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"Federalismo Portuale:
i Porti di Roma e del Lazio, un modello di sistema regionale"

Sala del Tempio di Adriano
Roma 12 dicembre 2003

Presentazione del Presidente di Porti di Roma e del Lazio
Gianni Moscherini

 

Il Laboratorio Lazio

Quando si parla di federalismo e nella fattispecie di federalismo portuale, indipendentemente dalle considerazioni di diritto positivo, si tende a dimenticare spesso che la parola e i fenomeni retrostanti, stanno ad indicare un processo di aggregazione progressiva di territori. Essi, attraverso la messa in comune delle proprie risorse, legate alla logistica, hanno cercato o cercano di diventare più forti e, pertanto, più competitivi rispetto ad altre realtà territoriali.

Chi si federa, dal basso, secondo logiche economiche e territoriali non fa che integrarsi attraverso alleanze che altro non sono che un sistema di relazioni, volte a creare un soggetto più robusto, senza cancellare le identità originarie dalle diverse componenti.

Non sempre, tuttavia, il termine viene interpretato in tal senso, a volte si allude più facilmente ad un processo che viaggia in direzione opposta, verso cioè la disaggregazione e/o la maggiore autonomizzazione di territori che prima facevano parte di un'unità statuale (con legami inter-aree più o meno forti.)

I portatori di interessi diffusi di territori che fanno o vogliono fare sistema o Network portuale, possono e debbono lucidamente interrogarsi sull'opportunità o meno di far crescere il loro reciproco sistema di relazioni, per diventare più forti e per superare lo stadio molecolare e microcompetitivo che li ha caratterizzati fino ad oggi.

Oggi non basta essere grandi per vincere.

Ma certo essere piccoli non aiuta. Tentare la strada delle integrazioni territoriali, delle politiche di Network, costituisce un esercizio di responsabilità territoriale che ha il merito di partire dalle potenzialità reali dell'economia e della società delle aree, per verificarne le potenziali convergenze.

I territori laziali possiedono delle diversità, ciò costituisce un punto di forza. Far convergere queste diversità significa sviluppare un esercizio al quale ci siamo dedicati e, quindi, individuare alcuni fattori chiave:

  • Riconoscere i caratteri distintivi di un territorio rispetto ad un altro e scovarne i punti di forza;
  • Individuare le complementarità possibili da sfruttare;
  • Lasciare spazio a dei legittimi momenti competitivi anche all'interno delle politiche di sistema;
  • Sfruttare, secondo le convenienze, cooperazione e competizione.

Dal lato delle imprese, le politiche competitive sono sempre più interconnesse e dipendenti dalla risorse specifiche dei territori nei quali esse sono insediate, in particolare dalla qualità sistemica e dalla capacità di fare rete dell'ambiente all'interno del quale l'impresa è localizzata. Dal lato dei territori, si sta verificando un contemporaneo incremento di concorrenzialità, che impone l'adozione di logiche e di strumenti competitivi. Imprese e territori evolvono insieme alla ricerca di vantaggi competitivi, essendo gli uni reciprocamente risorse critiche per la competitività degli altri.

La misura dell'eccellenza, ad esempio, è data da quanto, in un determinato sistema sociale, economico e territoriale, circoli l'informazione e quindi quanto sia veloce la capacità di apprendimento e la soluzione veloce ai problemi che si pongono ed alle istanze degli investitori nel territorio.

La globalizzazione delle economie ha comportato il progressivo annullamento delle distanze ed il conseguente avvicinamento delle aree geografiche di tutto il mondo.

Le reti globali consentono di focalizzarsi sulle migliori condizioni offerte da un territorio in un dato momento annullando le precedenti valutazioni sulle condizioni politiche o storiche e intensificando i processi competitivi tra i territori.

I porti sono elementi critici dei territori, costituiscono l'ossatura del sistema logistico specie in aree dove la mobilità marittima può divenire il volano di una crescita servita favorendo forti economie di scala. E' il caso della regione Lazio, ove su 100 milioni di tonnellate di merci trasportate sia in che out, solo il 9% utilizza la modalità marittima. La saturazione delle altre modalità di trasporto impone nuove idee che valorizzino risorse inerti nel presente ma di grande valore nel prossimo futuro.

Il primo step è la riduzione della frammentazione dell'offerta portuale e l'esigenza di dare risposta alle istanze delle Imprese del territorio che chiedono di adottare forme di logistica moderne ed efficienti.

