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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVII - Number 1/99 - JANUARY 1999

Sea Transport

I campioni della Evergreen

Nel 1998, la rivista Containerisation International ha designato la Evergreen quale "compagnia di navigazione dell'anno". Si tratta del riconoscimento di una vicenda contrassegnata da un incredibile successo che ha visto la compagnia taiwanese crescere da operatore di una sola nave al rango di seconda compagnia di servizi containerizzati del mondo.

Lo scorso anno si è assistito alla continuazione del programma di espansione della Evergreen, che aveva avuto inizio sin dalla costituzione della società nel 1968.

Tra gli avvenimenti significativi degli scorsi anni si possono citare:

  • l'avvio di un nuovo servizio dal Sud-Est asiatico all'Australasia. Esso ha avuto inizio a gennaio del 1997 ed include un accordo relativo all'acquisizione di spazi-containers con la LT (Lloyd Triestino) e la Hanjin Shipping. A maggio dello scorso anno, la Evergreen ha immesso in servizio tonnellaggio proprio e la frequenza è stata raddoppiata sino a due partenze settimanali
  • il lancio di una navetta dedicata dai porti della Costa Orientale degli Stati Uniti (New York/New Jersey, Baltimora, Savannah, Miami) alla ECSA (Rio de Janeiro, Santos, Rio Grande, São Francisco do Sul, Buenos Aires) via Colon e Puerto Cabello. Il servizio è cominciato a maggio del 1998
  • il rilevamento della LT, che ha fornito alla Evergreen una presenza diretta nei traffici che collegano il Mediterraneo all'Africa Orientale, Occidentale e Meridionale, nonché all'Australasia. L'acquisizione in discorso ha inoltre puntellato la posizione della Evergreen nei traffici nel Medio Oriente e del Sub-Continente indiano
  • l'apertura di un terminal dedicato a Colon (Panama)
  • il rinnovamento dell'affitto relativo al proprio terminal di Los Angeles per altri 32 anni
  • l'accordo con l'Autorità Portuale di Taranto al fine di costituire un nodo di raccordo nel Sud dell'Italia.

E Chang Yung-fa, che aveva costituito la Evergreen Marine Corp cominciando le operazioni con una sola nave a doppio ponte di seconda mano, la Central Trust, è ancora al timone.

Nel giro di un anno dalla costituzione della società, Chang aveva inaugurato un servizio regolare di linea dall'Asia al Medio Oriente e nel 1975 la compagnia di navigazione aveva dato inizio al proprio assalto ai traffici di linea a lungo raggio con un servizio che collegava l'Asia alla costa atlantica nel Nordamerica. Nel 1979 venne istituito un collegamento Nord Europa/Asia, mentre l'ultimo traffico - quello nel Nord Atlantico, venne lanciato nel 1984.

Nello stesso anno (ad agosto), la Evergreen e diversi investitori costituirono la Uniglory, principalmente allo scopo di crearsi in casa una propria compagnia di navigazione dedita ai traffici di raccordo in Asia. Anche la Uniglory, cui la Evergreen partecipa con una quota azionaria del 44,93%, ha fatto registrare una rapida crescita. Inoltre, il vettore ha ampliato la propria base clientelare, dal momento che adesso la maggior parte dei carichi consiste di consegne locali di importazione/esportazione per conto di caricatori terzi. Attualmente, il traffico feeder della Evergreen rappresenta meno del 15% delle movimentazioni annue della Uniglory.

Oggi, il gruppo Evergreen con sede a Taipei effettua operazioni con 128 portacontainers per complessivi oltre 280.000 TEU, è presente nella maggior parte delle rotte di linea mondiali e dispone di accordi di agenzia esclusiva ovvero di uffici in più di 70 Paesi. Il gruppo inoltre effettua cospicui investimenti in associazioni imprenditoriali attive nei settori dell'ingegneria marittima, della cantieristica navale e della produzione di contenitori, oltre a gestire una propria linea aerea, la EVA Air. Per di più, la Evergreen gestisce diversi depositi, terminals marittimi e dispone di una branca sempre più importante nel settore alberghiero e del tempo libero.

