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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVII - Number 1/99 - JANUARY 1999

Sea Transport

I campioni della Evergreen

Nel 1998, la rivista Containerisation International ha designato la Evergreen quale "compagnia di navigazione dell'anno". Si tratta del riconoscimento di una vicenda contrassegnata da un incredibile successo che ha visto la compagnia taiwanese crescere da operatore di una sola nave al rango di seconda compagnia di servizi containerizzati del mondo.

Lo scorso anno si è assistito alla continuazione del programma di espansione della Evergreen, che aveva avuto inizio sin dalla costituzione della società nel 1968.

Tra gli avvenimenti significativi degli scorsi anni si possono citare:

  • l'avvio di un nuovo servizio dal Sud-Est asiatico all'Australasia. Esso ha avuto inizio a gennaio del 1997 ed include un accordo relativo all'acquisizione di spazi-containers con la LT (Lloyd Triestino) e la Hanjin Shipping. A maggio dello scorso anno, la Evergreen ha immesso in servizio tonnellaggio proprio e la frequenza è stata raddoppiata sino a due partenze settimanali
  • il lancio di una navetta dedicata dai porti della Costa Orientale degli Stati Uniti (New York/New Jersey, Baltimora, Savannah, Miami) alla ECSA (Rio de Janeiro, Santos, Rio Grande, São Francisco do Sul, Buenos Aires) via Colon e Puerto Cabello. Il servizio è cominciato a maggio del 1998
  • il rilevamento della LT, che ha fornito alla Evergreen una presenza diretta nei traffici che collegano il Mediterraneo all'Africa Orientale, Occidentale e Meridionale, nonché all'Australasia. L'acquisizione in discorso ha inoltre puntellato la posizione della Evergreen nei traffici nel Medio Oriente e del Sub-Continente indiano
  • l'apertura di un terminal dedicato a Colon (Panama)
  • il rinnovamento dell'affitto relativo al proprio terminal di Los Angeles per altri 32 anni
  • l'accordo con l'Autorità Portuale di Taranto al fine di costituire un nodo di raccordo nel Sud dell'Italia.

E Chang Yung-fa, che aveva costituito la Evergreen Marine Corp cominciando le operazioni con una sola nave a doppio ponte di seconda mano, la Central Trust, è ancora al timone.

Nel giro di un anno dalla costituzione della società, Chang aveva inaugurato un servizio regolare di linea dall'Asia al Medio Oriente e nel 1975 la compagnia di navigazione aveva dato inizio al proprio assalto ai traffici di linea a lungo raggio con un servizio che collegava l'Asia alla costa atlantica nel Nordamerica. Nel 1979 venne istituito un collegamento Nord Europa/Asia, mentre l'ultimo traffico - quello nel Nord Atlantico, venne lanciato nel 1984.

Nello stesso anno (ad agosto), la Evergreen e diversi investitori costituirono la Uniglory, principalmente allo scopo di crearsi in casa una propria compagnia di navigazione dedita ai traffici di raccordo in Asia. Anche la Uniglory, cui la Evergreen partecipa con una quota azionaria del 44,93%, ha fatto registrare una rapida crescita. Inoltre, il vettore ha ampliato la propria base clientelare, dal momento che adesso la maggior parte dei carichi consiste di consegne locali di importazione/esportazione per conto di caricatori terzi. Attualmente, il traffico feeder della Evergreen rappresenta meno del 15% delle movimentazioni annue della Uniglory.

Oggi, il gruppo Evergreen con sede a Taipei effettua operazioni con 128 portacontainers per complessivi oltre 280.000 TEU, è presente nella maggior parte delle rotte di linea mondiali e dispone di accordi di agenzia esclusiva ovvero di uffici in più di 70 Paesi. Il gruppo inoltre effettua cospicui investimenti in associazioni imprenditoriali attive nei settori dell'ingegneria marittima, della cantieristica navale e della produzione di contenitori, oltre a gestire una propria linea aerea, la EVA Air. Per di più, la Evergreen gestisce diversi depositi, terminals marittimi e dispone di una branca sempre più importante nel settore alberghiero e del tempo libero.

Nel 1997, il vettore ha movimentato poco più di due milioni di TEU, ma se venissero presi in considerazione i volumi della Uniglory, i carichi trasportati aumenterebbero a più di tre milioni di TEU. Nel 1998, Chang prevede un incremento di più del 12% sino ad approssimativamente 3,5 milioni di TEU. Infatti, la strategia della Evergreen è quella di trasportare più carichi nel tentativo di ridurre i costi unitari.

