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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVII - Number 3/99 - MARCH 1999

Sea Transport

La MOL mette in pratica il decentramento

Qualche anno fa, la MOL (Mitsui OSK Lines), il decimo fornitore mondiale di capacità containerizzata, ha deciso che uno dei modi per ristrutturare la propria claudicante divisione di linea poteva essere quello di decentrare, e così ha preso la decisione di avvicinare il processo produttivo alla clientela.

I conti finanziari della divisione di linea non sono distinti rispetto a quelli delle altre branche marittime della compagnia (cisterne, rinfuse, traghetti e navi da crociera), di modo che l'entità dei suoi problemi non può essere quantificata con precisione, ma si sa che il profitto operativo complessivo del settore marittimo dello scorso anno ammontava a soli 114 milioni di dollari USA rispetto ad un fatturato di 6.320 milioni di dollari. Abbastanza poco, in effetti, e le note aggiuntive ai conti annuali della compagnia facevano notare che la divisione di linea si trovava ancora una volta in una situazione di perdita.

In questo processo di decentramento sono state comprese sia le attività relative ai traffici che quelle commerciali. A Hong Kong è stata assegnata la responsabilità dell'Asia, alla California quella del Nordamerica, a Sydney quella dell'Oceania ed a Londra quella dell'Europa e dell'Africa. Alla sede californiana è stata affidata la completa responsabilità del transpacifico e dei traffici atlantici; ad altri uffici, invece, sono state semplicemente affidate le funzioni commerciali e logistiche.

Da allora la situazione si è evoluta, ma recentemente essa è stata portata all'estrema conseguenza della istituzione di un'agenzia di linea in Giappone che adesso riferisce all'ufficio regionale di Hong Kong della compagnia. Si è trattato di un passo davvero coraggioso per una compagnia di navigazione giapponese con sede a Tokyo, o soltanto del trasferimento dei costi di gestione in Paesi dai costi inferiori?

Secondo Chris Bourne, direttore esecutivo della MOL Europa, "la decisione di decentrare è stata assolutamente giusta, nonché essenziale nell'odierno clima commerciale, dal momento che i clienti sono così impegnati che non si possono permettere di indugiare in lunghi processi decisionali. Lo stesso vale per la MOL in Europa. Poiché le tariffe di trasporto merci sono andate giù, di conseguenza i costi dei tempi di vendita sono aumentati e non vediamo perché dovremmo inviare in loco dei venditori presso i clienti solo per fargli dire <spiacente, non sono in grado di rispondere alla vostra domanda, vi richiamerò una volta tornato in ufficio>. E' più razionale per noi, dal punto di vista dei costi, potenziare i nostri venditori locali al fine di far sì che si prendano più decisioni possibile sul momento".

A ciò si è aggiunta la sensazione che i dirigenti dell'ufficio commerciale in Giappone fossero troppo lontani dai mercati d'oltremare della compagnia e perciò disposti a prendere decisioni che non sempre tenevano conto le circostanze locali. Come dice Bourne, "che ne sa un dirigente che fa i prezzi in Giappone della - poniamo - Philips in Olanda, oppure noi dei clienti che trattano l'ovest in Giappone? Il nostro ufficio di Rotterdam, invece, sa tutto della Philips ed è pertanto in una situazione migliore per decidere che cosa dovremmo fare per loro".

In un mondo in cui le tariffe di trasporto merci svolgono sempre di più un ruolo solamente parziale nei pacchetti complessivi da porta a porta delle linee di navigazione, vi è senza dubbio più di un granello di verità in tale affermazione. Gli oneri relativi al trasporto terrestre locale, al credito, alla disponibilità di tempo, alla documentazione ed alla controstallia sono spesso altrettanto importanti, in particolar modo nei consorzi dove non vi è molto altro che possa distinguere i servizi.

Tale argomentazione sottolinea ulteriormente una parte importante del programma di decentramento della MOL, segnatamente il fatto che il processo non dovrebbe assolutamente arrestarsi a livello regionale, ma dovrebbe essere perseguito fino in fondo, sino al personale di vendita a livello di ufficio di zona. Ad esempio, nel caso dei traffici in direzione est alla volta dell'Asia, sebbene le linee-guida vengano tracciate da Londra ed emanate a tutti gli uffici europei a seconda delle richieste, e questo almeno una volta ogni due settimane, gli uffici locali vengono lasciati liberi di strutturarsi il lavoro al fine di far fronte alle proprie assegnazioni di navi. Può anche darsi che avvenga qualche altra consultazione in ordine alle esigenze dei principali clienti, ma l'interferenza dell'ufficio regionale è altrimenti ridotta al minimo. Di conseguenza, il personale di vendita talvolta va al di là delle linee-guida, ma - secondo Bourne - il loro giudizio rispetto a tali questioni viene rispettato. Continua Bourne: "La nostra politica è quella di assumere solo personale di vendita qualificato, di modo che ci fidiamo di loro quando si tratta di vendere i nostri servizi in modo adeguato".

