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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XIX - Number 7-8/2001 - JULY/AUGUST 2001

Trasporto ferroviario

Tutto cambia in Spagna

La Spagna è l'unico Paese ad avere infrastrutture ferroviarie differenti dal resto dell'Europa, e in tal modo il trasporto via treno intraeuropeo risulta essere molto più difficoltoso. Ma un collegamento ferroviario standard ad alta velocità è pronto per essere aperto tra la Francia e la Spagna nel 2004, e questo evento potrebbe segnare l'inizio di una nuova era per il trasporto su treni nel Paese. Nel frattempo sono stati studiati altri sistemi per migliorare il trasporto intermodale.

Barcellona può essere considerato un porto d'importanza mondiale, ma le sue chances di diventare una delle principali porte d'accesso per l'Europa dipendono grandemente dalla sua abilità di migliorare i collegamenti ferroviari con il resto del Continente.

Dato che la Spagna trasporta su binari ferroviari di misure differenti dal resto dell'Europa, non è per niente facile. Tutto l'equipaggiamento ferroviario deve essere cambiato al confine settentrionale con la Francia, non solo le locomotive e i conducenti. Questo comprende trasferire i carichi da un vagone ferroviario di un tipo a un altro di tipo differente, con conseguenti problemi nella gestione della fluidità del flusso di merci.

Come risultato, tenendo conto anche delle lunghe distanze coinvolte, la maggioranza del traffico da e per l'Europa del Nord è movimentato ancora su gomma, e i servizi intermodali domestici sono abbandonati a se stessi. In altri Paesi, i treni merci locali sono diventati la base delle movimentazioni del traffico combinato nazionale e intraeuropeo.

Per dimostrare il punto, solo circa il 5% del traffico dell'hinterland di Barcellona attualmente si muove via ferrovia, comparato al 10-15% di quello dei porti di Amburgo/Le Havre dove le distanze però sono anche più brevi e pertanto più adatte al trasporto su gomma. In più, la maggior parte del traffico ferroviario spagnolo si muove sull'arteria di 620km tra Barcellona e Madrid, e tra i porti di Barcellona e Valencia.

Però, quale parte di un'iniziativa dell'Unione Europea di più vasta portata nell'ottica di un miglioramento del trasporto ferroviario attraverso l'Europa, un nuovo collegamento ferroviario standard sarà aperto nel 2004 tra Perpignan (Francia) e Madrid via Barcellona, che modificherà il background in maniera radicale.

Lo sviluppo deve essere visto nel contesto di un'apertura del network ferroviario dell'Unione Europea agli operatori privati per il 2007. Come spiega Kirsten Sterner, consigliere della Commissione Europea, questa situazione non deve sfuggire dalle mani.

Assieme a tariffe ferroviarie d'accesso più competitive, rappresenterà una minaccia per l'intera comunità internazionale di trasporto stradale, specialmente per le distanze coinvolte. Qualunque spedizione che preveda un viaggio superiore a una giornata in durata richiede almeno due guidatori o una dispendiosa sosta notturna. In più, l'accesso ai veicoli commerciali pesanti alla Francia è vietato di solito durante i weekends.

Per spianare la strada a questo sviluppo si stanno facendo piccoli passi, e tra questi l'apertura di un nuovo porto a Coslava, appena fuori da Madrid. José-Ignacio Aguada, direttore del settore commerciale della Teco (Transporte Combinado), business unit intermodale della compagnia statale Renfe, così commenta: "Sebbene il terminal sia aperto solo da poco, sta già fornendo molta capacità ferroviaria extra a Madrid. In più, siccome si trova al di fuori della città, evita un sacco di congestioni stradali all'interno della città stessa".

La Teco ora fornisce un servizio giornaliero per Coslava da Barcellona, in aggiunta a due altri servizi giornalieri già presenti per il terminal di Abronigal nel centro di Madrid. In ogni caso, si offrono partenze per un determinato giorno A e arrivi in un altro giorno B. dice Aguada; "In generale tutti i nostri servizi domestici lavorano con una base hub and spoke da e per Madrid con tempi di transito A/B".

