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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XIX - Number 7-8/2001 - JULY/AUGUST 2001

Trasporto ferroviario

Tutto cambia in Spagna

La Spagna è l'unico Paese ad avere infrastrutture ferroviarie differenti dal resto dell'Europa, e in tal modo il trasporto via treno intraeuropeo risulta essere molto più difficoltoso. Ma un collegamento ferroviario standard ad alta velocità è pronto per essere aperto tra la Francia e la Spagna nel 2004, e questo evento potrebbe segnare l'inizio di una nuova era per il trasporto su treni nel Paese. Nel frattempo sono stati studiati altri sistemi per migliorare il trasporto intermodale.

Barcellona può essere considerato un porto d'importanza mondiale, ma le sue chances di diventare una delle principali porte d'accesso per l'Europa dipendono grandemente dalla sua abilità di migliorare i collegamenti ferroviari con il resto del Continente.

Dato che la Spagna trasporta su binari ferroviari di misure differenti dal resto dell'Europa, non è per niente facile. Tutto l'equipaggiamento ferroviario deve essere cambiato al confine settentrionale con la Francia, non solo le locomotive e i conducenti. Questo comprende trasferire i carichi da un vagone ferroviario di un tipo a un altro di tipo differente, con conseguenti problemi nella gestione della fluidità del flusso di merci.

Come risultato, tenendo conto anche delle lunghe distanze coinvolte, la maggioranza del traffico da e per l'Europa del Nord è movimentato ancora su gomma, e i servizi intermodali domestici sono abbandonati a se stessi. In altri Paesi, i treni merci locali sono diventati la base delle movimentazioni del traffico combinato nazionale e intraeuropeo.

Per dimostrare il punto, solo circa il 5% del traffico dell'hinterland di Barcellona attualmente si muove via ferrovia, comparato al 10-15% di quello dei porti di Amburgo/Le Havre dove le distanze però sono anche più brevi e pertanto più adatte al trasporto su gomma. In più, la maggior parte del traffico ferroviario spagnolo si muove sull'arteria di 620km tra Barcellona e Madrid, e tra i porti di Barcellona e Valencia.

Però, quale parte di un'iniziativa dell'Unione Europea di più vasta portata nell'ottica di un miglioramento del trasporto ferroviario attraverso l'Europa, un nuovo collegamento ferroviario standard sarà aperto nel 2004 tra Perpignan (Francia) e Madrid via Barcellona, che modificherà il background in maniera radicale.

Lo sviluppo deve essere visto nel contesto di un'apertura del network ferroviario dell'Unione Europea agli operatori privati per il 2007. Come spiega Kirsten Sterner, consigliere della Commissione Europea, questa situazione non deve sfuggire dalle mani.

Assieme a tariffe ferroviarie d'accesso più competitive, rappresenterà una minaccia per l'intera comunità internazionale di trasporto stradale, specialmente per le distanze coinvolte. Qualunque spedizione che preveda un viaggio superiore a una giornata in durata richiede almeno due guidatori o una dispendiosa sosta notturna. In più, l'accesso ai veicoli commerciali pesanti alla Francia è vietato di solito durante i weekends.

Per spianare la strada a questo sviluppo si stanno facendo piccoli passi, e tra questi l'apertura di un nuovo porto a Coslava, appena fuori da Madrid. José-Ignacio Aguada, direttore del settore commerciale della Teco (Transporte Combinado), business unit intermodale della compagnia statale Renfe, così commenta: "Sebbene il terminal sia aperto solo da poco, sta già fornendo molta capacità ferroviaria extra a Madrid. In più, siccome si trova al di fuori della città, evita un sacco di congestioni stradali all'interno della città stessa".

La Teco ora fornisce un servizio giornaliero per Coslava da Barcellona, in aggiunta a due altri servizi giornalieri già presenti per il terminal di Abronigal nel centro di Madrid. In ogni caso, si offrono partenze per un determinato giorno A e arrivi in un altro giorno B. dice Aguada; "In generale tutti i nostri servizi domestici lavorano con una base hub and spoke da e per Madrid con tempi di transito A/B".