Nel 1997, il vettore ha movimentato poco più di due milioni di TEU, ma se venissero presi in considerazione i volumi della Uniglory, i carichi trasportati aumenterebbero a più di tre milioni di TEU. Nel 1998, Chang prevede un incremento di più del 12% sino ad approssimativamente 3,5 milioni di TEU. Infatti, la strategia della Evergreen è quella di trasportare più carichi nel tentativo di ridurre i costi unitari.

Ai volumi verrà dato impulso nel 1999 dalla sua capacità di fare scalo diretto nei porti cinesi nell'ambito di alcuni dei propri servizi di linea primaria. Yantian, ad esempio, è stato incluso quale porto di scalo diretto nel contesto del collegamento Taiwan Hong Kong Express del vettore da ottobre del 1998. Nel frattempo, la Evergreen è in attesa di ricevere l'approvazione da parte delle autorità cinesi in ordine all'inclusione di scali a Shanghai e Tianjin nell'ambito del proprio collegamento settimanale Asia/Mediterraneo/Europa.

In termini di carichi di contenitori, la Evergreen rappresenta probabilmente il secondo o terzo operatore a livello mondiale. Ciò rispecchia la sua seconda posizione in base agli spazi-containers di bordo impiegati.

Il vettore, inoltre, ha il più grande registro di ordinazioni del mondo per quanto attiene le compagnie di navigazione di linea, avendo in previsione la consegna di 26 navi per un totale di 89.404 TEU nei prossimi due anni. Ulteriori ordinazioni sono imminenti. La Evergreen ha bisogno di una serie di navi da 2.500/3.000 TEU per i propri servizi Asia/Africa Meridionale/Costa Orientale del Sudamerica. In futuro, in un momento non ancora specificato, questo collegamento assorbirà il servizio navetta dedicato Costa Orientale U.S.A./ECSA della compagnia di navigazione in una operazione ampliata del tipo pendolare.

Sebbene le operazioni pendolari siano in aumento, la Evergreen - che era stata un pioniere delle operazioni giramondo nel 1984 - è intenzionata ad insistere con questa modalità, quanto meno per il momento. In effetti, sotto molti aspetti il servizio giramondo settimanale in direzione est ed in direzione ovest della compagnia di navigazione resta la spina dorsale della sua rete di servizi di linea e - secondo Chang - offre ancora alla Evergreen una notevolissima flessibilità operativa.

La Evergreen, peraltro, non ha ignorato l'incremento delle dimensioni delle navi e le potenzialmente potenti economie di scala conseguibili mediante l'impiego di tonnellaggio post-Panamax più grande. Attualmente, il vettore utilizza 5 navi post-Panamax da 5.346 TEU in un servizio dedicato Asia/Costa Occidentale U.S.A. e ha 13 navi-gemelle sotto ordinazione per una nuova operazione pendolare che collegherà la Costa Occidentale U.S.A., l'Asia ed l'Europa settentrionale. Questo nuovo allacciamento inizierà nel corso del 1999.

Quanto al futuro, la Evergreen ha in programma l'espansione della propria rete di servizi di linea. Essenzialmente, ciò comporterà servizi diretti alla volta dei porti regionali minori, una più elevata frequenza delle partenze sui corridoi-chiave da porto a porto ed una più estesa copertura dei traffici nord/sud.

L'ultimo programma accennato è già pienamente in atto. All'inizio del 1997, la Evergreen aveva fatto il proprio ingresso nei traffici dell'Africa meridionale e sudamericani rilevando il controllo manageriale del servizio Asia/Africa Meridionale/ECSA della Uniglory.

Attualmente, sono in fase di studio nuovi collegamenti tra il Nord Europa ed il Sudamerica - piccoli volumi vengono già movimentati nel contesto dei servizi giramondo della Evergreen e trasbordati nel terminal di proprietà della compagnia di navigazione a Colon (Panama) - e tra l'Europa e l'Africa meridionale.

