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Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVII - Number 4/99 - APRIL 1999

Studies and research

La classifica mondiale 1998 dei porti containerizzati

Singapore è stato il porto containerizzato più attivo del mondo nel 1998, avendo movimentato 15,1 milioni di TEU, con un incremento del 6,8% rispetto al 1997.

TABELLA 1
PRIMI 30 PORTI CONTAINERIZZATI NEL 1998 (IN TEU)
ClassificaPorto19981997Cambiamento %
1 (2)Singapore15.100.00014.135.0006,8
2 (1)Hong Kong14.650.000 *14.567.0000,6
3 (3)Kaohsiung6.271.0535.693.33910,1
4 (4)Rotterdam6.032.000 *5.494.65510,3
5 (5)Busan5.752.9555.233.8809,9
6 (6)Long Beach4.097.6893.504.60316,9
7 (7)Amburgo3.550.0003.337.4776,3
8 (9)Los Angeles3.378.2182.959.71514,1
9 (8)Anversa3.265.7502.969.18910,0
10 (11)Shanghai3.066.0002.520.00021,7
11 (10)Dubai2.800.0002.600.0857,7
12 (15)Felixtowe2.500.000 *2.251.37911,0
13 (12)New York/New Jersey2.450.000 *2.456.886-0,003
13 (14)Tokyo2.450.000 *2.322.0005,5
15 (13)Yokohama2.200.000 *2.347.635-6,3
16 (27) **Gioia Tauro2.125.6401.448.53146,7
17 (17)Kobe2.087.000 *1.944.1477,3
18 (19) **San Juan1.992.150 *1.781.25011,8
19 (19)Tanjung Priok1.898.0691.908.711-0,006
20 (23) **Algesiras1.825.6141.537.62718,7
21 (22) **Port Klang1.820.0181.684.5088,0
22 (20)Brema/Bremerhaven1.820.0001.703.2196,9
23 (16)Manila1.716.212 *2.121.074-19,1
24 (21) **Colombo1.710.0001.687.5081,3
25 (18)Keelung1.706.8741.981.175-13,8
26 (28) **Oakland1.575.4061.531.1882,9
27 (26) **Seattle1.540.0001.476.8144,3
28 (38) **Laem Chabang1.424.7021.023.67139,2
29 (25) **Nagoya1.420.000 *1.498.137-5,2
30 (32) **Le Havre1.320.0001.185.00011,4
Note:  * = dati stimati; ( ) = classifica 1997; ( )** = classifica 1997 basata sulla classifica dei traffici portuali riportata nel Containerisation International Yearbook 1999.
Fonti: Porti; dati di Containerisation International e di Containerisation International Yearbook 1999.

Il fatto che questo porto del Sud-Est asiatico abbia sorpassato quello che da lungo tempo era il capoclassifica mondiale, vale a dire Hong Kong, i cui risultati in termini di TEU sono cresciuti solamente dello 0,6% fino a 14,65 milioni di TEU stimati, non fa altro che sottolineare una delle linee di tendenza evidenziate dalla classifica dei 30 maggiori porti containerizzati del mondo stilata da Containerisation International: vale a dire, la crescente importanza dei porti-nodo di pari passo con la preferenza accordata dai vettori alle navi più grandi sulle arterie di traffico, con la conseguenza che cercano di riempirle di contenitori da collegare ai traffici da e per i noleggiatori.

L'analisi delle prestazioni dei porti, riportata in dettaglio nella Tabella 1, mostra come alcuni degli incrementi maggiori siano stati conseguiti da porti che fanno affidamento sui traffici di raccordo per gran parte della propria attività. Oltre a Singapore, tra loro vi sono Gioia Tauro in Italia ed Algesiras in Spagna, così come San Juan in Portorico nei Caraibi.

Sospinto dall'acquisizione di altri servizi e da un'organica crescita dei traffici, Gioia Tauro ha conseguito la più alta percentuale in aumento dell'intera classifica, scalando 11 posizioni fino ad attestarsi al 16° posto. Tuttavia, è improbabile che il suo MCT (Medcenter Container Terminal) possa essere in grado di sostenere la spettacolare espansione ottenuta nel corso dei suoi primi tre anni di attività e si prevede che quei volumi cominceranno a stabilizzarsi.

Alcuni nodi già affermati, come ad esempio Dubai negli Emirati Arabi Uniti, hanno sperimentato lo scorso anno un rallentamento dell'attività di trasbordo, sebbene esso sia stato ancora in grado di conseguire una rispettabile crescita nel complesso. Secondo Sultan Bin Sulayem, presidente dell'Autorità della Zona Franca di Jebel Ali e direttore esecutivo della DPA (Autorità Portuale di Dubai), i carichi containerizzati per le importazioni ed esportazioni provenienti dal o destinate al mercato locale di Dubai costituiscono più della metà dei risultati containerizzati della DPA. Il trasbordo di per se stesso è cresciuto del 2% nel 1998. Meno fortunato è stato un altro nodo storico, Colombo nello Sri Lanka, dove il traffico di trasbordo risulta essere calato lo scorso anno del 3,4% sino a 1,19 milioni di TEU.