La Renfe, che in un paio d'anni potrebbe essere privatizzata, stima che le sue tariffe ferroviarie siano del 15% circa più contenute rispetto a quelle stradali, a seconda della distanza coinvolta e dell'ammontare di trasporto stradale necessario successivamente. Complessivamente l'anno scorso ha movimentato poco più di 900 mila Teus, di cui solo un terzo era traffico internazionale.

Sebbene non fossero disponibili dati precisi, secondo la maggior parte delle fonti industriali il traffico intermodale tra l'Europa del Nord e la Spagna è in costante crescita e nuovi operatori door-to-door stanno sistematicamente facendo il loro ingresso nel mercato.

Uno di questi operatori è la Contship Overland, società con sede principale in Gran Bretagna, una divisione di trasporto inland della Contship Containerlines. Gavin Roser, amministratore delegato della compagnia, così commenta: "Il mercato intermodale tra Gran Bretagna e Spagna sta crescendo in parte a causa del puro business intraeuropeo, ma anche per il livello sempre peggiore di congestionamento di traffico stradale in Europa. Sebbene il trasporto stradale sia molto più veloce, è anche molto più costoso e sta diventando sempre più inaffidabile".

La Contship Overland è meglio conosciuta per i suoi servizi tra Gran Bretagna e Italia, dove correntemente movimenta all'incirca 600 Teus a settimana. I suoi servizi verso la Spagna, che sono iniziati solamente nel Giugno 2000, sono gestiti attraverso i servizi giornalieri della ACI nel Canale della Manica tra cinque depositi in Gran Bretagna e a Perpignan in Francia. La Contship Overland ha la sua propria flotta di containers, compresi pallet-wide boxes di 45ft.

Continua Roser: "per i problemi di passaggio ferroviario tra Francia e Spagna, la consegna locale da e per Perpignan è per la maggioranza gestita via camion, comprese le consegne per Barcellona e Madrid. È molto più veloce e affidabile. Questo scenario potrà anche evolversi e mutare dopo l'apertura nel 2004 del nuovo collegamento ferroviario, ma si aggirerà questo ostacolo solamente al momento opportuno". I tempi di transito tra Daventry in Gran Bretagna e Barcellona è dato come day A/C, e dalla Scozia come day A/D.

La Contship Overland gestisce il suo servizio spagnolo con la Witty SA di Barcellona, e già è molto forte nel commercio con le isole mediterranee delle Baleari. Però la maggior parte del traffico tra Spagna e resto dell'Europa è soprattutto settentrionale, e comprende prodotti come frutta, materiali in ceramica e bevande alcoliche, quali lo sherry.

È interessante notare che la Transfea, specialista dell'intermodalità in Spagna, ha un solo modo di trattare con il problema delle ferrovie al confine franco-spagnolo. Invece di effettuare dei laboriosi cambi di vagoni, essa fornisce il suo proprio equipaggiamento con parti intercambiabili. Di solito consistono di due vagoni. All'arrivo al confine spagnolo ogni vagone è sollevato e le ruote sono riassettate per avere un perfetto fit con i nuovi binari.

Sebbene l'operazione sia piuttosto veloce in sé, in quanto richiede solo un paio d'ore, richiede prima un sacco di preparazione. La Transfea gestisce soprattutto veicoli a motore o parti di essi di grandi dimensioni e traffico di rinfuse.

La Intercontainer-Interfrigo (ICF), il maggiore operatore europeo su ferrovie, invece continua a voler cambiare tutto l'equipaggiamento al confine, eccetto pochi traffici nel corridoio di Barcellona. Essa offre una vasta gamma di servizi ferroviari mediante i suoi terminals hub a Metz (Francia), Port-Bou (a Sud di Perpignan, sulla costa del Mediterraneo) e Irun (costa Atlantica, a Sud di Biarritz). Ora come ora fa viaggiare cinque treni merci ogni settimana sulla prima strada e tre sulla seconda. Questi si connettono con i servizi della Renfe da e per tutte le destinazioni della Spagna.

Alan Bennet, manager di divisione per la ICF per i servizi in questione, commenta così: "In generale offriamo consegne del tipo day A/C sulla maggior parte delle strade utilizzando questi hubs, così ci sentiamo più che competitivi con gli altri operatori. L'anno scorso abbiamo trasportato un totale di 70-75 mila Teus in entrambe le direzioni".