La Evergreen sta inoltre pensando ad un livello maggiore di integrazione verticale ed alla fornitura di più servizi a maggiore valore aggiunto. Sebbene l'attività da porto a porto sia destinata a restare il nocciolo dell'attività del vettore, è probabile che il futuro sia contrassegnato dalla fornitura di soluzioni di trasporto maggiormente integrate e senza soluzioni di continuità. Non vi è dubbio che il mercato di linea si stia spostando in questa direzione e che i mutamenti in programma agli scenari normativi sia negli U.S.A. che in Europa spingeranno ulteriormente avanti questa concezione.

Allo scopo di conseguire ciò, i vettori avranno bisogno di controllare con maggiore attenzione ogni connessione della catena trasportistica. Certamente, la Evergreen ha incrementato i propri investimenti in nuove infrastrutture portuali ed in imprese di trasporto interno e/o distribuzione. Più di recente, il gruppo ha negoziato un noleggio operativo di 60 anni con l'Autorità Portuale di Taranto, nell'Italia meridionale. L'accordo consente alla Evergreen di sviluppare e poi gestire presso quel porto un centro di trasbordo dalla capacità di due milioni di TEU.

Altrove, la Evergreen è impegnata in un nuovo progetto di sviluppo portuale a Vung Tau, nel Vietnam meridionale, e ha concordato con il Kaohsiung Harbor Bureau i dettagli relativi al noleggio a lungo termine di due ormeggi presso il nuovo complesso Terminal 5 del porto. Nel 1997, la Evergreen ha aperto il suo centro di collegamento America/Caraibi di Colon, a Panama.

E si tratta di un programma destinato ad aumentare. Infatti, Chang ha recentemente alluso agli investimenti da parte del gruppo in "progetti relativi a terminal containers e trasporto di semirimorchi in mercati potenziali quali la Cina ed il Sud-Est asiatico". Il gruppo già deteneva significative partecipazioni in queste regioni, con quote in depositi contenitori a Shanghai e Qingdao.

Chang, peraltro, non è in grado di fornire dettagli circa i programmi del gruppo in relazione alla filosofia operativa del "far da sé". Il dirigente ha frequentemente sottolineato le virtù di questo approccio che consente alla sua compagnia di essere pienamente responsabile del proprio destino e di essere maggiormente flessibile e tempestiva nel far fronte alle esigenze dei propri clienti.

In occasione dell'incontro globale tra i dirigenti delle agenzie della compagnia, svoltosi a Taipei nello scorso mese di ottobre, Chang ha dichiarato: "Con la nostra flessibilità nel prendere le decisioni, la nostra strategia operativa indipendente e la ben nota qualità del servizio, confidiamo che la Evergreen possa essere più che in grado di competere con le alleanze". Egli, peraltro, ha lanciato un avvertimento circa il futuro delle alleanze. "Data tutta questa riorganizzazione in corso, ci vorrà un bello sforzo per conservare una tranquilla cooperazione tra i vari membri".

La compagnia ritiene che lo stesso valga per il sistema delle conferenze di trasporto merci; di qui, la sua decisione di operare come indipendente nella maggior parte delle proprie direttrici di traffico. Tuttavia, essa fa parte dei principali consessi impegnati in trattative, tra cui i due accordi di stabilizzazione riguardanti le rotte transpacifiche in direzione est ed in direzione ovest nonché l'Accordo Trattative Inter Asiatiche.

I risultati della Evergreen nel corso degli ultimi 30 anni sono certamente stati impressionanti. Essa, inoltre, ha riscosso notevoli profitti. Il fatturato dell'organismo quotato in borsa ha raggiunto gli 1,3 miliardi di dollari USA nel 1997. E sebbene la crisi valutaria asiatica abbia tagliato i profitti, la EMC è riuscita a restare in nero, con ricavi netti pari a 32 milioni di dollari USA.