Di persino maggiore rilievo nel determinare quali porti abbiano conseguito aumenti e quali invece abbiano subito delle perdite nel 1998 è stata la crisi economica asiatica. L'impatto negativo che ciò ha avuto sui volumi di certi porti risulta evidentissimo nel caso di Manila, dove sulla base delle stime ricavate dai dati del Containerisation International Yearbook (il porto non ha inviato dati utili per questa analisi) i risultati sono scivolati di più del 19% nel 1998.

Un altro porto del Sud-Est asiatico che ha avvertito l'impatto della propria crisi economica locale, così come quella dell'Asia intera, è stato Tanjung Priok (Indonesia), dove i volumi hanno subito una stagnazione dopo molti anni di crescita sostenuta. Tuttavia, alcuni porti del Sud-Est asiatico sono ancora riusciti a conseguire aumenti in termini di TEU (Port Klang in Malaysia e Laem Chabang in Tailandia). La prestazione di quest'ultimo è stata la più notevole della regione in termini percentuali (39,2%). Inoltre, per la prima volta Laem Chabang ha movimentato più TEU di Bangkok, dove i volumi sono cresciuti del 9,9% sino a 1.113.756 TEU.

In Giappone, solo Kobe e Tokyo hanno fatto registrare risultati positivi, mentre Nagoya e Yokohama sono calati. Allo stesso modo, a Taiwan i TEU di Kaohsiung sono aumentati di più del 10% mentre le fortune di Keelung hanno continuato a declinare. Il primo attribuisce in parte le proprie prestazioni alla privatizzazione. La crescita del 9,9% del porto sud-coreano di Busan è stata leggermente minore in termini percentuali rispetto a quella fatta registrare nel 1997.

I significativi incrementi mostrati dai porti statunitensi di Long Beach e di Los Angeles, in California, rispettivamente del 16,9% e del 14,15, sono direttamente attribuibili al flusso delle importazioni asiatiche negli Stati Uniti lo scorso anno. L'impatto della crisi asiatica si è avuto anche sugli altri porti della Costa Occidentale degli Stati Uniti presenti nella classifica dei primi 30 (Oakland e Seattle). Per contro, New York/New Jersey, i cui carichi provengono da zone geografiche diverse, ha visto la propria attività containerizzata stagnare lo scorso anno.

I sei porti dell'Europa nord-occidentale presenti nella classifica dei primi 30 porti mondiali, vale a dire Rotterdam (nei Paesi Bassi), Amburgo e Brema7Bremerhaven (in Germania), Anversa (in Belgio), Felixtowe (nel Regno Unito) e Le Havre (in Francia), hanno tutti quanti assistito ad una crescita dei propri traffici containerizzati. Alcuni, come Anversa, hanno preso atto che il proprio tonnellaggio di carichi containerizzati è cresciuto ad un ritmo più lento (6% per il porto belga), il che riflette un aumento delle movimentazioni dei vuoti a causa della crisi asiatica. Anche Amburgo ha precisato che il proprio incremento del traffico asiatico dell'ordine del 9,6% è stato dovuto principalmente alle movimentazioni di vuoti. E' significativo come Le Havre abbia spiegato che nell'ambito dei propri traffici containerizzati il trasbordo sia aumentato del 28,7%, dimostrando così la crescente importanza del traffico di raccordo per i porti che normalmente non vengono annoverati nella categoria degli scali "nodo".

Comunque sia, riuscirà Singapore a conservare nel 1999 la sua attuale prima posizione in classifica? Hong Kong sembra determinata a cercare di riguadagnare quella posizione, ma la sua recessione locale e la crescente importanza dei porti del continente cinese potrebbe frustrare il suo sforzo di divenire maggiormente competitivo. La crescita del 21% di Shanghai per più di 3 milioni di TEU movimentati nel 1998 evidenzia la sfida che Hong Kong si trova a dover affrontare.
(da: Containerisation International, marzo 1999)