La Renfe, che in un paio d'anni potrebbe essere privatizzata, stima che le sue tariffe ferroviarie siano del 15% circa più contenute rispetto a quelle stradali, a seconda della distanza coinvolta e dell'ammontare di trasporto stradale necessario successivamente. Complessivamente l'anno scorso ha movimentato poco più di 900 mila Teus, di cui solo un terzo era traffico internazionale.

Sebbene non fossero disponibili dati precisi, secondo la maggior parte delle fonti industriali il traffico intermodale tra l'Europa del Nord e la Spagna è in costante crescita e nuovi operatori door-to-door stanno sistematicamente facendo il loro ingresso nel mercato.

Uno di questi operatori è la Contship Overland, società con sede principale in Gran Bretagna, una divisione di trasporto inland della Contship Containerlines. Gavin Roser, amministratore delegato della compagnia, così commenta: "Il mercato intermodale tra Gran Bretagna e Spagna sta crescendo in parte a causa del puro business intraeuropeo, ma anche per il livello sempre peggiore di congestionamento di traffico stradale in Europa. Sebbene il trasporto stradale sia molto più veloce, è anche molto più costoso e sta diventando sempre più inaffidabile".

La Contship Overland è meglio conosciuta per i suoi servizi tra Gran Bretagna e Italia, dove correntemente movimenta all'incirca 600 Teus a settimana. I suoi servizi verso la Spagna, che sono iniziati solamente nel Giugno 2000, sono gestiti attraverso i servizi giornalieri della ACI nel Canale della Manica tra cinque depositi in Gran Bretagna e a Perpignan in Francia. La Contship Overland ha la sua propria flotta di containers, compresi pallet-wide boxes di 45ft.

Continua Roser: "per i problemi di passaggio ferroviario tra Francia e Spagna, la consegna locale da e per Perpignan è per la maggioranza gestita via camion, comprese le consegne per Barcellona e Madrid. È molto più veloce e affidabile. Questo scenario potrà anche evolversi e mutare dopo l'apertura nel 2004 del nuovo collegamento ferroviario, ma si aggirerà questo ostacolo solamente al momento opportuno". I tempi di transito tra Daventry in Gran Bretagna e Barcellona è dato come day A/C, e dalla Scozia come day A/D.

La Contship Overland gestisce il suo servizio spagnolo con la Witty SA di Barcellona, e già è molto forte nel commercio con le isole mediterranee delle Baleari. Però la maggior parte del traffico tra Spagna e resto dell'Europa è soprattutto settentrionale, e comprende prodotti come frutta, materiali in ceramica e bevande alcoliche, quali lo sherry.

È interessante notare che la Transfea, specialista dell'intermodalità in Spagna, ha un solo modo di trattare con il problema delle ferrovie al confine franco-spagnolo. Invece di effettuare dei laboriosi cambi di vagoni, essa fornisce il suo proprio equipaggiamento con parti intercambiabili. Di solito consistono di due vagoni. All'arrivo al confine spagnolo ogni vagone è sollevato e le ruote sono riassettate per avere un perfetto fit con i nuovi binari.

Sebbene l'operazione sia piuttosto veloce in sé, in quanto richiede solo un paio d'ore, richiede prima un sacco di preparazione. La Transfea gestisce soprattutto veicoli a motore o parti di essi di grandi dimensioni e traffico di rinfuse.

La Intercontainer-Interfrigo (ICF), il maggiore operatore europeo su ferrovie, invece continua a voler cambiare tutto l'equipaggiamento al confine, eccetto pochi traffici nel corridoio di Barcellona. Essa offre una vasta gamma di servizi ferroviari mediante i suoi terminals hub a Metz (Francia), Port-Bou (a Sud di Perpignan, sulla costa del Mediterraneo) e Irun (costa Atlantica, a Sud di Biarritz). Ora come ora fa viaggiare cinque treni merci ogni settimana sulla prima strada e tre sulla seconda. Questi si connettono con i servizi della Renfe da e per tutte le destinazioni della Spagna.

Alan Bennet, manager di divisione per la ICF per i servizi in questione, commenta così: "In generale offriamo consegne del tipo day A/C sulla maggior parte delle strade utilizzando questi hubs, così ci sentiamo più che competitivi con gli altri operatori. L'anno scorso abbiamo trasportato un totale di 70-75 mila Teus in entrambe le direzioni".

