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Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVII - Number 1/99 - JANUARY 1999

Sea Transport

I campioni della Evergreen

Nel 1998, la rivista Containerisation International ha designato la Evergreen quale "compagnia di navigazione dell'anno". Si tratta del riconoscimento di una vicenda contrassegnata da un incredibile successo che ha visto la compagnia taiwanese crescere da operatore di una sola nave al rango di seconda compagnia di servizi containerizzati del mondo.

Lo scorso anno si è assistito alla continuazione del programma di espansione della Evergreen, che aveva avuto inizio sin dalla costituzione della società nel 1968.

Tra gli avvenimenti significativi degli scorsi anni si possono citare:

  • l'avvio di un nuovo servizio dal Sud-Est asiatico all'Australasia. Esso ha avuto inizio a gennaio del 1997 ed include un accordo relativo all'acquisizione di spazi-containers con la LT (Lloyd Triestino) e la Hanjin Shipping. A maggio dello scorso anno, la Evergreen ha immesso in servizio tonnellaggio proprio e la frequenza è stata raddoppiata sino a due partenze settimanali
  • il lancio di una navetta dedicata dai porti della Costa Orientale degli Stati Uniti (New York/New Jersey, Baltimora, Savannah, Miami) alla ECSA (Rio de Janeiro, Santos, Rio Grande, São Francisco do Sul, Buenos Aires) via Colon e Puerto Cabello. Il servizio è cominciato a maggio del 1998
  • il rilevamento della LT, che ha fornito alla Evergreen una presenza diretta nei traffici che collegano il Mediterraneo all'Africa Orientale, Occidentale e Meridionale, nonché all'Australasia. L'acquisizione in discorso ha inoltre puntellato la posizione della Evergreen nei traffici nel Medio Oriente e del Sub-Continente indiano
  • l'apertura di un terminal dedicato a Colon (Panama)
  • il rinnovamento dell'affitto relativo al proprio terminal di Los Angeles per altri 32 anni
  • l'accordo con l'Autorità Portuale di Taranto al fine di costituire un nodo di raccordo nel Sud dell'Italia.

E Chang Yung-fa, che aveva costituito la Evergreen Marine Corp cominciando le operazioni con una sola nave a doppio ponte di seconda mano, la Central Trust, è ancora al timone.

Nel giro di un anno dalla costituzione della società, Chang aveva inaugurato un servizio regolare di linea dall'Asia al Medio Oriente e nel 1975 la compagnia di navigazione aveva dato inizio al proprio assalto ai traffici di linea a lungo raggio con un servizio che collegava l'Asia alla costa atlantica nel Nordamerica. Nel 1979 venne istituito un collegamento Nord Europa/Asia, mentre l'ultimo traffico - quello nel Nord Atlantico, venne lanciato nel 1984.

Nello stesso anno (ad agosto), la Evergreen e diversi investitori costituirono la Uniglory, principalmente allo scopo di crearsi in casa una propria compagnia di navigazione dedita ai traffici di raccordo in Asia. Anche la Uniglory, cui la Evergreen partecipa con una quota azionaria del 44,93%, ha fatto registrare una rapida crescita. Inoltre, il vettore ha ampliato la propria base clientelare, dal momento che adesso la maggior parte dei carichi consiste di consegne locali di importazione/esportazione per conto di caricatori terzi. Attualmente, il traffico feeder della Evergreen rappresenta meno del 15% delle movimentazioni annue della Uniglory.

Oggi, il gruppo Evergreen con sede a Taipei effettua operazioni con 128 portacontainers per complessivi oltre 280.000 TEU, è presente nella maggior parte delle rotte di linea mondiali e dispone di accordi di agenzia esclusiva ovvero di uffici in più di 70 Paesi. Il gruppo inoltre effettua cospicui investimenti in associazioni imprenditoriali attive nei settori dell'ingegneria marittima, della cantieristica navale e della produzione di contenitori, oltre a gestire una propria linea aerea, la EVA Air. Per di più, la Evergreen gestisce diversi depositi, terminals marittimi e dispone di una branca sempre più importante nel settore alberghiero e del tempo libero.

