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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVII - Number 1/99 - JANUARY 1999

Sea Transport

I campioni della Evergreen

Nel 1998, la rivista Containerisation International ha designato la Evergreen quale "compagnia di navigazione dell'anno". Si tratta del riconoscimento di una vicenda contrassegnata da un incredibile successo che ha visto la compagnia taiwanese crescere da operatore di una sola nave al rango di seconda compagnia di servizi containerizzati del mondo.

Lo scorso anno si è assistito alla continuazione del programma di espansione della Evergreen, che aveva avuto inizio sin dalla costituzione della società nel 1968.

Tra gli avvenimenti significativi degli scorsi anni si possono citare:

  • l'avvio di un nuovo servizio dal Sud-Est asiatico all'Australasia. Esso ha avuto inizio a gennaio del 1997 ed include un accordo relativo all'acquisizione di spazi-containers con la LT (Lloyd Triestino) e la Hanjin Shipping. A maggio dello scorso anno, la Evergreen ha immesso in servizio tonnellaggio proprio e la frequenza è stata raddoppiata sino a due partenze settimanali
  • il lancio di una navetta dedicata dai porti della Costa Orientale degli Stati Uniti (New York/New Jersey, Baltimora, Savannah, Miami) alla ECSA (Rio de Janeiro, Santos, Rio Grande, São Francisco do Sul, Buenos Aires) via Colon e Puerto Cabello. Il servizio è cominciato a maggio del 1998
  • il rilevamento della LT, che ha fornito alla Evergreen una presenza diretta nei traffici che collegano il Mediterraneo all'Africa Orientale, Occidentale e Meridionale, nonché all'Australasia. L'acquisizione in discorso ha inoltre puntellato la posizione della Evergreen nei traffici nel Medio Oriente e del Sub-Continente indiano
  • l'apertura di un terminal dedicato a Colon (Panama)
  • il rinnovamento dell'affitto relativo al proprio terminal di Los Angeles per altri 32 anni
  • l'accordo con l'Autorità Portuale di Taranto al fine di costituire un nodo di raccordo nel Sud dell'Italia.

E Chang Yung-fa, che aveva costituito la Evergreen Marine Corp cominciando le operazioni con una sola nave a doppio ponte di seconda mano, la Central Trust, è ancora al timone.

Nel giro di un anno dalla costituzione della società, Chang aveva inaugurato un servizio regolare di linea dall'Asia al Medio Oriente e nel 1975 la compagnia di navigazione aveva dato inizio al proprio assalto ai traffici di linea a lungo raggio con un servizio che collegava l'Asia alla costa atlantica nel Nordamerica. Nel 1979 venne istituito un collegamento Nord Europa/Asia, mentre l'ultimo traffico - quello nel Nord Atlantico, venne lanciato nel 1984.

Nello stesso anno (ad agosto), la Evergreen e diversi investitori costituirono la Uniglory, principalmente allo scopo di crearsi in casa una propria compagnia di navigazione dedita ai traffici di raccordo in Asia. Anche la Uniglory, cui la Evergreen partecipa con una quota azionaria del 44,93%, ha fatto registrare una rapida crescita. Inoltre, il vettore ha ampliato la propria base clientelare, dal momento che adesso la maggior parte dei carichi consiste di consegne locali di importazione/esportazione per conto di caricatori terzi. Attualmente, il traffico feeder della Evergreen rappresenta meno del 15% delle movimentazioni annue della Uniglory.

Oggi, il gruppo Evergreen con sede a Taipei effettua operazioni con 128 portacontainers per complessivi oltre 280.000 TEU, è presente nella maggior parte delle rotte di linea mondiali e dispone di accordi di agenzia esclusiva ovvero di uffici in più di 70 Paesi. Il gruppo inoltre effettua cospicui investimenti in associazioni imprenditoriali attive nei settori dell'ingegneria marittima, della cantieristica navale e della produzione di contenitori, oltre a gestire una propria linea aerea, la EVA Air. Per di più, la Evergreen gestisce diversi depositi, terminals marittimi e dispone di una branca sempre più importante nel settore alberghiero e del tempo libero.

