container customs areas north and south of the Suez Canal
Cairo
Fourteen of the 48 abandoned shipwrecks in Catania port have been removed.
Catania
The activity will be replicated in the port of Augusta
The Regional Administrative Court (TAR) has confirmed the validity of the tender for the new Ravano Terminal in the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
DP World's port terminals handled record quarterly container traffic
Dubai
Revenues grew by 22.2% in the first half of 2025
In the quarter April-June the volume of rolling stock transported by Höegh Autoliners increased by +9.0%
Oslo
Sharp increase (+46.6%) of vehicles from Asia
South Korea's HD Korea Shipbuilding & Offshore Engineering acquires Vietnam's Doosan Enerbility
Seongnam
It manages an industrial area with its own port facility
Container traffic in the port of Algeciras grew by 6.6% in July
Algeciras
In the first seven months of 2025, a decrease of -2.9% was recorded
In July, the port of Valencia handled 488,000 containers (+6.7%)
Valencia
Increase driven by growth in empty containers
Salvini has appointed Annalisa Tardino as extraordinary commissioner of the Western Sicilian Sea Port Authority.
Rome/Palermo
The President of the Sicilian Region announces the appeal against the provision
The materials dredged in the ports of La Spezia and Carrara will be used for the construction of the new breakwater in Genoa.
Genoa/La Spezia
Agreement between the two Ligurian Port System Authorities
X-Press Feeders denounces authorities' failure to acknowledge responsibility in the X-Press Pearl accident
Singapore
According to the company, the Supreme Court ruling ignores international maritime law
Cargo traffic in Russian ports remained stable in July
St. Petersburg
In the first seven months of 2025, loads decreased by -4.6%
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong decreased by -6.5% in July
Hong Kong
A decline of -3.7% was recorded in the first seven months of 2025
In July, the Port of Singapore set a new all-time record for monthly container traffic with 3.9 million TEUs.
Singapore
In terms of weight, containerized cargo decreased by -3.6%
Compensation to be paid by the Civitavecchia Port Authority in the Fincosit case has been set at €1.5 million.
Civitavecchia
Latrofa: The ruling allows the release of set-aside sums that have frozen the budget for years.
Germany's HHLA posts record quarterly revenue
Hamburg
In the second quarter, the group's port terminals handled 3.2 million containers (+7.9%)
In the first half of 2025, CK Hutchison's port terminals handled 44 million containers (+4.0%)
Hong Kong
In the quarter April-June the Wallenius Wilhelmsen fleet transported 14.8 million cubic meters of rolling stock (-0.5%)
Lysaker
Revenues down by -0.7%
In the second quarter, Montenegro's ports handled 670 thousand tons of goods (+0.6%)
Podgorica
Volumes with Italy amounted to 154 thousand tons (+53.1%)
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Conference: "Waiting and Delays in Road Transport: Logistics in Check"
Genoa
Organized by Trasportounito, it will be held on September 26th in Genoa
The conference "EU ETS - Perspectives and Opportunities for Decarbonization in the Maritime Sector" will be held in Palermo.
Rome
It will be held on September 18th and 19th
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Korean Firms Reassess U.S. Investments After Mass Immigration Raid
(The Korea Bizwire)
Russia's infrastructure development plan aims to build 17 marine terminals by 2036
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
With the arrival of the first container ship, the testing of operational procedures at the Rijeka Gateway begins.
The Hague
The first commercial ship is expected on September 12th
A proposal to bring the port of Taranto back onto global container routes? Start a discussion table.
Taranto
Meeting on the status of freight traffic
Port of Ancona: Tender for demolition of fire-damaged Tubimar warehouses
Ancona
The expected duration of the works is four and a half months
Merger of the German MACS and Hugo Stinnes, both active in the MPP vessel segment
Hamburg/Rostock
Stinnes headquarters in Rostock to close by December 31
In the second quarter, freight traffic in Albanian ports grew by +2.9%
Tirana
There were 331 thousand passengers (+13.6%)
A.SPE.DO, operationalizing the Smart Terminal to increase the competitiveness of the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
ING loans to Premuda for over 100 million dollars
Milan
Funds for the management buyout and the purchase of two product tankers
Sallaum Lines has taken delivery of the first of six Ocean-class dual-fuel PCTCs
Rotterdam
The ship was completed four months ahead of schedule
First meeting of the new Management Committee of the Western Ligurian Sea Port Authority
Genoa
Several measures approved, including those for CULMV and CULP staff
Euroports to operate a new liquid bulk terminal in the French port of Port-La Nouvelle
Beveren-Kruibeke-Zwijndrecht
It is expected to become operational in 2026
In the second quarter, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna increased by +2.6%
Ravenna
Growth of 0.6% was recorded in June. An increase of 4.8% is expected in July.
OsserMare presents five reports on the marine economy
Rome
They focus on a specific sector supply chain or aspect of it
Port of Naples: Road haulage operations resume
Naples
Resolution meeting between institutions, operators and trade associations
ICTSI again reports record quarterly financial and operating results
Manila
Global Ship Lease Reports Record Quarterly Revenue
Athens
In the April-June period, net profit was 95.4 million dollars (+8.4%)
Vard receives new order from North Star for two hybrid SOVs
Trieste
Contract worth between 100 and 200 million euros
The Panama Shipping Registry will no longer accept the registration of oil tankers and bulk carriers over 15 years old.
Panama
Measure to counter the use of the shadow fleet
Danaos Corporation reports record quarterly revenue
Athens
The April-June period closed with a net profit of 130.9 million (-7.3%)
New customs fast corridor between the port of La Spezia and Interporto Padova
Padua
It adds to the other three already active on the same route
ICTSI to operate Indonesia's Batu Ampar Container Terminal
Manila
It is located on Batam Island
Pino Musolino has been appointed CEO of the Alilauro shipping company.
Naples
He replaces the resigning Eliseo Cuccaro
In the second quarter, DIS' time charter revenues fell by -37.1%.
Luxembourg
Net income was $19.6 million (-70.5%)
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