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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVII - Number 6/99 - JUNE 1999

Sea Transport

I programmi di trasporto marittimo di contenitori refrigerati della P&O Nedlloyd

Nell'ultimo decennio si è assistito all'acquisizione di una quota molto più grande del mercato marittimo dei trasporti refrigerati da parte degli operatori containerizzati di linea e questa tendenza è in aumento. La P&O Nedlloyd, che già rappresenta uno dei principali soggetti attivi in questo settore, svela i propri programmi futuri.

Nel 1997, sono stati complessivamente movimentati a livello mondiale 45 milioni di tonnellate di carichi refrigerati, rispetto ai 41 milioni di tonnellate del 1994, con una crescita del 9,8%. Per il 2000, il traffico dovrebbe aumentare sino a circa 50 milioni di tonnellate (+11%), mentre per il 2005 ci si aspetta un ulteriore balzo del 16% che lo porterebbe appena sotto i 60 milioni di tonnellate. Per quel periodo, ci si aspetta che i trasporti containerizzati rappresentino più o meno il 50% di tutte le movimentazioni.

La P&ON, infatti, prevede tassi di crescita annui medi tra il 3 ed il 4 per cento per il prossimo decennio, grosso modo - secondo John Williams, direttore generale dei servizi Australia/Nuova Zelanda del vettore - lo stesso tasso fatto registrare nel corso degli anni '90. Egli ha accennato ad una crescita particolarmente sostenuta nel settore delle carni - specialmente per quanto attiene le movimentazioni di carne di manzo e di pollo congelata dagli Stati Uniti alla volta dell'Asia, per lo più Giappone - e dei polli surgelati dagli Stati Uniti alla Russia.

"Inoltre, abbiamo registrato una crescita molto forte nelle esportazioni di agrumi dagli Stati Uniti ed in generale delle spedizioni - su scala minore - di frutta esotica (manghi)" ha dichiarato Williams. Al contrario, i prodotti caseari sono rimasti stabili. Williams stima che la quota del mercato di contenitori refrigerati della P&ON si sia attestata tra il 5 ed il 6 per cento, rendendola leggermente superiore alle proprie movimentazioni inerenti al settore dei carichi secchi.

La P&ON, poi, è intenzionata a sviluppare ulteriormente questa attività. Le 4 mega-navi della compagnia di navigazione, di capacità pari a 6.690 TEU della classe Southampton, che erano state introdotte nel servizio Europa/Asia del vettore nel 1998, ad esempio, sono dotate di 710 postazioni a presa per unità integralmente refrigerate. In termini convenzionali, questo dà a ciascuna nave la capacità di caricare 45.000 m3 ovvero 20.000 tonnellate di merci refrigerate.

Il tonnellaggio più recente noleggiato dal vettore è altresì caratterizzato da un numero maggiore di spazi per contenitori refrigerati, con il risultato che la percentuale delle postazioni per refrigerati della P&ON in relazione agli spazi-containers complessivi impiegati è aumentata dall'11,7% del gennaio 1997 al 14,2% del gennaio 1999. Attualmente, la linea di navigazione dispone di 36.000 spazi-containers stimati adibiti alle unità refrigerate nella propria flotta.

Tuttavia, il poter disporre della capacità di caricare boxes refrigerati non significa necessariamente che gli spazi-containers siano sempre utilizzati per caricare prodotti deperibili. Di conseguenza, ciò rende molto difficile ottenere dati precisi su quanti contenitori refrigerati vengano realmente spediti. E' questo il motivo, certamente, delle sostanziali differenze riscontrabili nelle varie pubblicazioni statistiche: ad esempio, la Drewry stima che il conteggio complessivo sia di circa 2,2 milioni di TEU, mentre la Manalytics calcola un ben più alto numero di 5,2 milioni di TEU.