Nel Lazio si sta delineando un paradigma nuovo della distribuzione dell'offerta portuale; dal centralismo e dal localismo del passato, l'amministrazione regionale ed il Ministero delle Infrastrutture, muovono verso una nuova politica di sistema realizzando un unico network portuale al servizio del territorio laziale.

Il problema del Coordinamento fra porti al servizio di uno stesso territorio, d'altronde, è sollevato con sempre maggiore frequenza fra gli addetti ai lavori.

Il territorio laziale ha precorso i tempi grazie alla sapiente programmazione di un Ministero delle Infrastrutture sensibile alle esigenze delle politiche di sistema. Uno dei concetti cui si ricorre più frequentemente è quello di "sistema portuale", intendendosi con questo termine un complesso di due o più porti che, essendo al servizio dello stesso territorio, richiedono e giustificano forme di coordinamento e di specializzazione. A questo punto, però, le lingue si ingarbugliano e le proposte che vengono avanzate appaiono spesso dettate da diverse impostazioni di base e sollevano spesso incomprensioni e diffidenze. Specie fra gli amministratori locali preoccupati di perdere in qualche modo il controllo politico sui singoli scali. In particolare, si manifesta la preoccupazione che si arrivi alla costituzione "a cascata" di una serie di organi burocratici, legati da rapporti di subordinazione e controllo, con conseguente appesantimento dei processi decisionali e perdita di quell'impostazione manageriale che, al contrario, è ritenuta unanimemente necessaria per la gestione dei porti.

Per sistema portuale si deve intendere un insieme di porti uniti tra loro da qualche caratteristica comune (ad esempio: il servizio allo stesso territorio e/o il fare parte della stessa rete trasportistica). All'interno del sistema così inteso i porti si condizionano e si influenzano vicendevolmente: Se gli scali si sviluppano liberamente in funzione delle loro caratteristiche e strategie, si dovrà parlare di un sistema portuale naturale; se invece sono sottoposti ad un coordinamento formale, si dovrà parlare di un sistema portuale coordinato.

La considerazione essenziale da fare, è che i porti che fanno parte di uno stesso sistema, soprattutto quando sono in gioco finanziamenti pubblici, devono necessariamente essere sottoposti a qualche forma di coordinamento, se si vuole che il sistema dei trasporti abbia uno sviluppo razionale.

Un'altra considerazione importante, che giustifica l'esigenza di un coordinamento attiene al ruolo dei porti minori, che, nella situazione attuale, risultano pregiudicati rispetto a quelli di maggiore dimensione, caratterizzati dalla presenza di una Autorità Portuale. Si sono di fatto create due famiglie di porti: quelli maggiori godono di una certa autonomia nello sviluppo strategico (poiché le Autorità Portuali possono interagire con gli altri livelli di pianificazione sottoponendo le esigenze e le opportunità di sviluppo dei rispettivi porti) e nella gestione operativa (per la presenza di un organo di promozione e controllo dell'attività degli operatori privati); i minori sono invece rimasti nel loro assetto tradizionale, governati dall'Autorità Marittima, dalle cui competenze istituzionali sono esclusi molti aspetti della gestione e della strategia di sviluppo. Il Network laziale di certo favorirà i porti minori. Infatti grazie alla programmazione è stato possibile attivare da subito una linea diretta ad Arbatax dal porto di Fiumicino. Quanto alle modalità con le quali il coordinamento deve avvenire, è alla ricerca che si deve fare ricorso. La sfida organizzativa che si pone è quella di realizzare forme di coordinamento che rispettino scrupolosamente le autonomie gestionali, evitino l'appesantimento dei processi decisionali, ma consentano al tempo stesso di rendere operanti le sinergie e le razionalizzazioni che sono necessarie per realizzare un sistema trasportistico adeguato alle esigenze di sviluppo del territorio. Rinunciare a raccogliere questa sfida, per il timore di non essere capaci a superarla, significherebbe rinunciare al tempo stesso ad ogni sforzo di miglioramento della situazione. L'estensione dell'Autorità Portuale a Fiumicino e Gaeta consente uno sviluppo armonico delle singole esigenze portuali e logistiche della Regione. L'Amministrazione Regionale deve diventare il vero motore ed impulso della logistica regionale ed extraregionale portando le istanze locali all'attenzione del governo. Il Network portuale laziale è una realtà che nasce dalle esigenze dell'utenza che chiede una razionalizzazione delle risorse ed un'offerta portuale fatta di infrastrutture moderne ma coordinate e sinergiche fra loro. I network producono inevitabilmente economie di scala che favoriscono una contrazione dei costi generali di utilizzo favorendo una crescita portuale per troppo tempo assente dal territorio laziale.