Chiaramente questa politica può riuscire solamente nel caso in cui vi siano poche limitazioni in relazione alle tariffe da parte di consorzi o conferenze che richiedano la consultazione con i partner di linea.

Il decentramento dall'ufficio regionale all'ufficio di zona si estende ulteriormente alla logistica dei contenitori. A ciascun ufficio di zona, come quello di Rotterdam, viene affidato il compito di organizzare le proprie modalità di trasporto terrestre. Come afferma Bourne, "io non posso interferire troppo con quello che Bart Roozekrans fa a Rotterdam, altrimenti lui finirebbe per demotivarsi". Essi, perciò, vengono lasciati liberi di acquisire da sé i propri servizi di trasporto terrestre a seconda delle esigenze. Ci si aspetta - tuttavia - la consultazione e la cooperazione tra uffici ogniqualvolta ne possano derivare vantaggi comuni (e si dice che tale procedura venga messa regolarmente in pratica).

Roozekrans fa il punto della situazione: "A Rotterdam disponiamo di personale logistico dedicato. Questa funzione viene considerata un importante strumento di vendita nel contesto del nostro approccio complessivo alla clientela, di modo che diventa essenziale per noi poter disporre sia della flessibilità per muoverci come vogliamo sia della possibilità di collaborare l'un l'altro quando è necessario". La struttura in questione dispone dell'ulteriore vantaggio di collegare responsabilità e profitti ad ogni livello dell'organizzazione, con linee-guida provenienti dall'alto presumibilmente ridotte al minimo.

E' sorprendente come si affermi che la politica portuale tra gli uffici di zona non rappresenti un problema nel contesto di tale processo. Per Roozekrans, vi sono solo due elementi in qualsiasi decisione inerente al trasporto terrestre. In primo luogo, sapere ciò che vuole il cliente; in secondo luogo, trovare il modo più economico per assicurarglielo. "Se è meglio per il carico del nostro cliente essere spedito via Bremerhaven piuttosto che via Rotterdam, bisogna fare così, e viceversa". Egli, tuttavia, continua: "Laddove i contenitori sono trattenuti presso i depositi interni, devono essere predisposti i relativi accordi specifici".

A che cosa corrispondano questi accordi specifici, non è chiaro. Ci si chiede semplicemente di accettare il fatto che raramente vengono commessi degli errori amministrativi tra gli uffici di zona. Bourne attribuisce questo fatto in gran parte all'eccezionale spirito di squadra e di buone comunicazioni nell'ambito dell'organizzazione europea ed aggiunge: "Sebbene sia facile immaginare che la competizione tra uffici rappresenti una delle forze in atto, nella prassi questa non è stata la nostra esperienza".

Ad ogni modo, in parole povere che cosa ha fatto ottenere alla MOL (società-madre) ed alla MOL Europa il decentramento? Sull'argomento, Bourne è stato molto chiaro: "Rispetto alla quota di mercato, ci siamo mossi dal numero 8 in classifica al numero 3 nell'ambito della Conferenza Trasporto merci Estremo Oriente per quanto riguarda la direzione est. Siamo, inoltre, molto più vicini alla clientela e facciamo del nostro meglio per loro in tutti i traffici. Ciò, naturalmente, non si deve solo al decentramento. Altri fattori sono in gioco, come ad esempio il migliorato servizio attraverso l'Alleanza New World; peraltro, una delle forze che ci hanno guidato è stato il miglioramento dei contatti di vendita".

Dal lato del trasporto terrestre, si dice che sia stato trasportato più traffico alle condizioni carrier haulage, in particolar modo per ciò che riguarda le importazioni.

Le altre ragioni per cui i clienti europei ora supportano la MOL in tutte le direttrici di traffico - nel cui ambito, peraltro, esistono già tante linee di navigazione nazionali - sono state esplicitate da Roozekrans: "Oltre alla concorrenza sui prezzi, sul servizio e sui contatti personali, noi siamo anche molto bravi nel costituire associazioni con i clienti. A causa del nostro retroterra, gran parte dei nostri clienti sono forti negli scambi diretti in Asia, e quando hanno carichi diretti anche in altre zone, talvolta trovano conveniente darli lo stesso a noi".

