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14 September 2025 - Year XXIX
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXVI - Number 6/2008 - JUNE 2008

Studi e ricerche

Gli high-cube guadagnano terreno nella flotta mondiale dei box

Il contenitore marittimo standard per carichi secchi da sempre domina la flotta mondiale dei box, dal momento che la sua attrattiva universale si confà ai caricatori ed ai vettori marittimi.

Nell'ultima "Analisi di mercato annuale di Containerisation International: censimento 2008 dei contenitori mondiali", quel tipo di contenitori rappresenta un saldo 85% di tutti i TEU in servizio alla metà del 2007, nonché quasi il 90% del conteggio complessivo dei box marittimi.

In numeri assoluti, ci sono oltre 21 milioni di TEU di modelli standard marittimi in servizio, rispetto ad un totale complessivo di 24,8 milioni di TEU (inclusi tutti i tipi locali e marittimi).

Tuttavia, da molti anni sta avendo luogo un graduale cambiamento della flotta standard.

Parlando in senso lato, i box più piccoli hanno ceduto il passo alle unità più grandi, che sono state alimentate sotto molti aspetti dalla più elevata percentuale di carichi cubici (più leggeri) movimentati.

Pertanto, la percentuale complessiva dell'equipaggiamento da 40 piedi è aumentata, mentre i contenitori da 20 piedi hanno perso terreno per gran parte degli ultimi 25 anni.

Si riconosce, peraltro, che la loro quota non sia più in caduta libera, essendosi stabilizzata al 32% (in termini di TEU) dal 2004.

Alla fine degli anni '80, i contenitori da 20 piedi rappresentavano circa la metà di tutti i TEU standard nella situazione globale, ma la sua quota era già calata al 35% nel 2000.

Di converso, la proporzione dei 40 TEU è cresciuta da una percentuale prossima al 50% nel 1990 a quasi il 65% di un decennio più tardi.

Nel corso del periodo accennato, l'importanza di tutte le altre dimensioni - 24, 30 e 45 piedi - è cambiata appena.

La porzione dei 45 piedi, ad esempio, costituiva meno del 2% dei TEU standard alla metà del 2007, mentre le altre lunghezze (per lo più i 24 piedi) contribuivano con un minuscolo 0,03%.

I cambiamenti non sono stati confinati meramente alle lunghezze, dato che anche l'altezza dei contenitori è aumentata.

Dapprima, gli 8 piedi (altezza esterna) della prima generazione hanno ceduto il passo agli 8 piedi e 6 pollici; questa transizione era in gran parte completata alla fine degli anni '80.

Da allora, lo spostamento è avvenuto a favore dell'equipaggiamento "high-cube" alto 9 piedi e 6 pollici.

Tuttavia, a differenza della precedente eliminazione graduale degli 8 piedi, che aveva riguardato i contenitori sia da 20 che da 40 piedi, la linea di tendenza verso i 9 piedi e 6 pollici ha riguardato la sola flotta da 40 piedi.

Il container high-cube da 20 piedi resta un fenomeno relativamente raro, rappresentando appena lo 0,04% rispetto ai TEU standard (10.000 TEU) alla metà del 2007.

In confronto, il computo dei contenitori high-cube da 40 piedi ha totalizzato oltre quattro milioni di unità, essendosi espanso del 20% dal censimento precedente alla metà del 2006.

Ciò, rispetto ad un miserevole tasso di crescita del 3% per le unità standard da 40 piedi per 8 piedi e 6 pollici rispetto alla stesso periodo.

Di conseguenza, quest'ultima dimensione di container ha rappresentato meno del 30% dei TEU standard operativi.

Si è trattato di una delle peggiori prestazioni di tutti i tempi.

Il 40 piedi high-cube costituiva quasi il 40% dei TEU standard alla metà del 2007, sebbene la sua quota fosse prossima al 25% cinque anni prima (alla metà del 2002), mentre aveva appena il 10% del mercato poco più di un decennio fa.

Da tempo di tratta del tipo di box standard maggiormente prodotto, malgrado la domanda annua di gran lunga minore per unità da sostituzione, anche se si tratta di una situazione in corso di cambiamento.

Attualmente, gli high-cube da 40 piedi rappresentano circa il 45% di tutti i TEU standard prodotti, e la loro percentuale sta salendo.

In confronto, la produzione dei contenitori da 20 piedi e 40 piedi (8 piedi e 6 pollici) è stata più statica - ma anche più variabile - di quanto non ci si potesse aspettare, dato l'elevato fattore di sostituzione.

In ordine all'equipaggiamento da 20 piedi, la produzione normalmente ha spaziato fra il 25% ed il 35% del totale, mentre quella dei 40 piedi (8 piedi e 6 pollici) si è attestata fra il 20% ed il 30%.