Nel 1997, il vettore ha movimentato poco più di due milioni di TEU, ma se venissero presi in considerazione i volumi della Uniglory, i carichi trasportati aumenterebbero a più di tre milioni di TEU. Nel 1998, Chang prevede un incremento di più del 12% sino ad approssimativamente 3,5 milioni di TEU. Infatti, la strategia della Evergreen è quella di trasportare più carichi nel tentativo di ridurre i costi unitari.

Ai volumi verrà dato impulso nel 1999 dalla sua capacità di fare scalo diretto nei porti cinesi nell'ambito di alcuni dei propri servizi di linea primaria. Yantian, ad esempio, è stato incluso quale porto di scalo diretto nel contesto del collegamento Taiwan Hong Kong Express del vettore da ottobre del 1998. Nel frattempo, la Evergreen è in attesa di ricevere l'approvazione da parte delle autorità cinesi in ordine all'inclusione di scali a Shanghai e Tianjin nell'ambito del proprio collegamento settimanale Asia/Mediterraneo/Europa.

In termini di carichi di contenitori, la Evergreen rappresenta probabilmente il secondo o terzo operatore a livello mondiale. Ciò rispecchia la sua seconda posizione in base agli spazi-containers di bordo impiegati.

Il vettore, inoltre, ha il più grande registro di ordinazioni del mondo per quanto attiene le compagnie di navigazione di linea, avendo in previsione la consegna di 26 navi per un totale di 89.404 TEU nei prossimi due anni. Ulteriori ordinazioni sono imminenti. La Evergreen ha bisogno di una serie di navi da 2.500/3.000 TEU per i propri servizi Asia/Africa Meridionale/Costa Orientale del Sudamerica. In futuro, in un momento non ancora specificato, questo collegamento assorbirà il servizio navetta dedicato Costa Orientale U.S.A./ECSA della compagnia di navigazione in una operazione ampliata del tipo pendolare.

Sebbene le operazioni pendolari siano in aumento, la Evergreen - che era stata un pioniere delle operazioni giramondo nel 1984 - è intenzionata ad insistere con questa modalità, quanto meno per il momento. In effetti, sotto molti aspetti il servizio giramondo settimanale in direzione est ed in direzione ovest della compagnia di navigazione resta la spina dorsale della sua rete di servizi di linea e - secondo Chang - offre ancora alla Evergreen una notevolissima flessibilità operativa.

La Evergreen, peraltro, non ha ignorato l'incremento delle dimensioni delle navi e le potenzialmente potenti economie di scala conseguibili mediante l'impiego di tonnellaggio post-Panamax più grande. Attualmente, il vettore utilizza 5 navi post-Panamax da 5.346 TEU in un servizio dedicato Asia/Costa Occidentale U.S.A. e ha 13 navi-gemelle sotto ordinazione per una nuova operazione pendolare che collegherà la Costa Occidentale U.S.A., l'Asia ed l'Europa settentrionale. Questo nuovo allacciamento inizierà nel corso del 1999.

Quanto al futuro, la Evergreen ha in programma l'espansione della propria rete di servizi di linea. Essenzialmente, ciò comporterà servizi diretti alla volta dei porti regionali minori, una più elevata frequenza delle partenze sui corridoi-chiave da porto a porto ed una più estesa copertura dei traffici nord/sud.

L'ultimo programma accennato è già pienamente in atto. All'inizio del 1997, la Evergreen aveva fatto il proprio ingresso nei traffici dell'Africa meridionale e sudamericani rilevando il controllo manageriale del servizio Asia/Africa Meridionale/ECSA della Uniglory.

Attualmente, sono in fase di studio nuovi collegamenti tra il Nord Europa ed il Sudamerica - piccoli volumi vengono già movimentati nel contesto dei servizi giramondo della Evergreen e trasbordati nel terminal di proprietà della compagnia di navigazione a Colon (Panama) - e tra l'Europa e l'Africa meridionale.

La Evergreen sta inoltre pensando ad un livello maggiore di integrazione verticale ed alla fornitura di più servizi a maggiore valore aggiunto. Sebbene l'attività da porto a porto sia destinata a restare il nocciolo dell'attività del vettore, è probabile che il futuro sia contrassegnato dalla fornitura di soluzioni di trasporto maggiormente integrate e senza soluzioni di continuità. Non vi è dubbio che il mercato di linea si stia spostando in questa direzione e che i mutamenti in programma agli scenari normativi sia negli U.S.A. che in Europa spingeranno ulteriormente avanti questa concezione.