Aggiunge Bourne: "Siamo anche una linea molto servizievole. Molta gente imbarca i propri carichi sulle nostre navi perché siamo in grado di fornire un servizio dettagliato a livello locale. Ai clienti piace avere a che fare con noi. Non soltanto proviamo a dargli risposte alla svelta, ma comunichiamo bene l'un l'altro attraverso tutta l'Europa". La MOL Europa non conduce ancora direttamente le vendite di zona locali e gli uffici documentazione, come fa qualche altra linea, e ritiene sia meglio non farlo, quanto meno per il momento. Bourne precisa: "Se la Flossy di Rotterdam vuole parlarci in ordine ad una questione inerente le vendite interne come la registrazione ovvero un problema di documentazione, allora riteniamo che sia importante che lo possa fare a Rotterdam e non in qualche altro luogo".

Questo argomento è una questione controversa, poiché le linee di navigazione quali la Sea-Land e la P&ON (P&O Nedlloyd) sostengono in maniera sempre più decisa che certe funzioni di vendita interna possono essere svolte solamente da "centri di servizio" regionali. La Sea-Land è in procinto di istituire un centro di servizio di questo tipo a Cork, che provvederà a tutta l'Europa. La P&ON già si occupa del Regno Unito da Birmingham e del continente da Rotterdam, sebbene - in tutti questi casi - importanti funzioni di vendita esterna continuino ad essere svolte a livello di ufficio locale.

Riguardo al futuro, la MOL Europa ritiene che il commercio elettronico svolgerà un ruolo sempre più importante nei propri processi imprenditoriali. Sebbene la maggior parte dei clienti sembri ancora voler movimentare tutte le registrazioni per telefono e non sembri ancora interessata alla utilità di tracking e tracing disponibile sul sito Internet della compagnia di navigazione, vi è nell'aria - senza dubbio - una sensazione di cambiamento. La MOL Rotterdam già comunica con la maggior parte dei suoi fornitori di servizio via EDI e si aspetta di essere in grado di fare altrettanto con i clienti entro la fine del prossimo anno. Un'altra utilità di tracking & tracing è in corso di sviluppo negli Stati Uniti.

I contratti multi-traffico non costituiscono ancora una questione importante. Come sottolinea Bourne, "non abbiamo molta domanda per tali contratti, ma vi sono aspettative al riguardo, ad esempio in relazione alla Nestlé. Molte delle richieste di contratti multimodali arrivano su e-mail ed è vertiginoso il quantitativo di particolari richiesti. Vi è necessità di compilare e restituire intere matrici di informazioni, che alle volte possono comportare una discreta perdita di tempo".

In termini di costo del decentramento, Bourne sorprendentemente afferma che la MOL Europa adesso impiega meno personale di prima. Si potrebbe pensare che invece dovrebbe essere il contrario, ma la strutturazione del processo consultivo deve aver avuto un effetto di controbilanciamento.

In conclusione, si è potuto constatare che l'ufficio centrale giapponese della MOL non ha potuto limitarsi a semplici dichiarazioni di intenti nei confronti della strategia di decentramento della propria divisione di linea, e - sembrerebbe - con risultati positivi. Il segreto del successo sembra risiedere nell'aver fatto viaggiare il processo di decentramento da cima a fondo. Esso non ha potuto ancora incidere sui profitti della società, ma, come affermato dal presidente Masaharu Ikuta nell'ultimo rapporto annuale della compagnia, un mutamento in tal senso si potrebbe conseguire nell'anno fiscale 2000/2001. il tempo dirà se si tratta solamente di una speranza. Nel frattempo, si dice che la divisione di linea potrebbe tra breve essere trasformata in una società distinta, nel qual caso sembrerebbero logici ulteriori sviluppi nel settore marittimo di linea giapponese, in particolare alla luce delle intenzioni simili di altri vettori giapponesi, quali la NYK e la K Line.
(da: Containerisation International, febbraio 1999)