Un piccolo residuo, equivalente a meno del 2% dei TEU, si riferiva alle unità da 45 piedi.

Anche se il container da 45 piedi (9 piedi e 6 pollici) è stato in servizio per 25 anni, non ha ingenerato in realtà nessuna impressione ed è rimasto un prodotto relativamente di nicchia.

Peraltro, in teoria, esso resta il container high-cube ottimale, offrendo una capacità cubica maggiore del 10% rispetto a quella dell'unità da 40 piedi (9 piedi e 6 pollici).

Un grosso ostacolo è costituito dal costo di costruzione sproporzionatamente più alto, dal momento che la produzione delle unità da 45 piedi costa quasi un terzo di più di quella dell'equipaggiamento da 40 piedi caratterizzato dalla medesima altezza e dalle stesse specifiche.

Inoltre, essa presenta una maggiore complessità operativa a causa del suo assemblaggio da due parti.

Ancora più essenziale è la mancanza di compatibilità con le guide cellulari da 20/40 piedi che costituiscono lo standard per la maggior parte delle navi portacontainer, il che spesso comporta uno stivaggio maggiormente ingombrante sopra coperta.

Di conseguenza, solo poche ditte, come la APL, pioniera del modello dotato di tali dimensioni, sono in grado di integrare con successo tale equipaggiamento nelle proprie reti.

Flotta mondiale containerizzata in TEU alla metà del 2007
suddivisa per tipi operativi, lunghezza e riepilogo


Standard per
carichi secchi

Speciali per
carichi secchi

Reefer integrali
ed isolati

Cisterne
(rinfuse liquide)

Totale

Marittimi - larghezza 8 piedi

20 piedi

6.740.952

371.667

153.055

183.190

7.448.864

40 piedi

14.070.624

456.518

1.272.580

1.106

15.800.828

45 piedi

392.787

19.485

810

-

413.082

Altri

6.990

21.006

1.227

5.937

35.160

Totale parziale

21.211.353

868.676

1.427.672

190.233

23.697.934

Regionali - larghezza 8 piedi e 6 pollici (nordamericani interni)

48 piedi

112.704.

4.740

8.400

-

125.844

53 piedi

280.423

2.650

8.109

-

291.182

Altri

24.963

2.490

2.538

-

29.991

Totale parziale

418.090

9.880

19.047

-

447.017

Regionali - larghezza 2,5 (pallet-wide non cellulari e casse mobili)

20-25 piedi (6-8 metri)

293.848

59.463

2.020

24.200

379.531

30-35 piedi (9-10 metri)

2.820

45.495

-

4.680

52.995

40-45 piedi (12-14 metri)

170.949

17.191

8.048

900

197.088

48 piedi ed oltre

5.015

-

144

-

5.159

Totale parziale

472.632

122.149

10.212

29.780

634.773

Totale complessivo

22.102.075

1.000.705

1.456.931

220.013

24.779.724

Fonte: Censimento mondiale 2008 dei contenitori


Il 45 piedi standard marittimo deve affrontare un'ulteriore sfida sotto forma della propria controparte "Euro" da 45 piedi, che ha riscosso il favore di molti operatori costieri, regionali ed intermodali di tutta l'Europa.

Esso, di conseguenza, negli ultimi anni ha conseguito un ritmo stellare di crescita della flotta.

Questa unità pallet-wide era apparsa la prima volta alla fine degli anni '90 e lo scorso anno era cresciuta sino a più di 50.000 unità alla metà del 2007.

Essa equivale già a quasi il 30% delle dimensioni della flotta del più grande 45 piedi marittimo standard, che ammontava a 175.000 unità alla metà del 2007.

La popolarità del container "Euro-pallet" deriva dalla sua migliorata compatibilità con la normativa stradale dell'Unione Europea, che di fatto ha vietato la movimentazione autostradale delle unità marittime standard da 45 piedi (sebbene al momento attuale tale norma non sia ancora entrata in vigore).

Il contenitore Euro da 45 piedi, con il suo modello progettuale ed il suo gancio d'angolo unico, è più costoso di quello da 45 piedi standard, ma un numero sempre maggiore di operatori infra-europei ritiene che il costo in più ne valga la pena.

Le cose potrebbero cambiare nel caso che esso dovesse essere introdotto nei traffici marittimi a lungo raggio.

Ciononostante, è diffuso il giudizio per cui sarà ancora il 40 piedi high-cube a dominare la scena, tanto da assistere ad un ulteriore aumento della propria quota complessiva del settore globale dell'equipaggiamento marittimo.