Il settore in crescita più rapida in questo tipo di attività è quello delle unità integrali. Persino vettori come la BSL (Blue Star Line) - di proprietà della P&ON, della Hamburg-Sud e della Safmarine Container Lines, ora controllata dalla AP Moller - che erano stati grandi utenti dell'equipaggiamento isolato Conair per più di 25 anni, stanno trovando maggiori risorse nelle unità di nuova generazione, per lo più integrali high-cube (v. Tabella 1). Arien Uytendaal, direttore gestione internazionale contenitori della P&ON, ha dichiarato che non verranno più acquistati containers da 20 piedi x 8 piedi, che ancora rappresentano il principale equipaggiamento del vettore per i servizi Europa/Australasia.

Infatti, recentemente la P&ON ha effettuato ordinazioni per 1.000 refrigerati high-cube da 40 piedi presso la Hyundai Precision & Engineering in Corea del Sud. I nuovi containers, che dispongono dell'ultimo Thermoking CRR40 con unità di controllo della temperatura uP-D, verranno utilizzati al fine di ampliare il gruppo di refrigerati integrali del vettore e per rimpiazzare i vecchi contenitori da 20 piedi e - per lo più - da 40 piedi x 8 piedi/8 piedi 6 pollici. Dalla fusione della P&O Containers con la Nedlloyd Lines nel 1997, il gruppo ha investito quasi 100 milioni di dollari in nuovi containers refrigerati.

TABELLA 1
EQUIPAGGIAMENTO DEI CONTENITORI REFRIGERATI DELLA P&ON
(CRESCITA IN PROPORZIONE NEL PERIODO DAL 1997 AL 1999)
Tipo / annoGennaio 1997Gennaio 1998Gennaio 1999
20 piedi100101119
40 piedi10010992
40 piedi high-cube100155188
Isolati 1100100124
Totale TEU100111126
% Totale8,5910
Note: 1 = L'aumento dei containers isolati nel 1999 è interamente attribuibile all'acquisizione della Blue Star Line da parte della P&ON
Fonte: P&ON

Secondo Uytendaal, il nuovo equipaggiamento verrà utilizzato per lo più nei traffici transpacifici, un mercato in cui la P&ON ha fatto il proprio ingresso solamente tre anni fa, ma che ha fatto registrare una crescita significativa. Uytendaal ritiene poi che anche i traffici minori possano offrire un notevole potenziale. Infatti, negli ultimi 12 mesi si è assistito alla realizzazione di buoni risultati da parte della P&ON in diverse nicchie, tra cui la movimentazione di pomodori dal Marocco alla Russia e di banane da Panama alla Nuova Zelanda. "Questi carichi" ha dichiarato "sono assai adatti ai boxes integrali".

Ciononostante, la P&ON è ancora uno dei maggiori utenti dell'equipaggiamento isolato Conair e la compagnia - nei prossimi tre-cinque anni a venire - si troverà a dover prendere una decisione non facile sugli investimenti.

Il tonnellaggio Europa/Australasia della P&ON, che per lo più consiste di navi da 2.300 TEU, ha più di 20 anni e ha bisogno essere sostituito. Il vettore continuerà con il sistema Conair, in cui il motore per il raffreddamento è installato sulle navi e l'aria fredda viene soffiata dentro i portelli dei contenitori, oppure opterà per l'assai flessibile ma più costoso contenitore integrale?

Alcuni segnali suggeriscono che la compagnia anglo-olandese stia indirizzandosi verso il sistema integrale. Nel 1998, la P&ON ha rimpiazzato le proprie portacontenitori refrigerati della classe Encounter Bay da 1.578 TEU, che venivano impiegate nei traffici Mediterraneo/Australasia, con 5 portacontainers "standard" da 2.900 TEU. Tuttavia, queste navi - secondo Mason - sono state progettate specificamente per quei traffici. "Esse sono caratterizzate da una maggiore percentuale di spazi per containers refrigerati rispetto alle portacontainers dalle dimensioni simili" ha dichiarato. Esse inoltre hanno una velocità di servizio di 22,5 nodi ed offrono ai caricatori un tempo di viaggio eccezionale di appena 25 giorni dall'Australia al Mediterraneo.