 

Quale ruolo per le amministrazioni regionali?

La riforma dell'ordinamento portuale presenta ancora ampie zone d'ombra e di non attuazione.

Il Network portuale laziale non può non inserirsi, tuttavia, nel dibattito dai risultati ancora del tutto incerti iniziato da quando è stata approvata la legge costituzionale numero 3 del 2001, che ha introdotto radicali mutamenti nell'ordinamento delle autonomie locali.

Tale riforma sovverte, come noto, il tradizionale riparto di potestà legislativa tra Stato e Regioni ed ha attribuito a queste ultime tutta la potestà legislativa residua dello Stato centrale secondo una modifica dell'art 117 della costituzione.

La materia portuale non rientra tra quelle di pertinenza esclusiva dello Stato. Viceversa, è espressamente indicata tra le materie comprese nella competenza regionale.

Lo Stato si limita a fissare dei principi generali mentre le Regioni dovrebbero regolare la disciplina nel rispetto dei vincoli posti anche dal diritto comunitario e dagli obblighi derivanti dai trattati internazionali.

Si può allora continuare a parlare di riforma o processi di riforma o bilanci sulla legge 84/94 senza tenere conto di questo aspetto?

L'autonomia e la specialità del diritto della navigazione fondata sulle tradizionali fonti del diritto possa dissolversi di fronte a questo riordino legislativo in favore delle regioni?

Il Demanio marittimo già da tempo è di pertinenza delle Regioni che hanno localizzato nei comuni i soggetti amministrativi che ne hanno potestà regolamentare.

Cosa impedisce, oggi, alla Regione di legiferare sul demanio portuale?

 