Continua: "Difficile è fare un confronto tra le performances attuali e quelle degli anni passati a causa del significativo impatto che alcuni dei più grossi veicoli a motore possono avere sui volumi complessivi. Al momento presente non ne trasportiamo tra l'altro moltissimi anche perché offrono un margine assai ridotto, e pertanto i nostri traffici potrebbero sembrare in declino". I principali competitors dell'impresa su questo segmento di mercato sono la Transfea, la Novatrans e la Kombiverkehr.

Come detto precedentemente, i servizi domestici intermodali danno un piccolo sostegno al traffico intraeuropeo, che così deve mantenersi in piedi da solo. Ciononostante la maggior parte del traffico tra Barcellona e Madrid si muove via treno, e lo fa dalle principali porte d'accesso alla Regione, ossia Bilbao e Valencia.

Miguel Duro, shipment manager della P&O Nedlloyd (P&=N) a Barcellona, osserva: "In generale, la maggior parte del nostro traffico da e per Madrid si muove su ferrovia. Il traffico dovrebbe crescere ora che il porto di Coslava è stato aperto, vi sarà meno congestione e un servizio Teco giornaliero che si muoverà direttamente dai terminal containers del porto".

Secondo l'opinione di Duro, la maggior parte dei vettori oceanici negoziano normalmente contratti di trasporto annuali con Teco. La P&ON movimenta i suoi traffici soprattutto tra Barcellona e Valencia via ferrovia.

Continua poi: "Altri due servizi della Teco da e per Abronigal a Madrid viaggiano via Morrot, appena al di fuori di Barcellona, e non direttamente per il terminal containers, mettendoci così più tempo. Dall'altro lato, si deve dire che Coslava è un nuovo terminal che deve ancora mettersi alla prova, con particolare riguardo per le procedure di sdoganamento. Alcuni spedizionieri, dal canto loro, preferiscono ancora trattare con i propri uffici stanziati a Abronigal".

Duro dice anche che mentre i servizi della Teco si stanno migliorando, la compagnia potrebbe fare ancora molto di più per venire incontro alle esigenze della sua clientela. Dice pertanto: "Per esempio, il collegamento ferroviario di Renfe appena al di fuori da Barcellona non è controllato da Teco. Se qualcosa va storto laggiù a volte non è possibile ricevere delle informazioni accurate che potrebbero essere utili a risolvere il problema".

Dall'altro lato, John O'Sullivan, direttore commerciale della Andrew Weir Shipping, afferma che il servizio della Teco tra Bilbao e Madrid, l'altra principale arteria di traffico, funziona molto bene: la ragione risiede nel fatto che la Mac Andrews con i suoi servizi è divenuta al maggiore cliente.

Spiega altresì: "Noi procuriamo un servizio door-to-door dalla Gran Bretagna utilizzando le nostre barche per la parte di tratto marittimo. Per competere con le tratte tuttostrada, molto più veloci, ma anche più costose, dobbiamo garantire una maggiore affidabilità, e non solo per quanto concerne il tratto marittimo. Per questo motivo, negli anni il nostro ufficio a Bilbao ha costruito una stretta relazione di networking con tutte le divisioni della Renfe, perché sanno che se noi non riusciamo a impadronirci del business, probabilmente non ce la faranno nemmeno loro".

Cosa molto interessante, circa il 16% del traffico containerizzato di Bilbao mosso via strada l'anno scorso, circa 70 mila Teus, proviene o è diretto verso l'area di Madrid.

Le ferrovie spagnole, almeno così sembrerebbe, potrebbero avere ancora molta strada da fare per essere competitive nei confronti della strada, ma ora come ora si stanno già riprendendo bene, e riceveranno senza alcun dubbio una spinta ulteriore quando verrà aperto il collegamento ferroviario ad alta velocità con la Francia nel 2004. Fino ad allora non ci resta che aspettare.
(da: Containerisation International, Giugno 2001)


