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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVI - Number 9/98 - SEPTEMBER 1998

Ports

La ripresa dei porti cinesi

Per molti anni, i porti containerizzati cinesi sono rimasti indietro rispetto a quelli dei Paesi vicini. Le infrastrutture destinate alla movimentazione dei contenitori erano alquanto rozze, la produttività era bassa ed i volumi di traffico containerizzato erano modesti in relazione alle dimensioni del Paese.

Gli anni '90, tuttavia, hanno fatto registrare un clamoroso cambiamento.

Il traffico containerizzato è aumentato e presso diversi porti cinesi si è vista una delle crescite più rapide del mondo degli ultimi tempi. Sono state spese grosse somme di denaro, per lo più da parte di organismi cinesi locali e regionali in partecipazioni ad investimenti privati esteri, al fine di rammodernare le attrezzature per la movimentazione ed espanderne la relativa capacità.

Il ritmo dello sviluppo è così rapido, e centrato su così tanti porti diversi, che vi sono timori che il pendolo possa indirizzarsi verso la direzione opposta. In questo momento ci si domanda se adesso la capacità di movimentazione dei carichi non ecceda la domanda di un margine troppo ampio.

Huang Zhendong, ministro delle comunicazioni cinese, recentemente ha suggerito che la costruzione dei terminals contenitori in alcune zone del Paese sta procedendo in modo tale da poter comportare un eccesso di offerta. Secondo quanto riporta la stampa cinese, il ministro ha dichiarato che la gran mole delle costruzioni in atto lungo la costa ed i principali corsi d'acqua cinesi sta dissipando le risorse. Egli ha affermato che si stanno verificando frequentemente dei doppioni di infrastrutture, il che comporta una concorrenza selvaggia ed il pericolo di sotto-utilizzazione. Città e province lungo il fiume Yangtse si sono ritrovate in situazioni particolarmente critiche, le cui condizioni sono state descritte come "caotiche".

Si dice che Huang abbia fatto notare come lungo lo Yangtse, da Nanjing a Wusongkou, vi siano ora 106 ormeggi per navi di più di 10.000 tonnellate di stazza lorda. Anche i porti della Regione Autonoma di Guangxi Zhuang e della Provincia di Guangdong sono stati biasimati. Il ministro ha dichiarato che entrambe le regioni hanno notevoli problemi causati dal troppo denaro speso dalle autorità locali in programmi di espansione eccessivamente ambiziosi.

Vi sono porti, peraltro, in cui gli investimenti necessitano di un incremento. A Shanghai, ad esempio, i risultati attesi dei contenitori supereranno i tre milioni di TEU nel 2000. Nel 1997, il porto ha movimentato 2,52 milioni di TEU. Per questa ragione, sono in corso di sviluppo altre infrastrutture nelle immediate prossimità di Shanghai allo scopo di servire la domanda futura.

Nell'ambito del porto, la SCTL (Shanghai Container Terminals Limited) ha lavorato 1,76 milioni di TEU, con un aumento del 22,2% rispetto agli 1,44 milioni di TEU movimentati nel 1996.

La SCTL, che è un'associazione commerciale tra la Shanghai Port Container Comprehensive Development Co e la HPH (Hutchison Port Holdings), continua ad ampliare la propria capacità al fine di far fronte al sostenuto incremento delle attività containerizzate. Due nuove gru da banchina bordo-costa verranno consegnate quest'anno, unitamente a 15 trattori da terminal.

Altrove, la WPA (Wai Gaoqiao Port Area), che gestita dall'Ufficio Portuale di Shanghai, è in fase di espansione mediante l'aggiunta di tre nuovi ormeggi, per complessivi 900 metri di lunghezza. La loro ultimazione è prevista per il settembre 1999 e comporterà un impulso della capacità fino a circa 600.000 TEU all'anno. Un ulteriore programma di espansione aggiungerà un altro molo da 300 metri per il 2000/2001.