Al contrario, si prevede che il modello da 20 piedi resti al suo attuale stabile livello, dato che la domanda per questo tipo di lunghezza di unità si è leggermente rafforzata negli ultimi anni.

Un'attrattiva del possedere contenitori standard da 20 piedi consiste nel loro valore residuo relativamente alto, che è migliore di quello di tutti i tipi dimensionali più grandi.

Essi sono anche più adatti alla maggior parte dei traffici ed al trasporto dei pesanti carichi eccezionali, delle materie prime e delle merci semi-finite.

La dimensione da 40 piedi resta estremamente adatta alla spedizione marittima di leggeri prodotti al dettaglio imballati, che dominano sempre più le rotte dalla Cina e dal resto dell'Estremo Oriente (e che si stanno guadagnando una quota sempre più grossa in tutti i traffici di linea).

Naturalmente, gli esportatori ed importatori preferiscono l'equipaggiamento high-cube da 40 piedi, poiché esso assicura il 10% di capacità cubica in più se confrontato con la sua controparte da 8 piedi e 6 pollici, nonché a causa del costo proporzionalmente inferiore.

Il costo di costruzione di un 40 piedi standard high-cube supera di poco il 5% in più di quello di un 40 piedi (8 piedi e 6 pollici) standard ed alcuni vettori tendono ad assorbire questo piccolo sovrapprezzo dal momento che le operazioni high-cube stanno diventano sempre più comuni e le dimensioni della relativa flotta alla fine raggiungeranno la massa critica.
(da: Containerisation International, maggio 2008, pagg. 46-47)