Ai volumi verrà dato impulso nel 1999 dalla sua capacità di fare scalo diretto nei porti cinesi nell'ambito di alcuni dei propri servizi di linea primaria. Yantian, ad esempio, è stato incluso quale porto di scalo diretto nel contesto del collegamento Taiwan Hong Kong Express del vettore da ottobre del 1998. Nel frattempo, la Evergreen è in attesa di ricevere l'approvazione da parte delle autorità cinesi in ordine all'inclusione di scali a Shanghai e Tianjin nell'ambito del proprio collegamento settimanale Asia/Mediterraneo/Europa.

In termini di carichi di contenitori, la Evergreen rappresenta probabilmente il secondo o terzo operatore a livello mondiale. Ciò rispecchia la sua seconda posizione in base agli spazi-containers di bordo impiegati.

Il vettore, inoltre, ha il più grande registro di ordinazioni del mondo per quanto attiene le compagnie di navigazione di linea, avendo in previsione la consegna di 26 navi per un totale di 89.404 TEU nei prossimi due anni. Ulteriori ordinazioni sono imminenti. La Evergreen ha bisogno di una serie di navi da 2.500/3.000 TEU per i propri servizi Asia/Africa Meridionale/Costa Orientale del Sudamerica. In futuro, in un momento non ancora specificato, questo collegamento assorbirà il servizio navetta dedicato Costa Orientale U.S.A./ECSA della compagnia di navigazione in una operazione ampliata del tipo pendolare.

Sebbene le operazioni pendolari siano in aumento, la Evergreen - che era stata un pioniere delle operazioni giramondo nel 1984 - è intenzionata ad insistere con questa modalità, quanto meno per il momento. In effetti, sotto molti aspetti il servizio giramondo settimanale in direzione est ed in direzione ovest della compagnia di navigazione resta la spina dorsale della sua rete di servizi di linea e - secondo Chang - offre ancora alla Evergreen una notevolissima flessibilità operativa.

La Evergreen, peraltro, non ha ignorato l'incremento delle dimensioni delle navi e le potenzialmente potenti economie di scala conseguibili mediante l'impiego di tonnellaggio post-Panamax più grande. Attualmente, il vettore utilizza 5 navi post-Panamax da 5.346 TEU in un servizio dedicato Asia/Costa Occidentale U.S.A. e ha 13 navi-gemelle sotto ordinazione per una nuova operazione pendolare che collegherà la Costa Occidentale U.S.A., l'Asia ed l'Europa settentrionale. Questo nuovo allacciamento inizierà nel corso del 1999.

Quanto al futuro, la Evergreen ha in programma l'espansione della propria rete di servizi di linea. Essenzialmente, ciò comporterà servizi diretti alla volta dei porti regionali minori, una più elevata frequenza delle partenze sui corridoi-chiave da porto a porto ed una più estesa copertura dei traffici nord/sud.

L'ultimo programma accennato è già pienamente in atto. All'inizio del 1997, la Evergreen aveva fatto il proprio ingresso nei traffici dell'Africa meridionale e sudamericani rilevando il controllo manageriale del servizio Asia/Africa Meridionale/ECSA della Uniglory.

Attualmente, sono in fase di studio nuovi collegamenti tra il Nord Europa ed il Sudamerica - piccoli volumi vengono già movimentati nel contesto dei servizi giramondo della Evergreen e trasbordati nel terminal di proprietà della compagnia di navigazione a Colon (Panama) - e tra l'Europa e l'Africa meridionale.

La Evergreen sta inoltre pensando ad un livello maggiore di integrazione verticale ed alla fornitura di più servizi a maggiore valore aggiunto. Sebbene l'attività da porto a porto sia destinata a restare il nocciolo dell'attività del vettore, è probabile che il futuro sia contrassegnato dalla fornitura di soluzioni di trasporto maggiormente integrate e senza soluzioni di continuità. Non vi è dubbio che il mercato di linea si stia spostando in questa direzione e che i mutamenti in programma agli scenari normativi sia negli U.S.A. che in Europa spingeranno ulteriormente avanti questa concezione.

Allo scopo di conseguire ciò, i vettori avranno bisogno di controllare con maggiore attenzione ogni connessione della catena trasportistica. Certamente, la Evergreen ha incrementato i propri investimenti in nuove infrastrutture portuali ed in imprese di trasporto interno e/o distribuzione. Più di recente, il gruppo ha negoziato un noleggio operativo di 60 anni con l'Autorità Portuale di Taranto, nell'Italia meridionale. L'accordo consente alla Evergreen di sviluppare e poi gestire presso quel porto un centro di trasbordo dalla capacità di due milioni di TEU.