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Assagenti's management team has been renewed.
Genoa
The composition of the executive committee and the chairmen of the commissions
DP World signs preliminary agreement to build two terminals at Fujairah Port
Dubai
VIO - Vado Ligure Interport Board of Directors Renewed
Genoa
Pierangelo Olivieri has been appointed president
Kalmar's turnover increased by 14% in the second quarter
Helsinki
New orders value stable
Saipem wins new offshore drilling contract off Ivory Coast
Milan
It was awarded by Eni Côte d'Ivoire
DSV's quarterly performance continues to grow, boosted by the Schenker acquisition.
Hedehusene
Net profit of DKK 2.6 billion (+11.5%) was recorded in the April-June period of 2026.
Falteri (Federlogistica) has been co-opted into the Board of the European Logistics Association
Genoa
International collaboration protocol on integrated logistics with ACLI Terra
GCC urges international community to protect maritime transport against Houthi threats
Riyadh
Reaction to the announcement of a maritime embargo against Saudi Arabia
Fincantieri signs agreement in Qatar for operational management of the Training and Simulation Centre.
Trieste
The center is intended for the training of naval personnel of the Qatari Navy.
Wärtsilä records sharp increase in new order value in second quarter
Helsinki
Net turnover decreased by -2%
Over 770 kilos of cocaine seized at the port of Vado Ligure
Savona
Once released on the market, the drug would have ensured criminal organizations profits of 250 million euros.
Yang Ming orders Hanwha Ocean to build six 13,000 TEU dual-fuel containerships
Keelung
Contract valued at over $1.2 billion
The toll of attacks on ships in the Black Sea worsens
Odessa
Ten dead on board a ship leaving the port of Odessa
Today a new attack on a ship in the Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
The product tanker Kavomaleas of the Greek company Dynacom Tankers Management caught fire
Confitarma disappointed by the Commission's proposal to revise the EU ETS
Rome
Zanetti: The notable absentee is the competitiveness of the Italian and European shipping industry.
ALIS: Commission's proposals on the EU ETS are positive, but serious issues remain.
Rome
MIT adopts cold ironing guidelines
Rome
The aim is to ensure clear, uniform and transparent criteria for all Port System Authorities.
In the first half of the year, cruise traffic at GPH port terminals grew by +10.1%
Istanbul
In the second quarter alone the increase was +2.8%
Western Liguria Port Authority approves 2026 budget update
Genoa
Assiterminal clarifies its doubts about the responsibilities assigned to Porti d'Italia Spa.
Genoa
ABB buys British Rotork
Zurich/London
The Bath-based company specializes in flow control and industrial automation.
Central Adriatic Port Authority refinances €100 million from the Infrastructure Decree
Ancona
The funds concern seven strategic interventions of the port system
Container traffic at the Port of Los Angeles increased by 3.4% in the first half of 2026.
Los Angeles
In the second quarter, growth was +11.5%
IMO and ITF call for an end to attacks on seafarers and transport workers
London
Resurgence of incidents in the Black Sea, Sea of Azov and the Strait of Hormuz region
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong grew by 0.2% in the second quarter of 2026.
Hong Kong
An increase of +6.5% was recorded in June
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
The conference "EU-Mercosur Agreement: The Role of the Maritime Economy" will be held in Genoa on July 1st.
Genoa
It is organized by the Casa America ETS Foundation and the Western Liguria Port Authority
The Federagenti assembly will be held in Civitavecchia on July 3rd.
Rome
Pessina: We will not discuss regulations, community relations, or the pursuit of theories and bureaucracy, but rather the challenges of Italian port infrastructure.
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Govt does not interfere in port management appointments - Loke
(Bernama)
World's first floating fusion reactor-powered vessel could become reality with new project
(Interesting Engineering)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
Uiltrasporti is strongly opposed to the establishment of Porti d'Italia Spa
Rome
Verzari and Gulli: the AdSPs must be coordinated by a public body that can protect port workers
CMPort sets new monthly, quarterly and half-yearly container traffic records
Hong Kong
In the first half of 2026, 78.3 million were moved (+4.6%)
In the first half of this year, the port of Singapore handled 22.7 million containers (+4.7%)
Singapore
Historic record for half-year bunker sales
Container traffic at the Port of Long Beach increased by 10.3% in the second quarter.
Long Beach
Growth of +1.7% was recorded in the first half of 2026
The new board of directors of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane has been appointed.
Rome
Tommaso Tanzilli confirmed as president. Gianpiero Strisciuglio is the new CEO.