Mason, peraltro, ha smentito le voci secondo cui il solo fatto che la P&ON abbia optato per una soluzione refrigerata integrale in relazione al traffico Europa meridionale/Australasia vorrebbe significare che una strategia simile possa essere adottata nel settore nord-europeo e sulle rotte Stati Uniti/Australasia (mediante movimentazioni con la BSL).

Mason ha fatto riferimento alle prossime decisioni della P&ON in ordine alle esigenze di investimento in questo traffico (Europa) definendole come "una delicata azione di bilanciamento". Spiega infatti: "Dobbiamo soppesare i vantaggi di costo derivanti dall'utilizzazione dei box Conair per flussi di traffico omogenei quali carni, latticini, mele e pere, rispetto alla flessibilità - in termini sia di controllo della temperatura e dell'umidità in relazione ai singoli contenitori, sia di posizionamento fra i traffici - degli integrali".

Mason ha rivelato che gli studi in corso saranno completati tra poco tempo e che una decisione dovrebbe essere presa al riguardo prima della fine del 1999. Il dirigente vorrebbe che il nuovo tonnellaggio ed equipaggiamento fosse all'opera su entrambe le direttrici di traffico nel 2002.

Quanto ai traffici Europa/Africa meridionale, la P&ON ha "più spazio per respirare", dal momento che recentemente per il nocciolo del tonnellaggio impiegato nell'ambito del consorzio della conferenza Saecs è stata programmata una proroga di servizio di durata quinquennale. "Queste navi hanno avuto una vita più facile di quelle impiegate nei servizi australasiatici" ha detto Mason. "Inoltre, la P&ON ha immesso in servizio una nuova serie di contenitori nel 1991-92. Ciò significa non dover prendere una decisione per altri due o tre anni".

Tuttavia, vi sono molte sfide da affrontare. La recente acquisizione della SCL da parte del gruppo AP Moller sta cagionando una grande incertezza circa le modalità future dei traffici. Sebbene la AP Moller abbia concordato di conservare il marchio SCL, è molto probabile che venga realizzata un'alleanza operativa più stretta con la Maersk Line, operatore indipendente che si serve degli integrali. Essa inoltre serve i traffici Europa/Africa meridionale per mezzo del suo scalo-nodo situato ad Algesiras.

"Possiamo solo fare delle congetture in ordine alla strategia della Maersk in questa direttrice di traffico" afferma Mason "ma la Moller ha speso un sacco di soldi e tra questi investimenti vi sono beni patrimoniali notevoli - portacontainers refrigerati ed attrezzature per il raffreddamento - e non ho dubbi che continuerà a partecipare al Saecs".

Inoltre, i consigli dei produttori di frutta sudafricani sono stati sciolti, con il risultato che le procedure di contrattazione del trasporto delle merci - secondo Mason - stanno per attraversare un "mare che cambia". "Sino al 1998, le compagnie di navigazione stipulavano i propri contratti con il PPECB (Consiglio di Controllo delle Esportazioni di Prodotti Deperibili)" ha dichiarato "ma ora trattiamo con qualcosa come 90 singoli caricatori/associazioni. Ciò significa lavorare di più e mettere in campo più gente adibita alle vendite e ha comportato costi operativi più alti in un momento in cui le tariffe di trasporto dei refrigerati tradizionali calavano".

Sul più lungo termine, Mason ritiene che il mercato sudafricano finirà per sistemarsi e che il numero dei singoli esportatori si ridurrà, dal momento che essi si consolideranno in gruppi più grandi con maggiori opportunità di acquisito di traffici. E questo sta già accadendo, dato che Mason ha accennato ad appena "una dozzina più o meno di esportatori significativi". Tuttavia, è probabile che il 1999 si dimostri un altro anno incerto per i vettori impegnati in questo traffico.

Data l'intensificazione della concorrenza, Mike Walker, direttore del dipartimento che segue i carichi per il suddetto vettore, ha sottolineato l'importanza di riuscire a condurre il gioco, ricercando al contempo le nicchie di traffico.