Altrove, la Evergreen è impegnata in un nuovo progetto di sviluppo portuale a Vung Tau, nel Vietnam meridionale, e ha concordato con il Kaohsiung Harbor Bureau i dettagli relativi al noleggio a lungo termine di due ormeggi presso il nuovo complesso Terminal 5 del porto. Nel 1997, la Evergreen ha aperto il suo centro di collegamento America/Caraibi di Colon, a Panama.

E si tratta di un programma destinato ad aumentare. Infatti, Chang ha recentemente alluso agli investimenti da parte del gruppo in "progetti relativi a terminal containers e trasporto di semirimorchi in mercati potenziali quali la Cina ed il Sud-Est asiatico". Il gruppo già deteneva significative partecipazioni in queste regioni, con quote in depositi contenitori a Shanghai e Qingdao.

Chang, peraltro, non è in grado di fornire dettagli circa i programmi del gruppo in relazione alla filosofia operativa del "far da sé". Il dirigente ha frequentemente sottolineato le virtù di questo approccio che consente alla sua compagnia di essere pienamente responsabile del proprio destino e di essere maggiormente flessibile e tempestiva nel far fronte alle esigenze dei propri clienti.

In occasione dell'incontro globale tra i dirigenti delle agenzie della compagnia, svoltosi a Taipei nello scorso mese di ottobre, Chang ha dichiarato: "Con la nostra flessibilità nel prendere le decisioni, la nostra strategia operativa indipendente e la ben nota qualità del servizio, confidiamo che la Evergreen possa essere più che in grado di competere con le alleanze". Egli, peraltro, ha lanciato un avvertimento circa il futuro delle alleanze. "Data tutta questa riorganizzazione in corso, ci vorrà un bello sforzo per conservare una tranquilla cooperazione tra i vari membri".

La compagnia ritiene che lo stesso valga per il sistema delle conferenze di trasporto merci; di qui, la sua decisione di operare come indipendente nella maggior parte delle proprie direttrici di traffico. Tuttavia, essa fa parte dei principali consessi impegnati in trattative, tra cui i due accordi di stabilizzazione riguardanti le rotte transpacifiche in direzione est ed in direzione ovest nonché l'Accordo Trattative Inter Asiatiche.

I risultati della Evergreen nel corso degli ultimi 30 anni sono certamente stati impressionanti. Essa, inoltre, ha riscosso notevoli profitti. Il fatturato dell'organismo quotato in borsa ha raggiunto gli 1,3 miliardi di dollari USA nel 1997. E sebbene la crisi valutaria asiatica abbia tagliato i profitti, la EMC è riuscita a restare in nero, con ricavi netti pari a 32 milioni di dollari USA.

Malgrado il ritiro dagli affari di tutti i giorni e nonostante abbia lasciato le attività manageriali ai propri direttori esecutivi di divisione, Chang è impegnato come sempre. Egli ha concluso la propria relazione in occasione del recente incontro degli agenti con le parole: "Il nostro scopo è quello di mantenere la Evergreen davanti ai propri concorrenti".

Sulla base dei trascorsi risultati della Evergreen e della sua precisa strategia, nonché dei suoi investimenti programmati, il gruppo taiwanese sembra pronto per un brillante futuro. Sulle orme del porto di Kobe, della Contship Italia (Medcenter Container Terminal) e della CP Ships, la Evergreen costituisce un degno vincitore del titolo di "impresa dell'anno" assegnatole per il 1998 da Containerisation International.
(da: Containerisation International, dicembre 1998)