Continua: "Difficile è fare un confronto tra le performances attuali e quelle degli anni passati a causa del significativo impatto che alcuni dei più grossi veicoli a motore possono avere sui volumi complessivi. Al momento presente non ne trasportiamo tra l'altro moltissimi anche perché offrono un margine assai ridotto, e pertanto i nostri traffici potrebbero sembrare in declino". I principali competitors dell'impresa su questo segmento di mercato sono la Transfea, la Novatrans e la Kombiverkehr.

Come detto precedentemente, i servizi domestici intermodali danno un piccolo sostegno al traffico intraeuropeo, che così deve mantenersi in piedi da solo. Ciononostante la maggior parte del traffico tra Barcellona e Madrid si muove via treno, e lo fa dalle principali porte d'accesso alla Regione, ossia Bilbao e Valencia.

Miguel Duro, shipment manager della P&O Nedlloyd (P&=N) a Barcellona, osserva: "In generale, la maggior parte del nostro traffico da e per Madrid si muove su ferrovia. Il traffico dovrebbe crescere ora che il porto di Coslava è stato aperto, vi sarà meno congestione e un servizio Teco giornaliero che si muoverà direttamente dai terminal containers del porto".

Secondo l'opinione di Duro, la maggior parte dei vettori oceanici negoziano normalmente contratti di trasporto annuali con Teco. La P&ON movimenta i suoi traffici soprattutto tra Barcellona e Valencia via ferrovia.

Continua poi: "Altri due servizi della Teco da e per Abronigal a Madrid viaggiano via Morrot, appena al di fuori di Barcellona, e non direttamente per il terminal containers, mettendoci così più tempo. Dall'altro lato, si deve dire che Coslava è un nuovo terminal che deve ancora mettersi alla prova, con particolare riguardo per le procedure di sdoganamento. Alcuni spedizionieri, dal canto loro, preferiscono ancora trattare con i propri uffici stanziati a Abronigal".

Duro dice anche che mentre i servizi della Teco si stanno migliorando, la compagnia potrebbe fare ancora molto di più per venire incontro alle esigenze della sua clientela. Dice pertanto: "Per esempio, il collegamento ferroviario di Renfe appena al di fuori da Barcellona non è controllato da Teco. Se qualcosa va storto laggiù a volte non è possibile ricevere delle informazioni accurate che potrebbero essere utili a risolvere il problema".

Dall'altro lato, John O'Sullivan, direttore commerciale della Andrew Weir Shipping, afferma che il servizio della Teco tra Bilbao e Madrid, l'altra principale arteria di traffico, funziona molto bene: la ragione risiede nel fatto che la Mac Andrews con i suoi servizi è divenuta al maggiore cliente.

Spiega altresì: "Noi procuriamo un servizio door-to-door dalla Gran Bretagna utilizzando le nostre barche per la parte di tratto marittimo. Per competere con le tratte tuttostrada, molto più veloci, ma anche più costose, dobbiamo garantire una maggiore affidabilità, e non solo per quanto concerne il tratto marittimo. Per questo motivo, negli anni il nostro ufficio a Bilbao ha costruito una stretta relazione di networking con tutte le divisioni della Renfe, perché sanno che se noi non riusciamo a impadronirci del business, probabilmente non ce la faranno nemmeno loro".

Cosa molto interessante, circa il 16% del traffico containerizzato di Bilbao mosso via strada l'anno scorso, circa 70 mila Teus, proviene o è diretto verso l'area di Madrid.

Le ferrovie spagnole, almeno così sembrerebbe, potrebbero avere ancora molta strada da fare per essere competitive nei confronti della strada, ma ora come ora si stanno già riprendendo bene, e riceveranno senza alcun dubbio una spinta ulteriore quando verrà aperto il collegamento ferroviario ad alta velocità con la Francia nel 2004. Fino ad allora non ci resta che aspettare.
(da: Containerisation International, Giugno 2001)