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Work has been completed on 382 Trenitalia trains, while the retrofitting of 60 locomotives from Mercitalia Rail, an FS Logistix company, is underway.
MPC Container Ships' quarterly revenue returns to growth
The second quarter of 2025 was closed with a net profit of 78.1 million dollars (+20.5%)
Plans to build two container customs areas north and south of the Suez Canal
Cairo
Fourteen of the 48 abandoned shipwrecks in Catania port have been removed.
Catania
The activity will be replicated in the port of Augusta
The Regional Administrative Court (TAR) has confirmed the validity of the tender for the new Ravano Terminal in the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
DP World's port terminals handled record quarterly container traffic
Dubai
Revenues grew by 22.2% in the first half of 2025
In the quarter April-June the volume of rolling stock transported by Höegh Autoliners increased by +9.0%
Oslo
Sharp increase (+46.6%) of vehicles from Asia
South Korea's HD Korea Shipbuilding & Offshore Engineering acquires Vietnam's Doosan Enerbility
Seongnam
It manages an industrial area with its own port facility
Container traffic in the port of Algeciras grew by 6.6% in July
Algeciras
In the first seven months of 2025, a decrease of -2.9% was recorded
In July, the port of Valencia handled 488,000 containers (+6.7%)
Valencia
Increase driven by growth in empty containers
Salvini has appointed Annalisa Tardino as extraordinary commissioner of the Western Sicilian Sea Port Authority.
Rome/Palermo
The President of the Sicilian Region announces the appeal against the provision
The materials dredged in the ports of La Spezia and Carrara will be used for the construction of the new breakwater in Genoa.
Genoa/La Spezia
Agreement between the two Ligurian Port System Authorities
X-Press Feeders denounces authorities' failure to acknowledge responsibility in the X-Press Pearl accident
Singapore
According to the company, the Supreme Court ruling ignores international maritime law
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong decreased by -6.5% in July
Hong Kong
A decline of -3.7% was recorded in the first seven months of 2025
Cargo traffic in Russian ports remained stable in July
St. Petersburg
In the first seven months of 2025, loads decreased by -4.6%
In July, the Port of Singapore set a new all-time record for monthly container traffic with 3.9 million TEUs.
Singapore
In terms of weight, containerized cargo decreased by -3.6%
Compensation to be paid by the Civitavecchia Port Authority in the Fincosit case has been set at €1.5 million.
Civitavecchia
Latrofa: The ruling allows the release of set-aside sums that have frozen the budget for years.
Germany's HHLA posts record quarterly revenue
Hamburg
In the second quarter, the group's port terminals handled 3.2 million containers (+7.9%)
In the first half of 2025, CK Hutchison's port terminals handled 44 million containers (+4.0%)
Hong Kong
In the quarter April-June the Wallenius Wilhelmsen fleet transported 14.8 million cubic meters of rolling stock (-0.5%)
Lysaker
Revenues down by -0.7%
In the second quarter, Montenegro's ports handled 670 thousand tons of goods (+0.6%)
Podgorica
Volumes with Italy amounted to 154 thousand tons (+53.1%)
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Conference: "Waiting and Delays in Road Transport: Logistics in Check"
Genoa
Organized by Trasportounito, it will be held on September 26th in Genoa
The conference "EU ETS - Perspectives and Opportunities for Decarbonization in the Maritime Sector" will be held in Palermo.
Rome
It will be held on September 18th and 19th
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Korean Firms Reassess U.S. Investments After Mass Immigration Raid
(The Korea Bizwire)
Russia's infrastructure development plan aims to build 17 marine terminals by 2036
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
With the arrival of the first container ship, the testing of operational procedures at the Rijeka Gateway begins.
The Hague
The first commercial ship is expected on September 12th
A proposal to bring the port of Taranto back onto global container routes? Start a discussion table.
Taranto
Meeting on the status of freight traffic
Port of Ancona: Tender for demolition of fire-damaged Tubimar warehouses
Ancona
The expected duration of the works is four and a half months
Merger of the German MACS and Hugo Stinnes, both active in the MPP vessel segment
Hamburg/Rostock
Stinnes headquarters in Rostock to close by December 31
In the second quarter, freight traffic in Albanian ports grew by +2.9%
Tirana
There were 331 thousand passengers (+13.6%)
A.SPE.DO, operationalizing the Smart Terminal to increase the competitiveness of the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
ING loans to Premuda for over 100 million dollars
Milan
Funds for the management buyout and the purchase of two product tankers
Sallaum Lines has taken delivery of the first of six Ocean-class dual-fuel PCTCs
Rotterdam
The ship was completed four months ahead of schedule
First meeting of the new Management Committee of the Western Ligurian Sea Port Authority
Genoa
Several measures approved, including those for CULMV and CULP staff
Euroports to operate a new liquid bulk terminal in the French port of Port-La Nouvelle
Beveren-Kruibeke-Zwijndrecht
It is expected to become operational in 2026
In the second quarter, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna increased by +2.6%
Ravenna
Growth of 0.6% was recorded in June. An increase of 4.8% is expected in July.
OsserMare presents five reports on the marine economy
Rome
They focus on a specific sector supply chain or aspect of it
Port of Naples: Road haulage operations resume
Naples
Resolution meeting between institutions, operators and trade associations
ICTSI again reports record quarterly financial and operating results
Manila
Global Ship Lease Reports Record Quarterly Revenue
Athens
In the April-June period, net profit was 95.4 million dollars (+8.4%)
Vard receives new order from North Star for two hybrid SOVs
Trieste
Contract worth between 100 and 200 million euros
The Panama Shipping Registry will no longer accept the registration of oil tankers and bulk carriers over 15 years old.
Panama
Measure to counter the use of the shadow fleet
Danaos Corporation reports record quarterly revenue
Athens
The April-June period closed with a net profit of 130.9 million (-7.3%)
New customs fast corridor between the port of La Spezia and Interporto Padova
Padua
It adds to the other three already active on the same route
ICTSI to operate Indonesia's Batu Ampar Container Terminal
Manila
It is located on Batam Island
Pino Musolino has been appointed CEO of the Alilauro shipping company.
Naples
He replaces the resigning Eliseo Cuccaro
In the second quarter, DIS' time charter revenues fell by -37.1%.
Luxembourg
Net income was $19.6 million (-70.5%)
Wista Italy denounces the exclusion of women from the nominations of port authority presidents.
Milan
Musso: The glass ceiling that prevents women from accessing leadership roles remains.
Austrian Rail Cargo Group is focusing on the development of the Sommacampagna-Sona intermodal terminal.
Vienna
Ten-year agreement
In the second quarter, maritime traffic in the Bosphorus Strait decreased by -6.0%
Ankara
18.1% decline in ships over 200 metres in length
Fifty kilos of cocaine seized at the port of Civitavecchia
Rome
They were hidden inside a reefer container arriving from Ecuador
Trump has eliminated tariff exemptions for low-cost goods for all nations.
Washington
Goods with a value of less than $800 will also be subject to the tax.
Viking Mira was launched at Fincantieri's Ancona shipyard
Trieste
The multi-role frigate "Emilio Bianchi" was delivered to the Muggiano shipyard
The Port Authority of the Central-Northern Adriatic Sea has obtained EMAS registration
Ravenna
Certifies commitment to environmental management and sustainability
MSC Cruises reduces emissions with the support of an energy transition plan
Geneva
The 2024 Sustainability Report has been presented
DSV reports strong growth in financial and operating results thanks to the acquisition of Schenker
Hedehusene
Quarterly record in air and ocean shipment volumes
In 2024, the Fratelli Cosulich group's revenues increased by +12.8%
Genoa
Operating result down by -31.7%
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