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Join us at the Communion and Liberation Meeting in Rimini
Rome
Participation in the exhibition area of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport
Port of Ravenna: Executive project for redevelopment of the "Ex Carni" area begins
Ravenna
The aim is to give full functionality to a new logistics and industrial sector in the port area
Container traffic in the port of Algeciras decreased by 11.4% in July.
Algeciras
In the first seven months of 2026 the decline was -3.3%
Hupac will strengthen its intermodal service between Basel and Busto Arsizio.
Noise
An eighth weekly rotation will be introduced from September 7th
Sallaum creates a company for land logistics of cars in Europe
Vilnius
It will initially be equipped with 50 car transporters and the fleet will reach 300 vehicles by 2029
In the second quarter, freight traffic in the port of Taranto grew by +6.7%
Taranto
An increase of +104.9% was recorded in July
Viking Holdings Cruise Line Reports Record Quarterly Revenue
Los Angeles
Net profit of $587.7 million (+33.8%)
Container traffic at the Port of Los Angeles dropped 5.8% last month.
Los Angeles
In the first seven months of 2026, growth of +1.8% was recorded
Container traffic at the Port of Long Beach dropped 1.7% in July.
Long Beach
In the first seven months of this year, total traffic was 5,758,086 TEUs (+1.2%)
In the second quarter, RCL recorded an increase in revenues that was outweighed by the increase in operating costs
Bangkok
Net profit down 1.1%
Danish DFDS's quarterly financial performance improves
Copenhagen
In the April-June quarter, rolling stock transported by the fleet increased by 1.1%. Passengers decreased by 8.9%.
Container traffic at HHLA terminals decreased by -8.0% in the second quarter
Hamburg
Revenues increased by 2.5%. Operating costs increased by 5.7%.
The Livorno Port Authority creates an internal task force for the Darsena Europa project.
Livorno
The aim is to ensure a unified coordination with the commissioner structure that follows the project
Costa Cruises announces change of management for the Americas region.
Genoa
Jorge Serrano Martín de Vidales will replace Dario Rustico
MSC installs Jotun's proactive hull cleaning system on MSC Daniela
Sandefjord
Combines advanced antifouling technology with robotic inspection and cleaning
Wan Hai Lines reports a 965.6% increase in quarterly profit
Taipei
The company orders six new 11,000 TEU containerships
In the second quarter, cargo traffic in Montenegrin ports decreased by -5.8%
Podgorica
Cargoes to and from Italy dropped by -40.6%
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the Grande Pacifico
Naples
The vessel is the first of five new sister PCTCs with a capacity of 9,800 ceu
In 2025, the Fratelli Cosulich group's revenues amounted to 1.9 billion euros (-11.5%)
Genoa
Net profit of 20.0 million euros (-3.0%)
Maurizio Longo, Secretary General of Trasportounito, has passed away.
Rome
He passed away in Rome after a long illness.
Terminal Investment Limited abandons Tercat acquisition
Brussels
It provided for joint control of the Barcelona terminal with Hutchison Ports
Work has been completed to activate cold ironing at the Porto Corsini cruise terminal in Ravenna.
Ravenna
Acceleration of the redevelopment process for the former CIVAM area in the port of Vibo Valentia Marina
Vibo Valentia
The area will be transformed into new yards for commercial logistics
Maersk Group sells Maersk Training and Maersk H2S Safety Services
Copenhagen
They will be sold to the US Open Gate Capital, specialized in industrial carve-out operations
In the April-June quarter, the port of Venice handled 6.3 million tons of goods (-1.2%)
Venice
Cruise passengers down by -15.3%
In the second quarter, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna recorded a sharp increase of +10.9%
Ravenna
In the first six months of 2026 the increase was +5.9%
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
The conference "EU-Mercosur Agreement: The Role of the Maritime Economy" will be held in Genoa on July 1st.
Genoa
It is organized by the Casa America ETS Foundation and the Western Liguria Port Authority
The Federagenti assembly will be held in Civitavecchia on July 3rd.
Rome
Pessina: We will not discuss regulations, community relations, or the pursuit of theories and bureaucracy, but rather the challenges of Italian port infrastructure.
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Rosatom expects cargo traffic along Northern Sea Route to rise 14% in 2026 - CEO
(Interfax)
HD Hyundai Heavy Industries Ends Joint Venture Plan for Block Factory with India's Cochin Shipyard
(Maeil Business Newspaper)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
DP World acquires six GXO logistics sites in the UK
Dubai
186,000 square meters and 2,000 employees change hands: this is the transfer imposed by the British Antitrust for the acquisition of Wincanton
DHL soars in the second quarter, but not everywhere
Bonn
Revenue and EBIT in double digits. Express performed well, while Supply Chain and Post & Parcel Germany fared less well.
Global Ship Lease reports record quarterly and half-year revenues
Athens
Rising costs impact profits
DP World to build temperature-controlled logistics hub in the port of Antwerp
Dubai/Kallo
GNV will activate a third maritime service to Algeria on Saturday
Genoa
The Civitavecchia-Annaba line will complement the existing routes from Sète to Algiers and Bejaia.
Danaos Corporation reports quarterly revenue growth of 4.7%.
Athens
The containership segment remains stable. Bulk carriers continue to contribute.
A bulk carrier hit by a shell in the Strait of Hormuz
Southampton/London
One crew member is reportedly missing.
This year, 800,000 cruise passengers are expected in Messina.
Messina
Passengers make a direct expenditure of almost 16 million euros in the city
Container traffic at the Port of New York grew by 1.6% in the second quarter
New York
In the first six months of 2026, 4.43 million TEUs were handled (+0.2%)
HZ Cargo and Railtrans form joint venture for intermodal transport
Zagreb
The aim is to activate a traffic of over 500 thousand tons between the ports of Croatia and the markets of Central Europe.
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