I terminals della zona di Shanghai trarranno anche beneficio dal programma di dragaggio da 350 milioni di dollari ora in corso alla bocca dello Yangtze. Questi lavori aumenteranno la profondità del canale che conduce al porto di Shanghai da 7 ad 8,5 metri. Per il 2010, si spera che il canale possa essere stato dragato sino alla profondità navigabile di 12,5 metri.

Ningbo serve un hinterland simile a quello di Shanghai, ma nel 1997 ha movimentato solo circa 250.000 TEU. La ragione principale è stata la carenza di infrastrutture interne, sebbene i collegamenti autostradali recentemente completati abbiano notevolmente migliorato la sua situazione. Il porto sta altresì espandendo le proprie infrastrutture presso il complesso Beilun Container Terminal.

I porti della regione di Shenzen, nella Cina meridionale, hanno movimentato approssimativamente 1,1 milioni di TEU nel 1997, con un aumento del 95% rispetto ai risultati del 1996.

Nella regione occidentale del Delta del Fiume delle Perle, Shekou ha movimentato 290.000 TEU, con un aumento del 111% e Chiwan 210.000 TEU (+115%). Yantian, che è situato ad est di Hong Kong, ha movimentato 638.000 TEU, con un balzo del 95%.

Lo SCT (Shekou Container Terminals) ha realizzato uno dei migliori risultati della regione, avendo movimentato 210.000 TEU, con un incremento del 133% rispetto alle cifre del 1996 (91.000 TEU). La dirigenza è estremamente ottimista per il 1998 e prevede una ulteriore notevole crescita fino a 400.000 TEU.

Nel 1997 ed all'inizio di quest'anno, lo SCT ha investito in nuove attrezzature e sistemi per la movimentazione per un totale di 14 milioni di dollari. Questo programma comprende nuovo hardware e il software Navis per la gestione del terminal, la pianificazione delle navi e le funzioni correlate. Sono state inoltre acquistate altre RTG dalla capacità di 42 tonnellate, unitamente a combinazioni di macchinario costituito da elevatori a forca e trattori.

Prima della fine del 1998, lo SCT prenderà in consegna altre due gru da banchina post-Panamax, portando a sei il numero delle gru a cavalletto bordo-costa presso il terminal. Verranno altresì acquistate altre due RTG ed altri sei trattori.

Ancor più significativo sarà il collegamento EDI tra lo SCT e le Dogane di Guangdong, che presto dovrebbe entrare in funzione.

Lo YICT (Yantian International Container Terminals) - che fa parte della HPH - ha, come lo SCT, conseguito una notevole crescita negli ultimi due anni. Nel 1997, il risultato è stato di 638.000 TEU, con un aumento dell'80,5% rispetto ai 353.509 TEU movimentati nel 1996, e (cifra impressionante) del 600% rispetto al 1995. Nel 1997, lo YICT ha movimentato approssimativamente il 56% della produzione containeristica complessiva di Shenzen.

Sono state ordinate sette gru da banchina bordo-costa - due alla MES (Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding) in Giappone, due alla Hyundai Heavy Industries in Sud Corea e tre alla Zhenhua Engineering in Cina. Inoltre, la MES dovrebbe consegnare nell'immediato futuro 12 RTG, mentre la Zhenhua dovrebbe fare lo stesso con due RTG.

E' in corso la Fase II del programma di sviluppo dello YICT. Esso riguarda la costruzione di tre ormeggi per contenitori in grado di movimentare navi fino a 80.000 tonnellate di stazza lorda nonché la conversione di un ormeggio multipurpose ad operazioni completamente containerizzate. Il primo ormeggio di quest'area dovrebbe essere completato entro il mese di settembre, mentre l'intero progetto sarà portato a termine entro l'agosto 1999.