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Wärtsilä sees quarterly order increases, but not in the Marine segment
Helsinki
In the period July-September the company recorded a net profit of 125 million euros (-31%)
Montaresi appointed general secretary of the Eastern Ligurian Sea Port Authority for another four years.
La Spezia
Renewal of office on the proposal of President Pisano
Double ceremony for two Explora Journeys ships at the Fincantieri shipyard in Genoa
Genoa
Launch of "Explora V" and coin ceremony of "Explora VI"
Italian CMD passes under the control of the UAE group EDGE
Abu Dhabi/Rome
Cousins Mariano and Giorgio Negri retain a significant shareholding
The Northern Tyrrhenian Port Authority presents the new layout of the port of Piombino.
Livorno
Gariglio: A concrete step towards industrial reconversion and the future of Piombino.
FS Logistix has purchased six new CZ LOKO locomotives for freight and shunting services
Rome/Prague
This is the fourth order of this type for the Czech company in ten years.
Port of Bremerhaven: The cruise ship Mein Schiff 3 collided with two container ships.
Bremen
No injuries. The cruise was canceled.
Paolo Moretti has been appointed CEO of RINA Spa.
Genoa
Giosuè Vezzuto has assumed the role of CEO of RINA Services
HD Hyundai and Kiewit to establish joint venture at new shipyard in the US
Houston/Seoul
The construction of both military and commercial vessels is planned
Konecranes' quarterly port equipment orders decline as revenue increases
Helsinki
Kuehne+Nagel's third quarter was very positive
Schindellegi
Growth in economic and operating results in all business segments
Wildcat's race for US defense: exclusive agreement with historic Fraser shipyard
Superior
The Miami Beach fund's operation is part of the government's plan to relaunch the American shipbuilding industry.
Port of Ancona: First single ZES authorization issued
Ancona
A three million euro investment in yacht construction has been unblocked.
Access to the port of Ravenna is authorized for vessels with a maximum draft of 11.00 meters.
Ravenna
Benevolent: it is a fundamental step for the economic and strategic development of the airport
Port of Genoa extends food inspection authorization to PSA SECH terminal
Genoa
The provision of the Ministry of Health expands the categories of products that can be subjected to control
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
On Thursday, the Unione Interporti Riuniti will present the ELODIE project at the Chamber of Deputies.
Rome
The aim is to create a digital federation of interports
ABB reports record orders of $12 billion in the third quarter.
Zurich
Revenues and profits also increased, while the group announced a joint venture with Mitsubishi Electric
In the third quarter of 2026, containers in the port of Barcelona decreased by -9.2%
Barcelona
The decline was driven by a 19.9% reduction in transhipment traffic.
COSCO Shipping Ports terminals set new quarterly container throughput record
Hong Kong
In the period July-September also volumes handled by CMPort
In August, the ports of Western Liguria handled 5.2 million tons of goods (+1.6)
Genoa
In Genoa, an increase of +6.1% was recorded, while Savona-Vado Ligure suffered a decrease of -10.0%.
Raben Italy opens a new warehouse in Pomezia
Milan
The goal is to consolidate the positioning and territorial expansion in road transport
Port of La Spezia signs agreement to develop blue economy and security projects
La Spezia
It was signed by the AdSP and the Foundation of the National Centre of the Underwater Dimension
The Port of Long Beach celebrates new monthly container throughput record
Long Beach
New all-time high also in the July-September quarter
The tender for the partial demolition of the North Pier of the Port of Ancona has been launched.
Ancona
The intervention includes the regularization of the relevant seabeds
HMM invests over $1.6 billion for 12 new container ships
Busan
By 2029, the delivery of eight 13,000 TEU vessels, three 2,800 TEU vessels and one 1,700 TEU vessel
Paolo Pessina confirmed as president of Federagenti
Rome
Unanimous vote of the Federation assembly
Negotiations have begun to renew the single collective bargaining agreement for the shipping industry.
Rome
The parties have agreed on a busy schedule of meetings
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong grew by 15.1% in the third quarter
Hong Kong
In September the increase was +25.0%
Maritime training: Appeal to the Regional Administrative Court (TAR) against the Port Authority's fee hike
Rome
ANIFORMAR, CONFORMAR, and 15 training centers challenge the MIT-MEF decree: increases reach up to 149.3%.
The Spinelli Group has opened a new empty container depot in Novi Ligure.
Genoa
Investment worth 14 million euros
Rhenus integrates its logistics services into a single hub at the Padua Interporto.