Allo scopo di conseguire ciò, i vettori avranno bisogno di controllare con maggiore attenzione ogni connessione della catena trasportistica. Certamente, la Evergreen ha incrementato i propri investimenti in nuove infrastrutture portuali ed in imprese di trasporto interno e/o distribuzione. Più di recente, il gruppo ha negoziato un noleggio operativo di 60 anni con l'Autorità Portuale di Taranto, nell'Italia meridionale. L'accordo consente alla Evergreen di sviluppare e poi gestire presso quel porto un centro di trasbordo dalla capacità di due milioni di TEU.

Altrove, la Evergreen è impegnata in un nuovo progetto di sviluppo portuale a Vung Tau, nel Vietnam meridionale, e ha concordato con il Kaohsiung Harbor Bureau i dettagli relativi al noleggio a lungo termine di due ormeggi presso il nuovo complesso Terminal 5 del porto. Nel 1997, la Evergreen ha aperto il suo centro di collegamento America/Caraibi di Colon, a Panama.

E si tratta di un programma destinato ad aumentare. Infatti, Chang ha recentemente alluso agli investimenti da parte del gruppo in "progetti relativi a terminal containers e trasporto di semirimorchi in mercati potenziali quali la Cina ed il Sud-Est asiatico". Il gruppo già deteneva significative partecipazioni in queste regioni, con quote in depositi contenitori a Shanghai e Qingdao.

Chang, peraltro, non è in grado di fornire dettagli circa i programmi del gruppo in relazione alla filosofia operativa del "far da sé". Il dirigente ha frequentemente sottolineato le virtù di questo approccio che consente alla sua compagnia di essere pienamente responsabile del proprio destino e di essere maggiormente flessibile e tempestiva nel far fronte alle esigenze dei propri clienti.

In occasione dell'incontro globale tra i dirigenti delle agenzie della compagnia, svoltosi a Taipei nello scorso mese di ottobre, Chang ha dichiarato: "Con la nostra flessibilità nel prendere le decisioni, la nostra strategia operativa indipendente e la ben nota qualità del servizio, confidiamo che la Evergreen possa essere più che in grado di competere con le alleanze". Egli, peraltro, ha lanciato un avvertimento circa il futuro delle alleanze. "Data tutta questa riorganizzazione in corso, ci vorrà un bello sforzo per conservare una tranquilla cooperazione tra i vari membri".

La compagnia ritiene che lo stesso valga per il sistema delle conferenze di trasporto merci; di qui, la sua decisione di operare come indipendente nella maggior parte delle proprie direttrici di traffico. Tuttavia, essa fa parte dei principali consessi impegnati in trattative, tra cui i due accordi di stabilizzazione riguardanti le rotte transpacifiche in direzione est ed in direzione ovest nonché l'Accordo Trattative Inter Asiatiche.

I risultati della Evergreen nel corso degli ultimi 30 anni sono certamente stati impressionanti. Essa, inoltre, ha riscosso notevoli profitti. Il fatturato dell'organismo quotato in borsa ha raggiunto gli 1,3 miliardi di dollari USA nel 1997. E sebbene la crisi valutaria asiatica abbia tagliato i profitti, la EMC è riuscita a restare in nero, con ricavi netti pari a 32 milioni di dollari USA.

Malgrado il ritiro dagli affari di tutti i giorni e nonostante abbia lasciato le attività manageriali ai propri direttori esecutivi di divisione, Chang è impegnato come sempre. Egli ha concluso la propria relazione in occasione del recente incontro degli agenti con le parole: "Il nostro scopo è quello di mantenere la Evergreen davanti ai propri concorrenti".