"In quelle rotte in cui abbiamo dovuto subire la concorrenza da parte degli operatori convenzionali, le tariffe sono andate giù in modo notevole. Altrove, si è trattato più di una questione di domanda ed offerta ed in varie direttrici abbiamo potuto conseguire buone opportunità di guadagno" ha fatto notare Walker. "Nell'ambito dei traffici latino-americani, abbiamo perseguito un certo numero di opportunità".

Walker inoltre ha riferito gli sforzi della compagnia nel far fronte alle nuove tecnologie, quali il tracking/tracing, il controllo della temperatura via satellite, l'atmosfera controllata ed i nuovi sistemi di controllo dell'umidità.

"Le aspettative dei clienti" ha dichiarato "sono aumentate, mentre la loro domanda è divenuta più sofisticata". E' di vitale importanza che noi abbiamo a disposizione le corrette procedure, l'equipaggiamento adatto nonché personale esperto, per poter fare sempre un buon lavoro".

Walker ha evidenziato altresì l'importanza di poter disporre di un'ampia gamma di servizi diretti. "Ciò significa un minore impegno in termini di infrastrutture a riva e - generalmente parlando - tempi di viaggio più rapidi", Inoltre, l'esperto nella cura dei carichi ha sottolineato la decisione della P&ON di piazzare esperti tecnici nelle zone-chiave e di far sì che il personale di bordo sia ben addestrato al fine poter far fronte ad ogni problema quando e se essi si verifichino. Per le situazioni di emergenza, vengono portati al seguito pezzi di ricambio.

Nel complesso, i dirigenti della P&ON ritengono che il traffico refrigerato si incrementerà tra il 3 ed il 5 per cento all'anno nel prossimo decennio. Essi puntano sulla crescita della popolazione e sulle sempre maggiori aspettative da parte dei consumatori di poter disporre tutto l'anno di frutta fresca. Dati gli investimenti in nuovo equipaggiamento e gli innovativi programmi di servizio e di cura dei clienti in corso, si tratta di un settore del mercato marittimo in cui la P&ON intende rafforzare la propria posizione.
(da: Containerisation International, maggio 1999)