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In growth the handling of volumes of sea and air shipments
ESPO points out issues to be addressed in order to enable European ports to face the next challenges
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Concordate with Princess Cruises the postponement of the delivery of the Star Princess
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Protocollo d'intesa tra l'Autorità di Sistema Portuale del Mare di Sicilia Occidentale e l'Escola Europea di Intermodal Transport
International shipping associations call for help at U.N. to protect shipping
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In February, shipping traffic in the Suez Canal declined by -42.8% percent.
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Net tonnage of the naviglio down -59.8% percent. Drastic reduction of -53% of the value of transit fees
The World Shipping Council points to the EU the way to support the economy and trade
In Norway, the construction of the world's two largest hydrogen-powered ferries
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Order of Torghatten company at the shipyard Myklebust
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St. Petersburg
Drastic reduction of passenger traffic in the Crimean port scans
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Tytgat (SEA Europe) : A European maritime industrial strategy is urgently needed
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Round table with representatives of the institutions of the European Union
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On the increase the containers. Decrease in other loads. Belgian, Dutch and German ports urge European governments to ensure that industries remain in Europe
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Envisage the design, development and production of new types of autonomous naval systems
d' Friend International Shipping orders two new tankers LR1
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Commits to China's shipyard Jiangsu New Yangzi Shipbuilding Co.
Global Infrastructure Partners waives to acquire 49% percent of Malaysian MMC Port Holdings
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CMA CGM Air Cargo announces its first transpacific line
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Agreement Assshipowners-ITS Academy G. Caboto for training in the maritime, port and logistics sectors
Rome
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
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- country
- geographical areas
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Algeciras
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Valencia
In March, the increase was 15.7% percent.
The Spezia and Carrara try to break down the bell towers and solicit cooperation at the ports of Genoa and Savona
The Spezia
Switzerland and Switzerland cut trade between Italy and Switzerland.
Bern
In the first three months of the 2024 decline in Swiss exports. Stable imports
Port of Naples, striking of the fast ferry Island of Procida against a quay
Naples
About thirty minor injuries among passengers
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Taranto
The unions had requested clarification on the future of the 330 members of the Taranto Port Workers Agency.
The outer Levant dock of the Arbatax port has returned fully operational
Cagliari
In August 2020 he had been shouted by the ferry "Bithia"
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Los Angeles
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Zurich
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Salerno
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Euronav sells its own ship management company to Anglo-Eastern
Antwerp / Hong Kong
Manages the fleet of tanker ships of the Antwerp company
Genoa Shipbuilding Industries has acquired a submersible barge of the cargo capacity of 14,000 tonnes
Genoa
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Venice Cold Stores & Logistics obtains the qualification of tax warehouse for wines and sparkling
Venice
Extension of the services offered to companies in the wine sector
Gasparate urges to exempt property of interports from payment of the Imu
Nola
President of the Union Interports Reunited warned that with the PNRR construction sites the railway intermodality is at risk
Hapag-Lloyd plans future investments to expand business in the terminal and intermode sectors
Hamburg
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Long Beach
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Delivery of the work of consolidation of the foranea dam of the port of Catania
Catania
Procurement of the value of 75 million euros
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
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Tomorrow in Livorno a conference on the history of the city port
Livorno
It will be talked about architecture, trade and politics between the XVI and the twentieth century
On April 11, the sixth edition of the "Italian Port Days" will begin.
Rome
Also this year the project has been divided into two sessions : the first in the spring and the second from September 20 to October 20
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Iran says MSC Aries vessel seized for 'violating maritime laws'
(Reuters)
Le transport maritime national navigue à vue
(Aujourd'hui Le Maroc)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Relazione del presidente Mario Mattioli
Roma, 27 ottobre 2023
››› File
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Genoa
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The Spezia
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Mombasa
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One hundred new IVECO trucks powered by HVO in the Smet fleet
Turin
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Beijing
Operated 4,541 trains (+ 9%)
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Hong Kong
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Livorno
In the Ligurian scalp and then in Marseille maintenance interventions will be carried out
Confirmed to Tugchiers Meeting Port of Genoa the granting of trailer services in the port of Genoa
Genoa
Planned investment of 35 million euros to renovate fleet
In the first quarter of 2024, OOIL revenues decreased by -9.0%
Hong Kong
Containers carried by the OOCL fleet increased by 3.4%
Mattioli (Federation of the Sea) relaunches the propulsive role of maritime clusters
Rome
Today, the National Sea Day and the marinara culture are celebrated
In the first quarter of 2024, the revenues of Yang Ming and WHL grew by 18.5% and 8.1%
Keelung / Taipei
In March the increments were equal to 20.3% and 8.6%
In 2023 the freight traffic handled by the State Railways Group fell by -2.0%
Rome
The Logistics Pole posted a net loss of -80 million euros, up 63 million euros.
Port of Genoa, inaugurated new rooms of Stella Maris at Maritime stations
Genoa
They are intended for the welfare and socialization of seafarers in transit in the Superba
Germany's Dachser has acquired the compatriate Brummer Logistik
Kempten
The company specializes in the logistics of perishable products
In the first quarter of 2024, Evergreen's revenues increased by 32.6% percent.
Taipei
In March, the increase was 36.5% percent.
Cooperation pact between the associations of the ports and ferry companies of Greece
The Piraeus
Among the activities, make sure that port benches are adequate for new naval technologies
In 2023 the traffic in goods at ports in Lazio fell by -5.7% percent. Record of cruises
Cyvitavecchia
Passenger of line services growing by 10.0%
RINA will collaborate on the sustainable development of ports and shipping of Indonesia
Genoa
Contract with the World Bank
In Udine the Officine Rotable Maintenance of FVG Rail has been equipped with a lawn back in fossa
Procedure
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