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Odessa
Ten dead on board a ship leaving the port of Odessa
Today a new attack on a ship in the Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
The product tanker Kavomaleas of the Greek company Dynacom Tankers Management caught fire
Confitarma disappointed by the Commission's proposal to revise the EU ETS
Rome
Zanetti: The notable absentee is the competitiveness of the Italian and European shipping industry.
ALIS: Commission's proposals on the EU ETS are positive, but serious issues remain.
Rome
MIT adopts cold ironing guidelines
Rome
The aim is to ensure clear, uniform and transparent criteria for all Port System Authorities.
In the first half of the year, cruise traffic at GPH port terminals grew by +10.1%
Istanbul
In the second quarter alone the increase was +2.8%
Western Liguria Port Authority approves 2026 budget update
Genoa
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
Assiterminal clarifies its doubts about the responsibilities assigned to Porti d'Italia Spa.
Genoa
ABB buys British Rotork
Zurich/London
The Bath-based company specializes in flow control and industrial automation.
Central Adriatic Port Authority refinances €100 million from the Infrastructure Decree
Ancona
The funds concern seven strategic interventions of the port system
Container traffic at the Port of Los Angeles increased by 3.4% in the first half of 2026.
Los Angeles
In the second quarter, growth was +11.5%
IMO and ITF call for an end to attacks on seafarers and transport workers
London
Resurgence of incidents in the Black Sea, Sea of Azov and the Strait of Hormuz region
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong grew by 0.2% in the second quarter of 2026.
Hong Kong
An increase of +6.5% was recorded in June
Uiltrasporti is strongly opposed to the establishment of Porti d'Italia Spa
Rome
Verzari and Gulli: the AdSPs must be coordinated by a public body that can protect port workers
CMPort sets new monthly, quarterly and half-yearly container traffic records
Hong Kong
In the first half of 2026, 78.3 million were moved (+4.6%)
In the first half of this year, the port of Singapore handled 22.7 million containers (+4.7%)
Singapore
Historic record for half-year bunker sales
Container traffic at the Port of Long Beach increased by 10.3% in the second quarter.
Long Beach
Growth of +1.7% was recorded in the first half of 2026
The new board of directors of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane has been appointed.
Rome
Tommaso Tanzilli confirmed as president. Gianpiero Strisciuglio is the new CEO.
Port of Gioia Tauro: tender launched for completion of dredging activities
Gioia Tauro
The expected duration of the contract is 60 days
In the first half of 2026, cargo traffic in Turkish ports was 279.1 million tonnes (+1.5%)
Ankara
Cargoes with Italy alone amounted to 23.4 million tons (-2.5%)
The first steel cutting of the Carnival Destiny cruise ship.
Monfalcone
Fincantieri and Carnival celebrate the thirtieth anniversary of their collaboration
NatPower Marine acquires Aqua superPower to accelerate the electrification of ports and marinas
Monk
It operates the largest international network of electric charging points in Europe.
European Logistics Observatory established
Brussels
The aim is to strengthen the competitiveness, resilience and sustainability of European logistics.
Agreement reached at Mimit with JSW to relaunch the Piombino steelworks
Rome/Livorno
Gariglio: Strengthening integration between port docks and industrial areas
Agreement between Fincantieri and the Croatian shipyards Brodotrogir Cruise and Iskra Shipyard
Trieste
Initiative within the framework of the two-corvette program promoted by the Croatian Ministry of Defence
Evergreen, Yang Ming and WHL return to quarterly revenue growth
Keelung/Taipei
Four consecutive quarters of decline behind us
Project for a direct rail link between the port of Gioia Tauro and the Interporto D'Abruzzo
Pescara
PSA Genova Pra', the state of agitation has been lifted following the successful completion of the cooling procedure.
Genoa
Tax fraud on labor in the logistics sector
Milan
€28 million seized from four Milanese companies
ZPMC Delivers New Ultra-High Wind-Resistant Port Cranes
Shanghai
The world's tallest rail-mounted reach stackers for empty containers have also been built.
Peninsula and Itochu form joint venture to supply ammonia bunkering to European ports
Gibraltar
The initiative in response to the growing demand for zero-carbon fuels
Konecranes announced its entry into Japan
Helsinki/Tokyo
Acquisition of 70% of Mitsubishi Electric FA Industrial Products
Saipem wins $2 billion contract in Indonesia
Milan
Seven IMO regional coordinators have been introduced who will provide technical support to the organisation's Member States.
London