Nel 1997, il vettore ha movimentato poco più di due milioni di TEU, ma se venissero presi in considerazione i volumi della Uniglory, i carichi trasportati aumenterebbero a più di tre milioni di TEU. Nel 1998, Chang prevede un incremento di più del 12% sino ad approssimativamente 3,5 milioni di TEU. Infatti, la strategia della Evergreen è quella di trasportare più carichi nel tentativo di ridurre i costi unitari.

Ai volumi verrà dato impulso nel 1999 dalla sua capacità di fare scalo diretto nei porti cinesi nell'ambito di alcuni dei propri servizi di linea primaria. Yantian, ad esempio, è stato incluso quale porto di scalo diretto nel contesto del collegamento Taiwan Hong Kong Express del vettore da ottobre del 1998. Nel frattempo, la Evergreen è in attesa di ricevere l'approvazione da parte delle autorità cinesi in ordine all'inclusione di scali a Shanghai e Tianjin nell'ambito del proprio collegamento settimanale Asia/Mediterraneo/Europa.

In termini di carichi di contenitori, la Evergreen rappresenta probabilmente il secondo o terzo operatore a livello mondiale. Ciò rispecchia la sua seconda posizione in base agli spazi-containers di bordo impiegati.

Il vettore, inoltre, ha il più grande registro di ordinazioni del mondo per quanto attiene le compagnie di navigazione di linea, avendo in previsione la consegna di 26 navi per un totale di 89.404 TEU nei prossimi due anni. Ulteriori ordinazioni sono imminenti. La Evergreen ha bisogno di una serie di navi da 2.500/3.000 TEU per i propri servizi Asia/Africa Meridionale/Costa Orientale del Sudamerica. In futuro, in un momento non ancora specificato, questo collegamento assorbirà il servizio navetta dedicato Costa Orientale U.S.A./ECSA della compagnia di navigazione in una operazione ampliata del tipo pendolare.

Sebbene le operazioni pendolari siano in aumento, la Evergreen - che era stata un pioniere delle operazioni giramondo nel 1984 - è intenzionata ad insistere con questa modalità, quanto meno per il momento. In effetti, sotto molti aspetti il servizio giramondo settimanale in direzione est ed in direzione ovest della compagnia di navigazione resta la spina dorsale della sua rete di servizi di linea e - secondo Chang - offre ancora alla Evergreen una notevolissima flessibilità operativa.

La Evergreen, peraltro, non ha ignorato l'incremento delle dimensioni delle navi e le potenzialmente potenti economie di scala conseguibili mediante l'impiego di tonnellaggio post-Panamax più grande. Attualmente, il vettore utilizza 5 navi post-Panamax da 5.346 TEU in un servizio dedicato Asia/Costa Occidentale U.S.A. e ha 13 navi-gemelle sotto ordinazione per una nuova operazione pendolare che collegherà la Costa Occidentale U.S.A., l'Asia ed l'Europa settentrionale. Questo nuovo allacciamento inizierà nel corso del 1999.

Quanto al futuro, la Evergreen ha in programma l'espansione della propria rete di servizi di linea. Essenzialmente, ciò comporterà servizi diretti alla volta dei porti regionali minori, una più elevata frequenza delle partenze sui corridoi-chiave da porto a porto ed una più estesa copertura dei traffici nord/sud.

L'ultimo programma accennato è già pienamente in atto. All'inizio del 1997, la Evergreen aveva fatto il proprio ingresso nei traffici dell'Africa meridionale e sudamericani rilevando il controllo manageriale del servizio Asia/Africa Meridionale/ECSA della Uniglory.