Una volta ultimata la Fase Due, lo YICT disporrà di sei ormeggi containerizzati e di una capacità produttiva annua pari a più di due milioni di TEU.

Lo YICT si è costruito una impressionante base clientelare ed è attrezzato per conservare un elevato ritmo di crescita nei prossimi anni. La Grand Alliance, la New World Alliance e la Maersk/Sea-Land hanno complessivamente 11 servizi di linea settimanali che fanno scalo a Yantian nell'ambito delle proprie operazioni Asia/Europa ed Asia/Nord America.

Il KFT (Shenzen Kaifeng Terminal Co), che include un'altra società costituita da un'associazione commerciale sino-straniera, sostenuta dalla Chiwan Wharf Holdings Limited, dalla Top Glory Holdings (HK) Limited e dalla Kerry Holdings (HK), è situato all'estremità della penisola Nantou, in prossimità di Shekou.

Anche questa infrastruttura si è giovata di un rapido incremento dei volumi di traffico containerizzato, dal momento che i suoi risultati del 1997, pari a 150.212 TEU, rappresentano un aumento del 203% rispetto ai livelli del 1996.

Attualmente, il KFT include due ormeggi per una lunghezza totale di 650 metri, ma un altro molo (il n. 11) è in costruzione. Inoltre, è stato stipulato un contratto per l'acquisto di due gru a cavalletto da banchina e di tre RTG. Secondo il KFT, il nuovo equipaggiamento sarà consegnato nel corso dei mesi di settembre/ottobre.

A più lungo termine, i piani di sviluppo del porto prevedono la costruzione di altri due ormeggi containerizzati (12 e 13), anche se la costruzione di questi ultimi potrà essere affidata solamente allorquando il livello dei traffici lo richiederà.

Tra i principali clienti del KFT vi sono la CMA, la Norasia Line/Mediterranean Shipping Co e diversi operatori di navi di raccordo.

La crescita di questi porti della Cina meridionale potrebbe alla fine costituite una minaccia al dominio di Hong Kong ed il riconoscimento di questo fatto potrebbe stare dietro alla decisione della MTL (Modern Terminals Limited), con sede a Hong Kong, di impegnarsi nella gestione dello SCT.

La gestione congiunta di Shekou da parte della MTL e della P&O Ports è stata annunciata di recente ed è in atto dal 1° giugno scorso; nella regione in questione, sono in fase di trattativa altri accordi del genere. La MTL vorrebbe mettere in atto delle sinergie tra le proprie operazioni a Hong Kong e Shekou. La società ritiene altresì che vi sia un'esigenza di consolidamento, di modo che un singolo operatore colleghi tutti i porti occidentali di Shenzen. Qui il fattore comune è rappresentato dalla China Merchants, che possiede quote azionarie dello SCT, del KFT e della MTL tramite varie società. Potenzialmente, questi vari organismi potrebbero essere ristrutturati, per poi fare capo ad una società operativa terminalistica specializzata. Alla MTL piacerebbe tanto essere quella società.

Già ben affermata nell'area del Delta del Fiume delle Perle, con una fila di porti sotto la sua gestione, è la Hutchison Delta Ports. La società che costituisce una unità operativa della HPH, fa parte di un'associazione commerciale presso tre porti fluviali, Nanhai, Jiuzhou e Jiangmen, nonché tre infrastrutture costiere, Gaolan, Shantou e, fuori dall'area del Delta, Xiamen.

Nel 1997, Xiamen e Shantou sono diventate operative, mentre è stato commissionato il secondo stadio della fase uno del progetto portuale di Nanhai.

La Xiamen International Container Terminals rappresenta l'unico porto di una certa profondità di pescaggio della Zona Economica Speciale di Xiamen ed è in grado di movimentare navi post-Panamax. Al momento, sono in servizio 500 metri di ormeggio equipaggiato con quattro gru bordo-costa e cinque RTG.