Sulla base dei trascorsi risultati della Evergreen e della sua precisa strategia, nonché dei suoi investimenti programmati, il gruppo taiwanese sembra pronto per un brillante futuro. Sulle orme del porto di Kobe, della Contship Italia (Medcenter Container Terminal) e della CP Ships, la Evergreen costituisce un degno vincitore del titolo di "impresa dell'anno" assegnatole per il 1998 da Containerisation International.
(da: Containerisation International, dicembre 1998)

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La Spezia
Renewal of office on the proposal of President Pisano
Double ceremony for two Explora Journeys ships at the Fincantieri shipyard in Genoa
Genoa
Launch of "Explora V" and coin ceremony of "Explora VI"
Italian CMD passes under the control of the UAE group EDGE
Abu Dhabi/Rome
Cousins Mariano and Giorgio Negri retain a significant shareholding
The Northern Tyrrhenian Port Authority presents the new layout of the port of Piombino.
Livorno
Gariglio: A concrete step towards industrial reconversion and the future of Piombino.
FS Logistix has purchased six new CZ LOKO locomotives for freight and shunting services
Rome/Prague
This is the fourth order of this type for the Czech company in ten years.
Port of Bremerhaven: The cruise ship Mein Schiff 3 collided with two container ships.
Bremen
No injuries. The cruise was canceled.
Paolo Moretti has been appointed CEO of RINA Spa.
Genoa
Giosuè Vezzuto has assumed the role of CEO of RINA Services
HD Hyundai and Kiewit to establish joint venture at new shipyard in the US
Houston/Seoul
The construction of both military and commercial vessels is planned
Konecranes' quarterly port equipment orders decline as revenue increases
Helsinki
Kuehne+Nagel's third quarter was very positive
Schindellegi
Growth in economic and operating results in all business segments
Wildcat's race for US defense: exclusive agreement with historic Fraser shipyard
Superior
The Miami Beach fund's operation is part of the government's plan to relaunch the American shipbuilding industry.
Port of Ancona: First single ZES authorization issued
Ancona
A three million euro investment in yacht construction has been unblocked.
Access to the port of Ravenna is authorized for vessels with a maximum draft of 11.00 meters.
Ravenna
Benevolent: it is a fundamental step for the economic and strategic development of the airport
Port of Genoa extends food inspection authorization to PSA SECH terminal
Genoa
The provision of the Ministry of Health expands the categories of products that can be subjected to control
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
On Thursday, the Unione Interporti Riuniti will present the ELODIE project at the Chamber of Deputies.
Rome
The aim is to create a digital federation of interports
ABB reports record orders of $12 billion in the third quarter.
Zurich
Revenues and profits also increased, while the group announced a joint venture with Mitsubishi Electric
In the third quarter of 2026, containers in the port of Barcelona decreased by -9.2%
Barcelona
The decline was driven by a 19.9% reduction in transhipment traffic.
COSCO Shipping Ports terminals set new quarterly container throughput record
Hong Kong
In the period July-September also volumes handled by CMPort
In August, the ports of Western Liguria handled 5.2 million tons of goods (+1.6)
Genoa
In Genoa, an increase of +6.1% was recorded, while Savona-Vado Ligure suffered a decrease of -10.0%.
Raben Italy opens a new warehouse in Pomezia
Milan
The goal is to consolidate the positioning and territorial expansion in road transport
Port of La Spezia signs agreement to develop blue economy and security projects
La Spezia
It was signed by the AdSP and the Foundation of the National Centre of the Underwater Dimension
The Port of Long Beach celebrates new monthly container throughput record
Long Beach
New all-time high also in the July-September quarter
The tender for the partial demolition of the North Pier of the Port of Ancona has been launched.
Ancona
The intervention includes the regularization of the relevant seabeds
HMM invests over $1.6 billion for 12 new container ships
Busan
By 2029, the delivery of eight 13,000 TEU vessels, three 2,800 TEU vessels and one 1,700 TEU vessel
Paolo Pessina confirmed as president of Federagenti
Rome
Unanimous vote of the Federation assembly
Negotiations have begun to renew the single collective bargaining agreement for the shipping industry.
Rome
The parties have agreed on a busy schedule of meetings
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong grew by 15.1% in the third quarter
Hong Kong
In September the increase was +25.0%
Maritime training: Appeal to the Regional Administrative Court (TAR) against the Port Authority's fee hike
Rome
ANIFORMAR, CONFORMAR, and 15 training centers challenge the MIT-MEF decree: increases reach up to 149.3%.
The Spinelli Group has opened a new empty container depot in Novi Ligure.