Attualmente, sono in fase di studio nuovi collegamenti tra il Nord Europa ed il Sudamerica - piccoli volumi vengono già movimentati nel contesto dei servizi giramondo della Evergreen e trasbordati nel terminal di proprietà della compagnia di navigazione a Colon (Panama) - e tra l'Europa e l'Africa meridionale.

La Evergreen sta inoltre pensando ad un livello maggiore di integrazione verticale ed alla fornitura di più servizi a maggiore valore aggiunto. Sebbene l'attività da porto a porto sia destinata a restare il nocciolo dell'attività del vettore, è probabile che il futuro sia contrassegnato dalla fornitura di soluzioni di trasporto maggiormente integrate e senza soluzioni di continuità. Non vi è dubbio che il mercato di linea si stia spostando in questa direzione e che i mutamenti in programma agli scenari normativi sia negli U.S.A. che in Europa spingeranno ulteriormente avanti questa concezione.

Allo scopo di conseguire ciò, i vettori avranno bisogno di controllare con maggiore attenzione ogni connessione della catena trasportistica. Certamente, la Evergreen ha incrementato i propri investimenti in nuove infrastrutture portuali ed in imprese di trasporto interno e/o distribuzione. Più di recente, il gruppo ha negoziato un noleggio operativo di 60 anni con l'Autorità Portuale di Taranto, nell'Italia meridionale. L'accordo consente alla Evergreen di sviluppare e poi gestire presso quel porto un centro di trasbordo dalla capacità di due milioni di TEU.

Altrove, la Evergreen è impegnata in un nuovo progetto di sviluppo portuale a Vung Tau, nel Vietnam meridionale, e ha concordato con il Kaohsiung Harbor Bureau i dettagli relativi al noleggio a lungo termine di due ormeggi presso il nuovo complesso Terminal 5 del porto. Nel 1997, la Evergreen ha aperto il suo centro di collegamento America/Caraibi di Colon, a Panama.

E si tratta di un programma destinato ad aumentare. Infatti, Chang ha recentemente alluso agli investimenti da parte del gruppo in "progetti relativi a terminal containers e trasporto di semirimorchi in mercati potenziali quali la Cina ed il Sud-Est asiatico". Il gruppo già deteneva significative partecipazioni in queste regioni, con quote in depositi contenitori a Shanghai e Qingdao.

Chang, peraltro, non è in grado di fornire dettagli circa i programmi del gruppo in relazione alla filosofia operativa del "far da sé". Il dirigente ha frequentemente sottolineato le virtù di questo approccio che consente alla sua compagnia di essere pienamente responsabile del proprio destino e di essere maggiormente flessibile e tempestiva nel far fronte alle esigenze dei propri clienti.

In occasione dell'incontro globale tra i dirigenti delle agenzie della compagnia, svoltosi a Taipei nello scorso mese di ottobre, Chang ha dichiarato: "Con la nostra flessibilità nel prendere le decisioni, la nostra strategia operativa indipendente e la ben nota qualità del servizio, confidiamo che la Evergreen possa essere più che in grado di competere con le alleanze". Egli, peraltro, ha lanciato un avvertimento circa il futuro delle alleanze. "Data tutta questa riorganizzazione in corso, ci vorrà un bello sforzo per conservare una tranquilla cooperazione tra i vari membri".

La compagnia ritiene che lo stesso valga per il sistema delle conferenze di trasporto merci; di qui, la sua decisione di operare come indipendente nella maggior parte delle proprie direttrici di traffico. Tuttavia, essa fa parte dei principali consessi impegnati in trattative, tra cui i due accordi di stabilizzazione riguardanti le rotte transpacifiche in direzione est ed in direzione ovest nonché l'Accordo Trattative Inter Asiatiche.