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It will be held on September 18th and 19th
Fincantieri and PGZ sign an agreement to support the modernization of the Polish Navy
Trieste
The third LSS section for Chantiers de l'Atlantique was launched in Castellammare di Stabia.
In the US, funding for wind energy development projects in ports is being cut.
Washington
Resources worth $679 million will be reallocated for port infrastructure upgrades
From January 1st, Kombiverkehr will operate the PKV intermodal terminal in the port of Duisburg.
Frankfurt am Main
It has a traffic capacity of approximately 200 thousand intermodal units per year.
Wallenius Marine and ABB form Overseas joint venture
Stockholm
The aim is to accelerate the launch of the platform of the same name for improving fleet performance.
DHL eCommerce has acquired a minority stake in Saudi Arabia's AJEX Logistics Services.
Bonn/Riyadh
The Middle Eastern company has two thousand employees
The Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport has asked the Region to agree on the appointment of Bagalà as president of the Sardinian Port Authority.
Rome
He is currently the extraordinary commissioner of the same body
CMPort's port terminals handled record container traffic in the second quarter
Hong Kong
In the first six months of 2025 the total was 78.8 million TEUs (+4.3%)
Confitarma approves the decree on advanced training for tanker seafarers.
Rome
Applause to the General Command of the Port Authority Corps
Quarterly freight traffic in Moroccan ports increases
Tangier/Casablanca
In Tanger Med the growth was +17%
The board of directors of the Genoa-based Ente Bacini has been renewed.
Genoa
President Alessandro Arvigo and CEO Maurizio Anselmo
In the second quarter, sales of dry containers produced by CIMC fell by -33%.
Hong Kong
Reefer boats increase by 57%
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the Grande Shanghai
Naples
It will be used for the transport of vehicles between East Asia and Northern Europe
The ART urges to verify that the investment plan and the related amortization period are consistent with the duration of the port concessions.
Turin
Chinese automaker FAW ships components to Europe by train
Changchun
Transit time reduced to 18 days compared to 45 days for maritime transport
The assets and fleet of the Spanish Armas Trasmediterránea will be sold to Baleària and DFDS
Las Palmas/Dénia/Copenhagen
Two agreements worth €215 million and €40 million respectively have been signed.
Italian State Railways (FS), investing €70 million to install the ERTMS system.
Rome
Work has been completed on 382 Trenitalia trains, while the retrofitting of 60 locomotives from Mercitalia Rail, an FS Logistix company, is underway.
MPC Container Ships' quarterly revenue returns to growth
The second quarter of 2025 was closed with a net profit of 78.1 million dollars (+20.5%)
Plans to build two container customs areas north and south of the Suez Canal
Cairo
Fourteen of the 48 abandoned shipwrecks in Catania port have been removed.
Catania
The activity will be replicated in the port of Augusta
The Regional Administrative Court (TAR) has confirmed the validity of the tender for the new Ravano Terminal in the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
DP World's port terminals handled record quarterly container traffic
Dubai
Revenues grew by 22.2% in the first half of 2025
In the quarter April-June the volume of rolling stock transported by Höegh Autoliners increased by +9.0%
Oslo
Sharp increase (+46.6%) of vehicles from Asia
South Korea's HD Korea Shipbuilding & Offshore Engineering acquires Vietnam's Doosan Enerbility
Seongnam
It manages an industrial area with its own port facility
Container traffic in the port of Algeciras grew by 6.6% in July
Algeciras
In the first seven months of 2025, a decrease of -2.9% was recorded
In July, the port of Valencia handled 488,000 containers (+6.7%)
Valencia
Increase driven by growth in empty containers
Salvini has appointed Annalisa Tardino as extraordinary commissioner of the Western Sicilian Sea Port Authority.
Rome/Palermo
The President of the Sicilian Region announces the appeal against the provision
The materials dredged in the ports of La Spezia and Carrara will be used for the construction of the new breakwater in Genoa.
Genoa/La Spezia
Agreement between the two Ligurian Port System Authorities
X-Press Feeders denounces authorities' failure to acknowledge responsibility in the X-Press Pearl accident
Singapore
According to the company, the Supreme Court ruling ignores international maritime law
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong decreased by -6.5% in July
Hong Kong
A decline of -3.7% was recorded in the first seven months of 2025
Cargo traffic in Russian ports remained stable in July
St. Petersburg
In the first seven months of 2025, loads decreased by -4.6%
In July, the Port of Singapore set a new all-time record for monthly container traffic with 3.9 million TEUs.
Singapore
In terms of weight, containerized cargo decreased by -3.6%
Compensation to be paid by the Civitavecchia Port Authority in the Fincosit case has been set at €1.5 million.
Civitavecchia
Latrofa: The ruling allows the release of set-aside sums that have frozen the budget for years.
Germany's HHLA posts record quarterly revenue
Hamburg
In the second quarter, the group's port terminals handled 3.2 million containers (+7.9%)
In the first half of 2025, CK Hutchison's port terminals handled 44 million containers (+4.0%)