Malgrado il ritiro dagli affari di tutti i giorni e nonostante abbia lasciato le attività manageriali ai propri direttori esecutivi di divisione, Chang è impegnato come sempre. Egli ha concluso la propria relazione in occasione del recente incontro degli agenti con le parole: "Il nostro scopo è quello di mantenere la Evergreen davanti ai propri concorrenti".

Sulla base dei trascorsi risultati della Evergreen e della sua precisa strategia, nonché dei suoi investimenti programmati, il gruppo taiwanese sembra pronto per un brillante futuro. Sulle orme del porto di Kobe, della Contship Italia (Medcenter Container Terminal) e della CP Ships, la Evergreen costituisce un degno vincitore del titolo di "impresa dell'anno" assegnatole per il 1998 da Containerisation International.
(da: Containerisation International, dicembre 1998)

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In the period January-March, freight traffic in the port of Koper decreased by -3.9%
Ljubljana
In the container sector, 2.4 million tons were handled (-1.7%)
The Maritime Union has raised new alarm over the fate of former ILVA ships.
Verona
Their possible demolition puts 240 maritime jobs at risk
Last chance to recognize some port jobs as strenuous and to establish a pension fund
Genoa
Siemens to acquire Italian MERMEC business
Monk
The transaction will include the Ferrosud rolling stock production plant in Matera
Growth in intermodal traffic at the Nola interport
Nola/Milan
Economic and financial analysis by the Fedespedi Research Center on freight terminal management companies
Quarterly decline in goods handled by Montenegro's ports
Podgorica
The increase in cargo volumes to and from Italian ports continues, albeit at a slower pace.
Assarmatori denounces the exclusion of maritime transport from the Fuel Decree-Law II.
Rome
Messina: The sector cannot be expected to absorb the impact of fuel price increases alone.
HHLA records a -5.3% decline in containers handled in the first quarter
Hamburg
Eijsink: An unusually harsh winter has significantly limited our daily operations
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
MSC Technology Italy launches a plan to hire 200 new people.
Turin/Geneva
MSC Cruises debuts in the Alaska market
The Marche Region has approved Carloni's appointment as president of the Central Adriatic Port Authority.
Ancona
Awaiting the opinion of the Abruzzo Regional Council
Greek company Danaos Corporation's quarterly revenues remain stable.
Athens
Two ships of the company are still blocked in the Persian Gulf
Container traffic at the Port of Los Angeles increased by 5.7% in April.
Los Angeles/Port Newark
In the first three months of 2026, the Port of New York handled nearly 2.2 million TEUs (-1.2%)
Cognolato was confirmed as president of Assiterminal
Rome
The new presidency committee and board of directors were also elected
In the first quarter of 2026, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna increased by +0.8%
Ravenna
The growth was driven by the entry into operation of the regasification plant
MSC introduces calls at Naples and Malaga on its Dragon service
Geneva
Calls at the Gioia Tauro port have been cancelled.
The National Maritime Fund's board has been renewed.
Genoa
He will remain in office for three years
Network contract for the joint development of intermodal services in Emilia-Romagna
Bologna
It was signed by Interporto Bologna, Dinazzano Po S, SAPIR and Rail Traction Company
Messina (Assarmatori): European technocracy appears inflexible on the EU ETS
Brussels
He underlines that a significant improvement of these policies is necessary.
d'Amico International Shipping's first quarter results are positive.
Luxembourg
The company benefited from the effects of geopolitical tensions
Two orientation events in Livorno and Naples to present the ITS Purser course.
Genoa
Meetings scheduled by the Italian Merchant Marine Academy with the Grimaldi Group
The bow section of the Explora V was launched in Palermo
Geneva
Fincantieri will deliver the cruise ship to Explora Journeys in 2027
The president of the Eastern Adriatic Port Authority is the new president of Trieste Passenger Terminal.
Trieste
He takes over from Gianluca Madriz
Port of Olbia: Seabed restoration work has begun in the access channel to Isola Bianca.