Padua
The site will bring together road transport, air and sea freight, warehousing and specialized services
A truck driver dies at the Cagliari canal port.
Cagliari
He would have been crushed by a load of large pipes
Maritime labor, Confitarma is concerned about the uncertainty arising from the Revenue Agency's interpretative stance.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries plans to expand shipbuilding capacity
Tokyo
The company plans to invest 100 billion yen
Trasportounito: The government is crazy if it thinks the road haulage crisis can be solved on its own.
Rome
Application of the diesel cost adjustment clause urged
Emanuele Grimaldi is the new president of the Malta International Shipowners Association.
Valletta
She takes over from Marily Frangista, who has been leading the association since April 2022.
The fourth edition of Green Logitics Expo kicks off tomorrow morning in Padua.
Padua
It will see the participation of over 300 exhibitors and the holding of 30 conference events
In the third quarter of this year, cargo traffic in Turkish ports decreased by -1.1%.
Ankara
Volumes to and from Italy grew by +6.2%
Assiterminal, the flexibility of the PRPs should take into account the relevant market in which the ports operate
Genoa
Cetus Maritime plans to list on the Euronext Growth Oslo stock market
Hong Kong
Acquisition of 16 ships in preparation for listing on the stock exchange
On Saturday, a U.S. jet struck a bulk carrier in the Gulf of Oman.
Tampa
Centcom: The ship had attempted to enforce a naval blockade against Iran.
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Assologistica event to discuss the Mediterranean strategy for Italian competitiveness
Rome
It will be held next October 30th in Naples
On Thursday, the Unione Interporti Riuniti will present the ELODIE project at the Chamber of Deputies.
Rome
The aim is to create a digital federation of interports
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Cosco Shipping arm readies China IPO to capitalise on global shipbuilding wave
(South China Morning Post)
Rosatom expects cargo traffic along Northern Sea Route to rise 14% in 2026 - CEO
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Relazione del Presidente Mario Zanetti
Roma, 27 ottobre 2026
››› File
Ship hit near Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
A bullet started a fire which was later put out
OOCL reports 9.0% growth in vessel-borne volumes in the third quarter
Hong Kong
The increase in the value of maritime freight rates causes a +45.1% increase in revenues
HD Hyundai Marine Solutions to Acquire American Company Goltens Worldwide
Dubai/Seongnam
The company deals with the repair and maintenance of large marine engines and industrial machinery.
UNATRAS to the government: Immediately unblock measures to reduce diesel prices.
Rome
Road transport associations report delays and uncertainties in implementing the May 22 agreement and are calling for an urgent meeting.
Port of Taranto: Gugliotti renews his request to the government for funding for the port's wind farm.
Taranto
The project - he underlined - can neither be scaled down nor postponed.
Attack on a ship in the middle of the Persian Gulf
Southampton
The UKMTO reported that several projectiles caused casualties among the crew members.
Gioia Tauro: Addendum to the updated Port Plan approved
Gioia Tauro
The analysis will allow us to evaluate the Port Agency's employment and staffing needs.
Ships queuing, fuel wasted: how waiting at anchor can save you money.
Copenhagen
The Global Maritime Forum publishes Cargill's test results on 16 real-world voyages. Slowing down and arriving when the berth is free reduces fuel consumption and emissions.
ZIM raises full-year 2026 guidance
Haifa
Adjusted EBITDA and EBIT expected to be $2.7 billion/$3.0 billion and $1.4 billion/$1.7 billion
Gabriele Sangiorgi appointed acting secretary general of the Ravenna Port Authority.
Ravenna
Fabio Maletti's term has expired
Port of Genoa: Messina Terminal workers strike for one hour for a month
Genoa
The company reports that one of the union members did not show up at the last meeting as part of the cooling-off procedure provided for by the National Collective Labour Agreement.
Port of Taranto, agreement to participate in the development of the Valbasento Interporto in Ferrandina.
Matera/Taranto
A logistical-functional masterplan will be developed within 180 days
Attica, the deficit is reduced thanks mainly to capital gains and coverage
Kallithea
First half of the year with fewer crossings and slightly increasing revenues
Since the beginning of the year, passengers and goods on GNV ships have increased by +2% and +5%
Marrakech
Three-year strategic partnership with the Office National Marocain du Tourisme
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