Hong Kong
In the quarter April-June the Wallenius Wilhelmsen fleet transported 14.8 million cubic meters of rolling stock (-0.5%)
Lysaker
Revenues down by -0.7%
In the second quarter, Montenegro's ports handled 670 thousand tons of goods (+0.6%)
Podgorica
Volumes with Italy amounted to 154 thousand tons (+53.1%)
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Conference: "Waiting and Delays in Road Transport: Logistics in Check"
Genoa
Organized by Trasportounito, it will be held on September 26th in Genoa
The conference "EU ETS - Perspectives and Opportunities for Decarbonization in the Maritime Sector" will be held in Palermo.
Rome
It will be held on September 18th and 19th
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Korean Firms Reassess U.S. Investments After Mass Immigration Raid
(The Korea Bizwire)
Russia's infrastructure development plan aims to build 17 marine terminals by 2036
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
With the arrival of the first container ship, the testing of operational procedures at the Rijeka Gateway begins.
The Hague
The first commercial ship is expected on September 12th
A proposal to bring the port of Taranto back onto global container routes? Start a discussion table.
Taranto
Meeting on the status of freight traffic
Port of Ancona: Tender for demolition of fire-damaged Tubimar warehouses
Ancona
The expected duration of the works is four and a half months
Merger of the German MACS and Hugo Stinnes, both active in the MPP vessel segment
Hamburg/Rostock
Stinnes headquarters in Rostock to close by December 31
In the second quarter, freight traffic in Albanian ports grew by +2.9%
Tirana
There were 331 thousand passengers (+13.6%)
A.SPE.DO, operationalizing the Smart Terminal to increase the competitiveness of the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
ING loans to Premuda for over 100 million dollars
Milan
Funds for the management buyout and the purchase of two product tankers
Sallaum Lines has taken delivery of the first of six Ocean-class dual-fuel PCTCs
Rotterdam
The ship was completed four months ahead of schedule
First meeting of the new Management Committee of the Western Ligurian Sea Port Authority
Genoa
Several measures approved, including those for CULMV and CULP staff
Euroports to operate a new liquid bulk terminal in the French port of Port-La Nouvelle
Beveren-Kruibeke-Zwijndrecht
It is expected to become operational in 2026
In the second quarter, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna increased by +2.6%
Ravenna
Growth of 0.6% was recorded in June. An increase of 4.8% is expected in July.
OsserMare presents five reports on the marine economy
Rome
They focus on a specific sector supply chain or aspect of it
Port of Naples: Road haulage operations resume
Naples
Resolution meeting between institutions, operators and trade associations
ICTSI again reports record quarterly financial and operating results
Manila
Global Ship Lease Reports Record Quarterly Revenue
Athens
In the April-June period, net profit was 95.4 million dollars (+8.4%)
Vard receives new order from North Star for two hybrid SOVs
Trieste
Contract worth between 100 and 200 million euros
The Panama Shipping Registry will no longer accept the registration of oil tankers and bulk carriers over 15 years old.
Panama
Measure to counter the use of the shadow fleet
Danaos Corporation reports record quarterly revenue
Athens
The April-June period closed with a net profit of 130.9 million (-7.3%)
New customs fast corridor between the port of La Spezia and Interporto Padova
Padua
It adds to the other three already active on the same route
ICTSI to operate Indonesia's Batu Ampar Container Terminal
Manila
It is located on Batam Island
Pino Musolino has been appointed CEO of the Alilauro shipping company.
Naples
He replaces the resigning Eliseo Cuccaro
In the second quarter, DIS' time charter revenues fell by -37.1%.
Luxembourg
Net income was $19.6 million (-70.5%)
Wista Italy denounces the exclusion of women from the nominations of port authority presidents.
Milan
Musso: The glass ceiling that prevents women from accessing leadership roles remains.
Austrian Rail Cargo Group is focusing on the development of the Sommacampagna-Sona intermodal terminal.
Vienna
Ten-year agreement
In the second quarter, maritime traffic in the Bosphorus Strait decreased by -6.0%
Ankara
18.1% decline in ships over 200 metres in length
Fifty kilos of cocaine seized at the port of Civitavecchia
Rome
They were hidden inside a reefer container arriving from Ecuador
Trump has eliminated tariff exemptions for low-cost goods for all nations.
Washington
Goods with a value of less than $800 will also be subject to the tax.
Viking Mira was launched at Fincantieri's Ancona shipyard
Trieste
The multi-role frigate "Emilio Bianchi" was delivered to the Muggiano shipyard
The Port Authority of the Central-Northern Adriatic Sea has obtained EMAS registration
Ravenna
Certifies commitment to environmental management and sustainability
MSC Cruises reduces emissions with the support of an energy transition plan
Geneva
The 2024 Sustainability Report has been presented
DSV reports strong growth in financial and operating results thanks to the acquisition of Schenker
Hedehusene
Quarterly record in air and ocean shipment volumes
In 2024, the Fratelli Cosulich group's revenues increased by +12.8%
Genoa
Operating result down by -31.7%
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