Cagliari
The aim is to safely allow large cruise ships to enter
Damen to renovate and operate Dakar ship repair yard
Dakar/Gorinchem
20-year contract with the Société des Infrastructures de Réparation Navale
Savino Del Bene has acquired three companies of the Spanish Grupo Marítima Sureste
Florence/Valencia
The agreement involves Marítima Sureste Shipping, Marítima Sureste Spain and Transportes Gaypemar
Fim-Cisl, the meeting with Fincantieri regarding the Muggiano shipyard's prospects was positive.
La Spezia
The investments announced by management - the union noted - are going in the right direction.
Marabello is the new secretary general of the Strait of Messina Port Authority.
Messina
The assignment lasts four years
Rising energy costs weigh on Finnlines' latest quarterly financial statement.
Helsinki
Doepel: Burdens further increased by EU ETS implementation
Heavy lift vessel HMM Namu hit near the Strait of Hormuz
Seoul
The accident did not cause any casualties.
DFDS's quarterly financial performance deteriorates
Copenhagen
The fleet's rolling stock is growing. Passenger numbers are down 18%.
From May 21st to 23rd, Ravenna will host "Deportibus - The Festival of Ports Connecting the World."
Ravenna
Kalmar records quarterly decline in new orders
Helsinki
In the January-March period, revenues increased by +5%
Job openings are growing for the port companies of Trieste and Monfalcone.
Trieste
Delivery of a recognition plaque
In the first quarter of 2026, Costamare's revenues decreased by -5.3%
Monk
Orders confirmed for 12 new 9,200 TEU vessels and four 3,100 TEU vessels
ICTSI posts new quarterly financial and operating records
Manila
The results benefited from the contribution of the new BACT and DGT terminals
MSC to launch service between the Red Sea and Northern Europe via the Suez Canal
Geneva
Truck and feeder connections to Persian Gulf ports are planned
The first batch of cold ironing work has been awarded to the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
The total investment is 41 million euros
Konecranes' turnover decreased by -7.7% in the first quarter of 2026.
Helsinki
The value of new orders acquired in the period remained unchanged
New ART provision on regulatory measures for the awarding of maritime cabotage services
Rome
New elements in the service award procedures
Appointment of the extraordinary commissioners of the Central Adriatic and Eastern Sicily Port Authority
Rome
Salvini asks the governors of Marche and Abruzzo to reach an agreement on Lega Nord's Carloni.
Confitarma welcomes the approval of the bill to enhance marine resources.
Rome
Zanetti: a further step in the direction long indicated by the Confederation
The 2025 financial statements of the Northern Tyrrhenian and Eastern Adriatic Port Authorities have been approved.
Livorno/Trieste
They were examined today by the Management Committees
Record quarterly freight traffic in Albanian ports
Tirana
In the first quarter of this year, almost 2.3 million tons were handled (+38.8%)
DSV records a decline in net profit of -41.7% in the first quarter
Hedehusene
Downturn due to extraordinary expenses for the merger with Schenker
The 2025 budget of the Southern Tyrrhenian and Ionian Sea Port Authority has been approved.
Gioia Tauro
Administrative surplus of 128.9 million euros
Filt, Fit and Uilt urge the Western Liguria Port Authority to focus on worker and safety issues
Genoa
A meeting of port workers next Tuesday
Rixi: Additional resources for the completion of Genoa's new breakwater.
Rome
They will be used for the consolidation of the seabed and for design adjustments
Chinese terminal operators COSCO Shipping Ports and CMPort report increased quarterly revenues.
Hong Kong
Increases determined by the greater volume of containers handled by port terminals
Dirk Jan Storm has been appointed president of PSA Italy
Genoa
He takes over from Marco Conforti, who has reached the end of his three-year term.
In the first three months of 2026, CIMC's container sales decreased by -10.5%
Hong Kong
Dry box sales dropped 13.3%. Reefer sales increased 30.2%.
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
From May 21st to 23rd, Ravenna will host "Deportibus - The Festival of Ports Connecting the World."