Genoa
Investment worth 14 million euros
Rhenus integrates its logistics services into a single hub at the Padua Interporto.
Padua
The site will bring together road transport, air and sea freight, warehousing and specialized services
A truck driver dies at the Cagliari canal port.
Cagliari
He would have been crushed by a load of large pipes
Maritime labor, Confitarma is concerned about the uncertainty arising from the Revenue Agency's interpretative stance.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries plans to expand shipbuilding capacity
Tokyo
The company plans to invest 100 billion yen
Trasportounito: The government is crazy if it thinks the road haulage crisis can be solved on its own.
Rome
Application of the diesel cost adjustment clause urged
Emanuele Grimaldi is the new president of the Malta International Shipowners Association.
Valletta
She takes over from Marily Frangista, who has been leading the association since April 2022.
The fourth edition of Green Logitics Expo kicks off tomorrow morning in Padua.
Padua
It will see the participation of over 300 exhibitors and the holding of 30 conference events
In the third quarter of this year, cargo traffic in Turkish ports decreased by -1.1%.
Ankara
Volumes to and from Italy grew by +6.2%
Assiterminal, the flexibility of the PRPs should take into account the relevant market in which the ports operate
Genoa
Cetus Maritime plans to list on the Euronext Growth Oslo stock market
Hong Kong
Acquisition of 16 ships in preparation for listing on the stock exchange
On Saturday, a U.S. jet struck a bulk carrier in the Gulf of Oman.
Tampa
Centcom: The ship had attempted to enforce a naval blockade against Iran.
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Assologistica event to discuss the Mediterranean strategy for Italian competitiveness
Rome
It will be held next October 30th in Naples
On Thursday, the Unione Interporti Riuniti will present the ELODIE project at the Chamber of Deputies.
Rome
The aim is to create a digital federation of interports
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Cosco Shipping arm readies China IPO to capitalise on global shipbuilding wave
(South China Morning Post)
Rosatom expects cargo traffic along Northern Sea Route to rise 14% in 2026 - CEO
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Relazione del Presidente Mario Zanetti
Roma, 27 ottobre 2026
››› File
Ship hit near Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
A bullet started a fire which was later put out
OOCL reports 9.0% growth in vessel-borne volumes in the third quarter
Hong Kong
The increase in the value of maritime freight rates causes a +45.1% increase in revenues
HD Hyundai Marine Solutions to Acquire American Company Goltens Worldwide
Dubai/Seongnam
The company deals with the repair and maintenance of large marine engines and industrial machinery.
UNATRAS to the government: Immediately unblock measures to reduce diesel prices.
Rome
Road transport associations report delays and uncertainties in implementing the May 22 agreement and are calling for an urgent meeting.
Port of Taranto: Gugliotti renews his request to the government for funding for the port's wind farm.
Taranto
The project - he underlined - can neither be scaled down nor postponed.
Attack on a ship in the middle of the Persian Gulf
Southampton
The UKMTO reported that several projectiles caused casualties among the crew members.
Gioia Tauro: Addendum to the updated Port Plan approved
Gioia Tauro
The analysis will allow us to evaluate the Port Agency's employment and staffing needs.
Ships queuing, fuel wasted: how waiting at anchor can save you money.
Copenhagen
The Global Maritime Forum publishes Cargill's test results on 16 real-world voyages. Slowing down and arriving when the berth is free reduces fuel consumption and emissions.
ZIM raises full-year 2026 guidance
Haifa
Adjusted EBITDA and EBIT expected to be $2.7 billion/$3.0 billion and $1.4 billion/$1.7 billion
Gabriele Sangiorgi appointed acting secretary general of the Ravenna Port Authority.
Ravenna
Fabio Maletti's term has expired
Port of Genoa: Messina Terminal workers strike for one hour for a month
Genoa
The company reports that one of the union members did not show up at the last meeting as part of the cooling-off procedure provided for by the National Collective Labour Agreement.
Port of Taranto, agreement to participate in the development of the Valbasento Interporto in Ferrandina.
Matera/Taranto
A logistical-functional masterplan will be developed within 180 days
Attica, the deficit is reduced thanks mainly to capital gains and coverage
Kallithea
First half of the year with fewer crossings and slightly increasing revenues
Since the beginning of the year, passengers and goods on GNV ships have increased by +2% and +5%
Marrakech
Three-year strategic partnership with the Office National Marocain du Tourisme
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