Port of Gioia Tauro: tender launched for completion of dredging activities
Gioia Tauro
The expected duration of the contract is 60 days
In the first half of 2026, cargo traffic in Turkish ports was 279.1 million tonnes (+1.5%)
Ankara
Cargoes with Italy alone amounted to 23.4 million tons (-2.5%)
The first steel cutting of the Carnival Destiny cruise ship.
Monfalcone
Fincantieri and Carnival celebrate the thirtieth anniversary of their collaboration
NatPower Marine acquires Aqua superPower to accelerate the electrification of ports and marinas
Monk
It operates the largest international network of electric charging points in Europe.
European Logistics Observatory established
Brussels
The aim is to strengthen the competitiveness, resilience and sustainability of European logistics.
Agreement reached at Mimit with JSW to relaunch the Piombino steelworks
Rome/Livorno
Gariglio: Strengthening integration between port docks and industrial areas
Agreement between Fincantieri and the Croatian shipyards Brodotrogir Cruise and Iskra Shipyard
Trieste
Initiative within the framework of the two-corvette program promoted by the Croatian Ministry of Defence
Evergreen, Yang Ming and WHL return to quarterly revenue growth
Keelung/Taipei
Four consecutive quarters of decline behind us
Project for a direct rail link between the port of Gioia Tauro and the Interporto D'Abruzzo
Pescara
Tax fraud on labor in the logistics sector
Milan
€28 million seized from four Milanese companies
PSA Genova Pra', the state of agitation has been lifted following the successful completion of the cooling procedure.
Genoa
ZPMC Delivers New Ultra-High Wind-Resistant Port Cranes
Shanghai
The world's tallest rail-mounted reach stackers for empty containers have also been built.
Peninsula and Itochu form joint venture to supply ammonia bunkering to European ports
Gibraltar
The initiative in response to the growing demand for zero-carbon fuels
Konecranes announced its entry into Japan
Helsinki/Tokyo
Acquisition of 70% of Mitsubishi Electric FA Industrial Products
Saipem wins $2 billion contract in Indonesia
Milan
Seven IMO regional coordinators have been introduced who will provide technical support to the organisation's Member States.
London
Jadrolinija has inaugurated its new fast maritime service Ancona-Zadar
Ancona/Zara
It provides five departures per week and a crossing of approximately four hours.
Hapag-Lloyd to reorganize services in the Adriatic
Hamburg
The port of Ancona, removed from the ADX line, will continue to be served by the IAS service
Eleven nominations for the eighteenth edition of the ESPO Award
Brussels
This year's theme is dual-use port-city projects
Jotun COSCO Marine Coatings signs agreement with COSCO Shipping Bulk for 125 new vessels
Sandefjord
Advanced hull performance solutions will be implemented
Maersk issues first order for new containers produced in India
Copenhagen
Local production has been stimulated by the introduction of incentives
Last May, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna grew by +3.4%
Ravenna
An increase of +10.6% is expected in June
Sardinia's Port Authority spent approximately €157 million in PNRR funds
Cagliari
Achievement of the targets expected by June 30, 2026
Hannibal will inaugurate a new intermodal service from Melzo to Rotterdam Europoort on July 8th.
Melzo
Six weekly trains are scheduled that will be able to carry up to 38 cargo units
PSA to build and operate container terminal at Vietnam's Lach Huyen port
Singapore
Agreement with Lach Huyen International Logistics & Industrial Park
Sandro Bucchioni and Andrea Fontana confirmed as presidents of the La Spezia freight forwarders and maritime agents.
La Spezia
New two-year mandate
Konecranes has acquired the nuclear and port services segment of Spain's Coapsa.
Hyvinkää
The company has an annual turnover of approximately four million euros.
PSA Italy presented its 2025 Sustainability Report
Genoa
The document highlights, among other things, the employment data and the economic impact on the territory
The Central-Northern Adriatic Port Authority confirms the completion of the projects financed by the PNRR
Ravenna
Mirco Carloni has taken office as president of the Central Adriatic Port System Authority.
Ancona
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the new PCTC Grande Oriente
Naples
It will be placed on the Asia-Europe route
The Central Adriatic Port Authority announces that it has achieved its objectives under the PNRR
Ancona
Port of La Spezia: 60 Sea Log workers rehired by other port companies
La Spezia
Pisano (AdSP): very satisfied with the positive conclusion of this dispute
A workshop on cold ironing and related risks and insurance solutions will be held in London.
London
Rossi (ADVANT-Nctm): effective infrastructure development must necessarily take into account legal and insurance aspects
Fincantieri signs an agreement in Albania for shipbuilding training.
Trieste
Skills development for the growth of the new Pashaliman naval industrial hub
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