I risultati della Evergreen nel corso degli ultimi 30 anni sono certamente stati impressionanti. Essa, inoltre, ha riscosso notevoli profitti. Il fatturato dell'organismo quotato in borsa ha raggiunto gli 1,3 miliardi di dollari USA nel 1997. E sebbene la crisi valutaria asiatica abbia tagliato i profitti, la EMC è riuscita a restare in nero, con ricavi netti pari a 32 milioni di dollari USA.

Malgrado il ritiro dagli affari di tutti i giorni e nonostante abbia lasciato le attività manageriali ai propri direttori esecutivi di divisione, Chang è impegnato come sempre. Egli ha concluso la propria relazione in occasione del recente incontro degli agenti con le parole: "Il nostro scopo è quello di mantenere la Evergreen davanti ai propri concorrenti".

Sulla base dei trascorsi risultati della Evergreen e della sua precisa strategia, nonché dei suoi investimenti programmati, il gruppo taiwanese sembra pronto per un brillante futuro. Sulle orme del porto di Kobe, della Contship Italia (Medcenter Container Terminal) e della CP Ships, la Evergreen costituisce un degno vincitore del titolo di "impresa dell'anno" assegnatole per il 1998 da Containerisation International.
(da: Containerisation International, dicembre 1998)

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Marseille/Hamburg
Agreement with the German Eurogate
Over 175 kilos of cocaine seized at the port of Gioia Tauro.
Reggio Calabria/Cagliari
Over 8,500 counterfeit items intercepted at Cagliari's Porto Canale
Global Ship Lease reports record quarterly revenue again
Athens
Youroukos emphasizes the solidity and excellent prospects of the small and medium-sized containership market
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
In the third quarter, Montenegro's ports handled 675 thousand tons of goods (+4.1%)
Podgorica
80.0% growth in cargoes to Italy
Svitzer acquires 66.6% of Norwegian towing company Buksér og Berging
Copenhagen
It has a fleet of approximately 35 tugboats and 25 pilot boats
The keel-laying ceremony for the new oceanographic vessel Arcadia took place in Piombino.
Piombino
Construction entrusted to T. Mariotti
The Management Committee of the Central Adriatic Port Authority has approved the 2026 budget forecast.
Ancona
An administrative surplus of 32.2 million is expected
The UNIPORT public meeting will be held in Rome on November 19th.
Rome
Among the topics at the centre of the meeting was the port system reform project.
Cruise passenger traffic at GPH terminals stable in the summer quarter
Istanbul
1,503 stopovers were recorded (+9.6%) for a total of 4.66 million passengers (+0.8%)
Ocean Network Express establishes its own shipping agency in Greece
Singapore
It will take over the activities of the ENA Shipping Agency
Regional Container Lines orders two new 14,000 TEU containerships from KSOE
Bangkok/Seongnam
MSC includes calls at Bremerhaven, Limassol and Beirut in the Levante Express service
Geneva
The line connects Northern Europe with the Mediterranean
AD Ports to acquire 20% stake in Latakia International Container Terminal
Abu Dhabi
Agreement with the CMA CGM shipping group
The Eastern Liguria Port Authority approves the 2026 budget and three-year plan.
La Spezia
The decree has been signed to begin construction on the new high-voltage electricity grid in the port of La Spezia.
A new SDC Customs Service Containers warehouse has opened in Porto Marghera.
Venice
It will be used for the storage and movement of goods at room temperature
Moby is selling five ferries at a starting price of €229.9 million.
Vicenza
Sale and lease-back agreement expected for two of the vessels
d'Amico International Shipping's quarterly financial results decline
Luxembourg
Mottola Crossbow: The fundamentals of the tanker industry remain solid.
ICTSI posts record quarterly financial and operating performance
Manila
In the period July-September, container traffic in the group's terminals grew by +12.3%
Denmark's DFDS to cut 400 jobs
Copenhagen
The group is looking for a new CEO. Record revenues were recorded in the July-September quarter.
CEVA Logistics has completed the acquisition of Turkey's Borusan Logistics.
Marseille
Operation worth 383 million dollars