Ravenna
Three days of round tables, conferences, interviews, meetings and shows to tell the story of the port
The public meeting of the Genoa freight forwarders' association will be held on April 27th.
Genoa
Appointment at the Stock Exchange Palace
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Shipbuilding's Spring Illusion: Backbone Collapses
(The Chosun Daily)
Russian shipbuilding holding USC designing high ice-class container ship for Rosatom for Northern Sea Route
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
The Western Sicily Port Authority opens access to funds for the PNRR training program to entities with private contracts.
Palermo
Rhenus has acquired the entire capital of LBH Global Agencies
Holzwickede
51% stake acquired from the Lagendijk family
The Genoa Port Authority's 2025 report on ship emissions has been published.
Genoa
228 inspections carried out to verify nitrogen oxide emission levels
Assoporti's second traveling assembly in Bari
Bari
The first meeting held in Venice follows
APM Terminals and Hateco to Build Container Terminal in Da Nang Port
The Hague
It will have a capacity of 5.7 million TEUs. An investment of over $1.7 billion.
Cavotec records record orders in the maritime-port segment
Stockholm
Strong demand for shore power system installations
FS Logistix-ANITA launches its new Bologna-Marcianise freight rail service.
Rome
Perform four weekly rotations
Taiwanese Evergreen, Yang Ming and Wan Hai Lines saw quarterly revenue decline
Taipei/Keelung
In March, the decreases were -17.8%, -5.9% and -10.7% respectively.
Gianpaolo Serpagli is the new president of the Unione Interporti Riuniti.
Rome
He is president of Cepim Spa - Parma Interport
From GreenMedPorts a pragmatic approach to the development of green maritime corridors in the Mediterranean
Livorno
The concession term for APM Terminals' terminal in Valencia has been extended by eight years.
Valencia
It will expire in 2049 upon reaching 50 years
In the first quarter, freight traffic in Spanish ports decreased by -1.3%
Valencia/Madrid
Cruise passengers grow by +15.7%
Grimaldi has taken delivery of the PCTC Grande Inghilterra
Naples
The vessel has a maximum capacity of 9,000 TEUs
In 2025, Blu Navy ferries carried over one million passengers
Portoferraio
ABB Group revenues grew by 18% in the first quarter of 2026
Zurich
Strong increase (+32%) in the value of new orders
Contship Italia has joined the Smart Freight Centre
Melzo
The international organization is committed to the decarbonization of freight transport
Container traffic at CMPort terminals grew by 4.4% in the first quarter
Hong Kong
Record for this time of year
CargoBeamer has extended its Liège-Domodossola intermodal service to the Parma Interporto.
Leipzig
Six round trips per week were made
The antitrust authority has approved Medlog's acquisition of MVN.
Rome
The deadline for concluding the proceedings regarding the Messina-Terminal San Giorgio merger has been extended to May 27.
Fincantieri Marinette Marine shipyard to build aluminum naval drones
National Harbor
The autonomous naval vessels, weighing 250 tons, will be 52 meters long and have a maximum speed of 30 knots.
Truck driver hit and killed at a road haulage strike picket line
Rome
Trasportounito suspends the national shutdown of the sector
CK Hutchison reports record annual revenues in the port segment
Hong Kong
Turnover generated by European terminals grew by +13%
The public meeting of the Genoa freight forwarders' association will be held on April 27th.
Genoa
Meeting at the Stock Exchange Palace
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the new Pure Car & Truck Carrier vessel Grande Tokyo.
Naples
It has a cargo capacity of 9,241 ceu
Falteri (Federlogistica): The crisis in the Persian Gulf does not justify such rapid and widespread increases in energy prices.
Genoa
GNV has introduced a former Moby ferry into its fleet
Genoa
The ship will undergo refitting operations
Over 65 kilos of cocaine were seized in the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
They were hidden at the bottom of a wooden chest of drawers
Bunkering in the port of Rotterdam decreased by -25% in the first quarter
Rotterdam/Paris
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