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ICTSI reports record annual and quarterly financial and operating performance
Manila
Last year the group's port terminals handled 14.5 million containers (+11.0%)
Wan Hai Lines' revenue decreased by 13.3% in 2025
Taipei
The company will buy four new 6,000 TEU container ships and two 9,200 TEU container ships.
Observatory on the presence of women in the blue economy sector
Milan
Initiative by WISTA Italy and the Maritime Federation
The first train will depart from the Pordenone Interport on April 2nd.
Pordenone
Ausserdorfer (InRail): We have already received new requests and contracts to increase connections
Triple ceremony for Explora Journeys at Fincantieri's Sestri Ponente shipyard
Genoa
Technical launch of "Explora IV", coin ceremony of "Explora V" and start of construction of "Explora VI"
The Propeller Club of the Ports of La Spezia and Marina di Carrara has renewed its board of directors.
La Spezia
Gianluca Agostinelli and Federica Maggiani confirmed as president and vice president
The Tunisian government decides to start construction of the port of Enfidha
Tunis
52,000 jobs expected to be created
Hundreds of containers of temperature-controlled plant-based food products are held up in the port of Genoa.
Genoa
Spediporto reports it
The La Spezia Freight Forwarders Association has established a terminal freight forwarder section.
La Spezia
The aim is to strengthen the representation and enhance the value of inland logistics.
FHP Intermodal launches rail service from northern Italy to Bari and Catania
Foggia
Initially, two pairs of trains are scheduled to depart per week.
Managing maritime shipments in a scenario made extremely complex by the crisis in the Middle East
Genoa
Botta (Spediporto) and lawyer Guidi suggest how to handle difficulties
The new Norwegian Luna cruise ship will be delivered in Marghera.
Trieste
It is the second unit of the "Prima Plus" class built by Fincantieri
Assiterminal: The EU's port strategy is a success.
Genoa/Brussels
Seas At Risk, One Planet Port, and IFAW are concerned about the proposed regulation's reference to expediting environmental impact assessments.
The first electrical cabin dedicated to the cold ironing system has been completed in the port of Gioia Tauro.
Gioia Tauro
In April, the first connection of a container ship to a mobile socket
Konecranes revenues remained stable in 2025
Helsinki
The value of new orders grew by +9.7%, with a +21.3% for port vehicles
Finnlines' net profit increased by 50.7% in 2025
Helsinki
Revenues up 2.0%
Ravenna has been designated Capital of the Sea 2026
Rome
Petri (Assoporti): its port is a strategic hub for the national economy
Large shipment of ammunition and detonators seized in the port of Ancona
Ancona
He was about to be embarked on a ferry intended for the exclusive transport of passengers
2025 record for the American cruise group Viking Holdings
Los Angeles
Revenues grew by +21.9%
UECC has ordered China Merchants Jinling to build two PCTCs
Oslo
They will have a capacity of 3,000 CEUs and will be taken into delivery in 2028.
Kuehne+Nagel plans more significant staff cuts
Schindellegi
Worsening economic results in the fourth quarter of 2025
Public notice from the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea Port Authority to select the new Secretary General
Livorno
The procedure is not competitive in nature and no selection process is foreseen.
KKCG Maritime publishes a partial tender offer to increase its stake in Ferretti from 14.5% to 29.9%.
Milan/Hong Kong/Prague
The offer is not aimed at delisting the shares
Norovirus outbreak on second Holland America Line cruise ship
Hong Kong
65 passengers and 11 crew members of the "Westerdam" were injured.
SOS LOGistica, allocating only 10% of the €590 million for road transport to zero-emission vehicles is self-destructive.
Rome/Milan
Texts: talking today about a heavy BEV market that "takes off" remains a mirage
The first U212NFS submarine is being laid down at Fincantieri's Muggiano shipyard.
Trieste
The delivery of the first unit is scheduled for 2029
A new tender has been published for railway shunting in the ports of Savona and Vado Ligure.
Genoa
The tender base amount is 14.8 million euros
China's LC Logistics orders two new 11,000-TEU containerships
Hong Kong
Order with a total value of 236 million dollars
Palumbo Superyachts to build new metal shipbuilding hub in Ortona
Ortona
Concession area in the Abruzzo port
Kuehne+Nagel acquires the road transport business of German firm Lohmöller
Schindellegi
In 2024 they had generated a turnover of approximately 23.5 million euros
Rolls-Royce posts record annual financial performance
London
Revenues increased by 12.2% last year
Fincantieri delivered the ultra-luxury cruise yacht Four Seasons I in Ancona
Trieste
The Navis Sapiens program also debuts with the ship
Nearly 12 million tonnes of CO2 avoided in 2025 for vessels coated with Jotun products
Muggia
Estimated fuel cost savings of approximately $2 billion
In 2025, intermodal traffic handled by Interporto Padova amounted to 381,031 TEUs (-7.5%)
Padua
Record production value recorded
In 2025, the Nola interport handled 2,000 trains
Nola
A 50% increase is expected in 2026
A Livorno port pilot loses his life in a collision
Livorno
The dynamics of the accident are still under investigation.
Study on alternative marine fuels as potential marine pollutants and the effectiveness of response measures
Lisbon
It was commissioned by the European Maritime Safety Agency
The first in-person meeting of the international working group "Cruises & Port Cities" will take place in Taranto.
Taranto/La Spezia
Pisano (AdSP Liguria Orientale): the relationship between the city and the port is strategic, particularly in relation to cruise traffic
G20 merchandise trade trend to fluctuate in the fourth quarter of 2025
Paris
Trade in services is growing