Jadrolinija has inaugurated its new fast maritime service Ancona-Zadar
Ancona/Zara
It provides five departures per week and a crossing of approximately four hours.
Hapag-Lloyd to reorganize services in the Adriatic
Hamburg
The port of Ancona, removed from the ADX line, will continue to be served by the IAS service
Eleven nominations for the eighteenth edition of the ESPO Award
Brussels
This year's theme is dual-use port-city projects
Jotun COSCO Marine Coatings signs agreement with COSCO Shipping Bulk for 125 new vessels
Sandefjord
Advanced hull performance solutions will be implemented
Maersk issues first order for new containers produced in India
Copenhagen
Local production has been stimulated by the introduction of incentives
Last May, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna grew by +3.4%
Ravenna
An increase of +10.6% is expected in June
Sardinia's Port Authority spent approximately €157 million in PNRR funds
Cagliari
Achievement of the targets expected by June 30, 2026
Hannibal will inaugurate a new intermodal service from Melzo to Rotterdam Europoort on July 8th.
Melzo
Six weekly trains are scheduled that will be able to carry up to 38 cargo units
PSA to build and operate container terminal at Vietnam's Lach Huyen port
Singapore
Agreement with Lach Huyen International Logistics & Industrial Park
Sandro Bucchioni and Andrea Fontana confirmed as presidents of the La Spezia freight forwarders and maritime agents.
La Spezia
New two-year mandate
Konecranes has acquired the nuclear and port services segment of Spain's Coapsa.
Hyvinkää
The company has an annual turnover of approximately four million euros.
PSA Italy presented its 2025 Sustainability Report
Genoa
The document highlights, among other things, the employment data and the economic impact on the territory
The Central-Northern Adriatic Port Authority confirms the completion of the projects financed by the PNRR
Ravenna
Mirco Carloni has taken office as president of the Central Adriatic Port System Authority.
Ancona
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the new PCTC Grande Oriente
Naples
It will be placed on the Asia-Europe route
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
The conference "EU-Mercosur Agreement: The Role of the Maritime Economy" will be held in Genoa on July 1st.
Genoa
It is organized by the Casa America ETS Foundation and the Western Liguria Port Authority
The Federagenti assembly will be held in Civitavecchia on July 3rd.
Rome
Pessina: We will not discuss regulations, community relations, or the pursuit of theories and bureaucracy, but rather the challenges of Italian port infrastructure.
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Govt does not interfere in port management appointments - Loke
(Bernama)
World's first floating fusion reactor-powered vessel could become reality with new project
(Interesting Engineering)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
The Central Adriatic Port Authority announces that it has achieved its objectives under the PNRR
Ancona
Port of La Spezia: 60 Sea Log workers rehired by other port companies
La Spezia
Pisano (AdSP): very satisfied with the positive conclusion of this dispute
A workshop on cold ironing and related risks and insurance solutions will be held in London.
London
Rossi (ADVANT-Nctm): effective infrastructure development must necessarily take into account legal and insurance aspects
Fincantieri signs an agreement in Albania for shipbuilding training.
Trieste
Skills development for the growth of the new Pashaliman naval industrial hub
Reorganization of ro-pax traffic areas in the port of Catania
Catania
Ferries will no longer be moored on the central jetty or along the eastern breakwater
Maersk raises fiscal 2026 forecast
Copenhagen
Continued growth in demand for containerized shipping and increased spot rates
Green light for the awarding of railway shunting services in the ports of Savona and Vado
New trucking area in the port of Genoa
The Italian Ports Association will hold its assembly in Naples on Wednesday.
Rome
The discussion on port governance reform will be at the heart of the proceedings.
Registration for seafarers' registers is now open to non-EU citizens residing in Italy.
Genoa
Vidotto (Foundation of the Italian Merchant Marine Academy): a step towards civilization
Project to build shipyard in Tartous port expected to accelerate
Damascus
Meeting between a delegation from Kuzey Star Shipyard and the leaders of the Syrian General Authority for Ports and Customs
Port of Gioia Tauro: Work to reactivate hauling and launching operations has been completed.
Gioia Tauro
These operations had been at a standstill since 2024
The conference "EU-Mercosur Agreement: The Role of the Maritime Economy" will take place in Genoa on July 1st.
Genoa
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