Lo Shantou International Container Terminal è la prima infrastruttura dedicata ai containers del porto ed è attualmente attrezzata con tre gru a cavalletto bordo-costa e sei RTG.

Un altro operatore che si sta assicurando un sentiero d'accesso alla rete portuale containerizzata cinese è la PSA Corp, che partecipa ad iniziative commerciali presso i porti di Dalian, Nantong, Taicang e Fuzhou.

Quest'ultimo progetto ha dato il via alle operazioni a maggio di quest'anno e comporta la gestione degli attuali terminal containers di Qingzhou e Taijiang. La PSA ed i suoi soci, inoltre, dispongono del diritto di sviluppare e far funzionare un nuovo terminal da costruire appena fuori dal Fiume Min.

Fuzhou, che unitamente a Xiamen è uno dei due porti che hanno ottenuto dal governo centrale cinese l'autorizzazione ad effettuare servizi di attraversamento dello stretto da e per Taiwan, ha conseguito una robusta crescita dei risultati relativi ai containers da quando è stata avviata le riforma e le liberalizzazione dell'economia cinese. La produzione containerizzata del 1997 è cresciuta del 27% rispetto al 1996 sino a raggiungere 224.780 TEU mentre si prevede che nel 2000 verranno movimentati 500.000 TEU.

Il progetto Dalian della PSA riguarda la gestione di quattro ormeggi, mentre un quinto dovrebbe essere commissionato per la fine del 1999. Quattro nuove gru bordo-costa per contenitori sono state recentemente consegnate al DCT (Dalian Container Terminal), che nel 1997 ha movimentato circa 450.000 TEU.

La Maersk ha una piccola quota azionaria nel DCT, come anche la locale autorità portuale ed altri operatori di Singapore.

Altrove nella Cina settentrionale, si possono citare i porti di Tianjin e Qingdao, che nel 1997 hanno movimentato entrambi circa un milione di TEU.

Qingdao ha fatto registrare negli ultimi anni prestazioni alquanto impressionanti, essendo il suo traffico containerizzato aumentato di più del 30% in ognuno degli ultimi due anni. Al fine di far fronte alla crescita futura, è in corso di realizzazione un terminal containers a tre ormeggi.

Nel frattempo a Tianjin la Sea-Land è impegnata in un'iniziativa associativa commerciale con la New World Development finalizzata alla comproprietà ed alla gestione di un'infrastruttura a tre ormeggi per la movimentazione di contenitori in costruzione presso quel porto. Annunciato in origine all'inizio del 1997, l'accordo della Sea-Land sembra essere stato intrappolato nella battaglia diplomatica tra Stati Uniti e Cina in relazione al tentativo del Congresso statunitense di bloccare un progetto terminalistico della Cosco a Long Beach.

Pertanto, con tutti questi progetti in atto e molti altri programmi verosimilmente in vista, la spinta dei porti cinesi sembra destinata a continuare.
(da: Containerisation International, luglio 1998)