Extension of incentives for rail freight shunting in ports
Rome
Paper (Fermerci): the sector, however, continues to suffer as demonstrated by the overall data for 2025
Saipem has been awarded a further offshore contract in Saudi Arabia
Milan
Order worth approximately 500 million dollars
MPC Container Ships revenues decreased by -4.3% in 2025
Oslo
Net income was $236.4 million (-11.4%)
The new offices of the Eastern Sicily Port Authority have been inaugurated in the port of Pozzallo.
Pozzallo
Contract worth approximately 750 thousand euros
Finmar appointed agent in Italy for United Global Ro-Ro
Genoa
Two services scheduled with stops at the port of Genoa
Contract awarded for the expansion of the San Cataldo Pier in the port of Bari
Bari
They will be carried out by the Rti Fincantieri Infrastructure Opere Marittime, Boskalis Italia, Zeta and e-Marine
The digital registry of maritime workers and the digital navigation booklet are law
Genoa
Article 11 of Legislative Decree 19/2026 establishes AGEMAR
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Filt Cgil, meeting on the importance of Article 17 of Law 84/94
Rome
It will be held tomorrow in Rome at the Frentani Congress Center
A conference on congestion in the North West logistics system will be held in Genoa on January 19th.
Genoa
It will be held at the Transparency Hall of the Liguria Region
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Russian shipbuilding holding USC designing high ice-class container ship for Rosatom for Northern Sea Route
(Interfax)
Auction of megaterminal in Santos may be postponed due to deadlock within the Federal Government
(A Tribuna)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
DB Cargo plans to cut around 6,000 jobs
Berlin
Negotiations with employee representatives to begin soon
In 2025, containers transported by RCL's fleet increased by +8.8%
Bangkok
Revenues from this activity grew by +5.2%
Regarding Tardini's nomination as president of the Western Sicily Port Authority, Salvini and Schifani have (for now) buried the hatchet.
Palermo
Annual container traffic grows by 5.4% at HHLA port terminals
Hamburg
Record revenues expected at 1.76 billion euros (+9.9%)
Container traffic at the Port of New York is expected to grow by 2.3% in 2025.
New York
Significant increase in full containers for export
Politics and Assiterminal celebrate the extension of the port bonus
Rome/Genoa
Ferrari: understood the value of the planning behind the reformulation of the law
Container traffic at the port of Hong Kong decreased by -3.2% in January
Hong Kong
1.13 million TEUs were handled
Costamare secures $940 million in revenue from the charter of 12 container ships
Monk
CMA CGM has ordered six 1,700 TEU LNG containerships from Cochin Shipyard.
Marseille
By the end of the year, the number of Indian seafarers on board the French group's ships will rise to 1,500.
Cargo traffic at the port of Singapore grew by 13.0% last month.
Singapore
Containers amounted to 3,892,370 TEUs (+11.3%)
Filt Cgil, meeting on the importance of Article 17 of Law 84/94
Rome
It will be held tomorrow in Rome at the Frentani Congress Center
Britta Weber has been appointed as the new chief executive officer of the Hupac Group.
Noise
He is the current vice president of UPS Healthcare for Europe and Asia.
Saipem to acquire mobile offshore drilling unit for $272.5 million
Milan
Agreement with Norwegian Deep Value Driller
The 59th edition of the San Giorgio Award will be held in Genoa on February 20th.
Genoa
The Targa San Giorgio will be awarded to Gian Enzo Duci
Filt Cgil appeals against Cartour's authorization to carry out lashing and unlashing operations.
Medlog inaugurates a logistics park at Dammam's King Abdulaziz Port
Geneva
It occupies an area of over 100 thousand square meters
Manageritalia and Assologistica sign the renewal of the Ccnl managers of the logistics
Rome
Monthly gross earnings increase at 750 Euros in three tranche
Subscribed a binding agreement for the acquisition of Qube by Macquarie Asset Management
Sydney
It was unanimously approved by the Australian logistic group Cda
Meyer Turku completed the design of a cruise ship to zero net emissions
Turku
The main fuel is biomethanol
Last year the turnover of Kalmar grew by +1%
Helsinki
Operating income, net profit and new orders in increase respective of +26%, +28% and +8%
Terminal Investment Limited puts hands on the Peruvian port of Pisco
Lima
Acquired the Portuario de Paracas Terminal
Assagenti urges a more constant and timely information on the progress of the work of the new dam of Genoa
Grimaldi has taken delivery of the Grande Michigan
Naples
It is the eighth Pure Car and Truck Carrier ammonia ready of the Neapolitan group
Meeting between the presidents of the Maritime Federation and Assoporti
Rome
Mario Mattioli and Roberto Petri addressed the main issues of the maritime cluster
Morocco's Marsa Maroc participates in the development of the port of Monrovia
Casablanca
Contract for the management of two docks and the construction of a multipurpose terminal
South Korea's Pan Ocean buys ten VLCCs from compatriot SK Shipping
Seoul
Transaction valued at approximately $668 million
Roberto Mantovanelli has been appointed Secretary General of the Northern Adriatic Port Authority.
Venice
The 2026-2028 Three-Year Operational Plan for the Ports of Venice and Chioggia has been approved.
Stefano Messina has been confirmed as president of Assarmatori
Rome
He will also lead the shipowners' association in the four-year period 2026-2030
In 2025, Albanian ports handled a record traffic of 8.2 million tons of goods (+6.2%)
Tirana
A new peak in passengers also amounted to 1.7 million units (+6.4%)
WASS (Fincantieri) has been awarded a contract by Saudi Arabia for the supply of lightweight torpedoes
Trieste
The order is worth more than 200 million euros
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