1,100 cars from the Chinese car manufacturer Dongfeng were unloaded in the port of Livorno
Livorno
Traffic is managed through the "Il Faldo" logistics area operated by XCA
Assiterminal, the MIT note clarifies that the 90-minute grace period applies only to waiting times
Rome/Genoa
Ferrari: The Conference of Port Authority Presidents could consider a sort of national program agreement.
Harren assigns a single brand to its heavy lift companies
Bremen
The fleet of 80 vessels will be operated under the single SAL brand.
Wallenius Wilhelmsen's revenues fell by 2% in the third quarter.
Lysaker
Net profit was $280 million (+8%)
ESPO has presented its new annual environmental report
Brussels
Climate change remains the top priority for European ports to address
Over €60 million from the PNRR for the ports of Naples and Salerno
Rome
Rixi: Let's make more effective use of European resources and accelerate the implementation of strategic projects.
Agreement between Escola Europea and DLTM to promote international mobility and maritime training
La Spezia
Synergies between the Ligurian maritime cluster and the port and training community of Barcelona
UPS has completed its acquisition of Canada's Andlauer Healthcare Group.
Atlanta/Toronto
Operation worth 1.6 billion dollars
CMA CGM to register ten new 24,212 TEU containerships in the French International Register
Marseille/Copenhagen
The company will take delivery of them starting from 2026
The National Maritime Fund has organised a meeting with the ITS Mare and the maritime training centres
Rome
It will be held on December 3rd in Rome
Two MSC Cruises Musica-class cruise ships undergoing refurbishment in Malta
Geneva
Work at Palumbo Malta Shipyard includes the construction of new suites
Increase in freight traffic in Tuscan ports over the past six months
Livorno
In the first six months of 2025, growth of +2.0% was recorded in Livorno and +4.9% in Piombino
Kalmar closes the third quarter with higher financial results and lower orders
Helsinki
The contribution of the services segment offset the lower performance of equipment sales
COSCO Strengthens Its Bulk Fleet with Orders for 29 Vessels
Shanghai
Orders worth a total of over $1.7 billion for 23 bulk carriers and six VLCCs
Tito Vespasiani has been appointed Secretary General of the Western Ligurian Sea Port Authority.
Genoa
The 2026 budget and the 2026-2028 three-year operational plan were approved.
Assiterminal: Technical roundtable on cruise tourism is a success.
Genoa
An important step - Cognolato highlighted - to enhance the territories and promote an integrated vision of the sector.
Fincantieri signs agreement to develop Saudi Arabia's maritime ecosystem
Trieste
It was signed with the Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources of Riyadh
Yang Ming Signs Contracts for Six New 8,000 TEU Container Ships
Keelung
They will be delivered from 2028 and will replace 5,500 TEU ships
Rijeka Gateway Terminal officially opened
River
It is operated by the joint venture between APM Terminals and Enna Logic
New historical records for quarterly traffic of goods and passengers in Albanian ports
Tirana
2.25 million tons of cargo (+16.7%) and 1.01 million people (+6.4%) moved
The Management Committee of the Southern Adriatic Port Authority takes shape
Bari
The designations of some local administrations are still missing
The Senate's VIII Commission approved the appointment of eight Port System Authority presidents.
Rome
Parliamentary process completed
Carole Montarsolo has been appointed general manager of GNV Morocco
Genoa
Know-how from over ten years of relationships and direct presence in the area
The concession term for Metal Carpenteria in the port of Crotone has been extended.
Gioia Tauro
The deadline has been extended to November 14, 2033
In the period July-September, freight traffic in Tunisian ports grew by +5.4%
La Goulette
Cruise passengers decreased by -10.5%
Wärstilä Corporation closed the third quarter with sales of over 1.6 billion euros (-5.0%)
Helsinki
UPS's latest quarterly financial performance declines
Atlanta
Revenues down by -3.7%
Götz Becker appointed chairman of Interferry