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Kuehne+Nagel's third quarter was very positive
Schindellegi
Growth in economic and operating results in all business segments
Wildcat's race for US defense: exclusive agreement with historic Fraser shipyard
Superior
The Miami Beach fund's operation is part of the government's plan to relaunch the American shipbuilding industry.
Port of Ancona: First single ZES authorization issued
Ancona
A three million euro investment in yacht construction has been unblocked.
Access to the port of Ravenna is authorized for vessels with a maximum draft of 11.00 meters.
Ravenna
Benevolent: it is a fundamental step for the economic and strategic development of the airport
Port of Genoa extends food inspection authorization to PSA SECH terminal
Genoa
The provision of the Ministry of Health expands the categories of products that can be subjected to control
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
On Thursday, the Unione Interporti Riuniti will present the ELODIE project at the Chamber of Deputies.
Rome
The aim is to create a digital federation of interports
ABB reports record orders of $12 billion in the third quarter.
Zurich
Revenues and profits also increased, while the group announced a joint venture with Mitsubishi Electric
In the third quarter of 2026, containers in the port of Barcelona decreased by -9.2%
Barcelona
The decline was driven by a 19.9% reduction in transhipment traffic.
COSCO Shipping Ports terminals set new quarterly container throughput record
Hong Kong
In the period July-September also volumes handled by CMPort
In August, the ports of Western Liguria handled 5.2 million tons of goods (+1.6)
Genoa
In Genoa, an increase of +6.1% was recorded, while Savona-Vado Ligure suffered a decrease of -10.0%.
Raben Italy opens a new warehouse in Pomezia
Milan
The goal is to consolidate the positioning and territorial expansion in road transport
Port of La Spezia signs agreement to develop blue economy and security projects
La Spezia
It was signed by the AdSP and the Foundation of the National Centre of the Underwater Dimension
The Port of Long Beach celebrates new monthly container throughput record
Long Beach
New all-time high also in the July-September quarter
The tender for the partial demolition of the North Pier of the Port of Ancona has been launched.
Ancona
The intervention includes the regularization of the relevant seabeds
HMM invests over $1.6 billion for 12 new container ships
Busan
By 2029, the delivery of eight 13,000 TEU vessels, three 2,800 TEU vessels and one 1,700 TEU vessel
Paolo Pessina confirmed as president of Federagenti
Rome
Unanimous vote of the Federation assembly
Negotiations have begun to renew the single collective bargaining agreement for the shipping industry.
Rome
The parties have agreed on a busy schedule of meetings
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong grew by 15.1% in the third quarter
Hong Kong
In September the increase was +25.0%
Maritime training: Appeal to the Regional Administrative Court (TAR) against the Port Authority's fee hike
Rome
ANIFORMAR, CONFORMAR, and 15 training centers challenge the MIT-MEF decree: increases reach up to 149.3%.
The Spinelli Group has opened a new empty container depot in Novi Ligure.
Genoa
Investment worth 14 million euros
Rhenus integrates its logistics services into a single hub at the Padua Interporto.
Padua
The site will bring together road transport, air and sea freight, warehousing and specialized services
A truck driver dies at the Cagliari canal port.
Cagliari
He would have been crushed by a load of large pipes
Maritime labor, Confitarma is concerned about the uncertainty arising from the Revenue Agency's interpretative stance.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries plans to expand shipbuilding capacity
Tokyo
The company plans to invest 100 billion yen
Trasportounito: The government is crazy if it thinks the road haulage crisis can be solved on its own.
Rome
Application of the diesel cost adjustment clause urged
Emanuele Grimaldi is the new president of the Malta International Shipowners Association.
Valletta
She takes over from Marily Frangista, who has been leading the association since April 2022.
The fourth edition of Green Logitics Expo kicks off tomorrow morning in Padua.
Padua
It will see the participation of over 300 exhibitors and the holding of 30 conference events
In the third quarter of this year, cargo traffic in Turkish ports decreased by -1.1%.
Ankara
Volumes to and from Italy grew by +6.2%
Assiterminal, the flexibility of the PRPs should take into account the relevant market in which the ports operate
Genoa
Cetus Maritime plans to list on the Euronext Growth Oslo stock market
Hong Kong
Acquisition of 16 ships in preparation for listing on the stock exchange
On Saturday, a U.S. jet struck a bulk carrier in the Gulf of Oman.