Victoria
The president is Supapan Pichaironarongsongkram, who takes over from Guido Grimaldi
Accelleron and LAB021 partner to develop digital solutions to improve fleet operational efficiency.
The 2026 budget forecast for the Sardinian Sea Port Authority has been approved.
Cagliari
Among the objectives, the strengthening of operational infrastructures on land and dredging
Conference on the culture of prevention in the Italian logistics supply chain
Rome
Organized by Sanilog, it will be held on November 13th in Rome
The PCTC Grande Melbourne was christened and delivered to the Grimaldi Group in China.
Naples
It has a capacity of 9,241 CEUs
A new record in cruise traffic is expected in Italian ports in 2026
Catania
In Catania, Risposte Turismo presented the new edition of the "Italian Cruise Watch" report.
Fincantieri launches the first integrated underwater drone system
Trieste
Tested at the Naval Support and Experimentation Center in La Spezia
Quarterly freight traffic growth at the port of Barcelona. Declining in Algeciras.
Barcelona/Algeciras
In the period July-September, percentage variations of +1.8% and -4.1% respectively were recorded
Filt Cgil: The method adopted to define the port reform is unacceptable.
Rome
The union denounces the lack of involvement of workers' representatives and the lack of prior consultation.
General Assembly of Logistics: Northwest Alliance Renewed
Turin
Liguria, Lombardy, and Piedmont Regions, MIT, RFI, and Ferrovienord Sign Agreement
Konecranes reports quarterly revenue decline while orders rise.
Helsinki
In the period July-September, orders acquired for 1.15 billion euros (+20.1%)
GNV has taken delivery of the new ro-pax GNV Virgo in China
Genoa
It is the first ship powered by liquefied natural gas in the company's fleet.
A new maritime service for rolling stock to North Africa is underway at the Vado Ligure Reefer Terminal.
Vado Ligure
Connection with the Libyan port of Misurata
Grimaldi and China Merchants Shenzhen RoRo Shipping sign cooperation agreement
Naples
Expected to offer greater capacity and a broader and more efficient service network to support Chinese exports
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
The UNIPORT public meeting will be held in Rome on November 19th.
Rome
Among the topics at the centre of the meeting was the port system reform project.
The National Maritime Fund has organised a meeting with the ITS Mare and the maritime training centres
Rome
It will be held on December 3rd in Rome
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Three UAE Firms Eye Investment In Kenya's Port, Renewable Energy, And Shipping Projects
(Capital FM Kenya)
Foreign firms to operate 3 terminals under Ctg Port for up to 30 years; deals by December
(The Business Standard)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
The 2026 budget forecast and the POT of the Port System Authority of the Southern Tyrrhenian and Ionian Seas have been adopted.
Gioia Tauro
Piacenza: Cold ironing is also important to avoid having to face significant fines.
The Port of La Spezia has completed its first cold ironing tests at Molo Garibaldi.
La Spezia
The transformation cabin at the dock has been connected to the cruise ship "MSC Seaview"
Global Ports Holding has signed a contract to manage the Casablanca cruise terminal.
Istanbul
15-year agreement with option for a 20-year extension
A conference on e-commerce returns at LIUC
Castellanza
In the fashion sector they represent over 30% of online orders in Europe
Australian Scott McKay is the new president of the International Cargo Handling Association.
London
He took over from John Beckett
Fincantieri and Defcomm sign agreement for the development of surface drones.
Trieste
Co-investment to accelerate its industrialization
Container traffic in the port of Valencia fell by 11.6% in September.
Valencia
In the third quarter of 2025, overall freight traffic decreased by -3.2%
Container traffic at the Port of Long Beach increased by 0.7% in the third quarter.
Long Beach
Empty spaces are rising. Full capacity at boarding and disembarking is down 1.0% and 8.5% respectively.
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