Tampa
Centcom: The ship had attempted to enforce a naval blockade against Iran.
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Assologistica event to discuss the Mediterranean strategy for Italian competitiveness
Rome
It will be held next October 30th in Naples
On Thursday, the Unione Interporti Riuniti will present the ELODIE project at the Chamber of Deputies.
Rome
The aim is to create a digital federation of interports
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Cosco Shipping arm readies China IPO to capitalise on global shipbuilding wave
(South China Morning Post)
Rosatom expects cargo traffic along Northern Sea Route to rise 14% in 2026 - CEO
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Relazione del Presidente Mario Zanetti
Roma, 27 ottobre 2026
››› File
Ship hit near Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
A bullet started a fire which was later put out
OOCL reports 9.0% growth in vessel-borne volumes in the third quarter
Hong Kong
The increase in the value of maritime freight rates causes a +45.1% increase in revenues
HD Hyundai Marine Solutions to Acquire American Company Goltens Worldwide
Dubai/Seongnam
The company deals with the repair and maintenance of large marine engines and industrial machinery.
UNATRAS to the government: Immediately unblock measures to reduce diesel prices.
Rome
Road transport associations report delays and uncertainties in implementing the May 22 agreement and are calling for an urgent meeting.
Port of Taranto: Gugliotti renews his request to the government for funding for the port's wind farm.
Taranto
The project - he underlined - can neither be scaled down nor postponed.
Attack on a ship in the middle of the Persian Gulf
Southampton
The UKMTO reported that several projectiles caused casualties among the crew members.
Gioia Tauro: Addendum to the updated Port Plan approved
Gioia Tauro
The analysis will allow us to evaluate the Port Agency's employment and staffing needs.
Ships queuing, fuel wasted: how waiting at anchor can save you money.
Copenhagen
The Global Maritime Forum publishes Cargill's test results on 16 real-world voyages. Slowing down and arriving when the berth is free reduces fuel consumption and emissions.
ZIM raises full-year 2026 guidance
Haifa
Adjusted EBITDA and EBIT expected to be $2.7 billion/$3.0 billion and $1.4 billion/$1.7 billion
Gabriele Sangiorgi appointed acting secretary general of the Ravenna Port Authority.
Ravenna
Fabio Maletti's term has expired
Port of Genoa: Messina Terminal workers strike for one hour for a month
Genoa
The company reports that one of the union members did not show up at the last meeting as part of the cooling-off procedure provided for by the National Collective Labour Agreement.
Port of Taranto, agreement to participate in the development of the Valbasento Interporto in Ferrandina.
Matera/Taranto
A logistical-functional masterplan will be developed within 180 days
Attica, the deficit is reduced thanks mainly to capital gains and coverage
Kallithea
First half of the year with fewer crossings and slightly increasing revenues
Since the beginning of the year, passengers and goods on GNV ships have increased by +2% and +5%
Marrakech
Three-year strategic partnership with the Office National Marocain du Tourisme
Filt Cgil, recognize maritime and port work as arduous
Rome
The union is calling for a clear provision to be included in the next budget law.
Escola Europea - Intermodal Transport celebrates its 20th anniversary
Barcelona
A Mediterranean sea voyage between Barcelona, Civitavecchia, Palermo, and Genoa.
Tanker attacked in Hormuz
Southampton
The unit continued its navigation regularly
FS Logistix and Interporto Bologna presented the first Italian experimental DAC train
Assologistica event to discuss the Mediterranean strategy for Italian competitiveness
Rome
It will be held next October 30th in Naples
Sanilog launches a special cancer prevention campaign.
Rome
Three new areas dedicated to the prevention of head and neck and oral cavity cancers and the assessment of vascular risk
Contract awarded for dredging and completion of the electrification of the docks at the port of Gioia Tauro.
Gioia Tauro
They will be carried out respectively by Dravo and RTI Saet-Suardi
Student Naval Architect Award Awarded in Genoa
Genoa
The d'Amico Group and the Royal Institution of Naval Architects recognize excellence in naval engineering.
Freight transport is more expensive for Malta: €35 million per year between ETS, FuelEU and BAF
Zebbug
The hauliers' association calls on the government to challenge a European policy designed for the continent.
CMA CGM has finalized the acquisition of FedEx Supply Chain.
Marseille/Atlanta
With the transaction, CEVA Logistics' presence in North America has tripled.
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