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15 September 2025 - Year XXIX
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVII - Number 1/99 - JANUARY 1999

Sea Transport

I campioni della Evergreen

Nel 1998, la rivista Containerisation International ha designato la Evergreen quale "compagnia di navigazione dell'anno". Si tratta del riconoscimento di una vicenda contrassegnata da un incredibile successo che ha visto la compagnia taiwanese crescere da operatore di una sola nave al rango di seconda compagnia di servizi containerizzati del mondo.

Lo scorso anno si è assistito alla continuazione del programma di espansione della Evergreen, che aveva avuto inizio sin dalla costituzione della società nel 1968.

Tra gli avvenimenti significativi degli scorsi anni si possono citare:

  • l'avvio di un nuovo servizio dal Sud-Est asiatico all'Australasia. Esso ha avuto inizio a gennaio del 1997 ed include un accordo relativo all'acquisizione di spazi-containers con la LT (Lloyd Triestino) e la Hanjin Shipping. A maggio dello scorso anno, la Evergreen ha immesso in servizio tonnellaggio proprio e la frequenza è stata raddoppiata sino a due partenze settimanali
  • il lancio di una navetta dedicata dai porti della Costa Orientale degli Stati Uniti (New York/New Jersey, Baltimora, Savannah, Miami) alla ECSA (Rio de Janeiro, Santos, Rio Grande, São Francisco do Sul, Buenos Aires) via Colon e Puerto Cabello. Il servizio è cominciato a maggio del 1998
  • il rilevamento della LT, che ha fornito alla Evergreen una presenza diretta nei traffici che collegano il Mediterraneo all'Africa Orientale, Occidentale e Meridionale, nonché all'Australasia. L'acquisizione in discorso ha inoltre puntellato la posizione della Evergreen nei traffici nel Medio Oriente e del Sub-Continente indiano
  • l'apertura di un terminal dedicato a Colon (Panama)
  • il rinnovamento dell'affitto relativo al proprio terminal di Los Angeles per altri 32 anni
  • l'accordo con l'Autorità Portuale di Taranto al fine di costituire un nodo di raccordo nel Sud dell'Italia.

E Chang Yung-fa, che aveva costituito la Evergreen Marine Corp cominciando le operazioni con una sola nave a doppio ponte di seconda mano, la Central Trust, è ancora al timone.

Nel giro di un anno dalla costituzione della società, Chang aveva inaugurato un servizio regolare di linea dall'Asia al Medio Oriente e nel 1975 la compagnia di navigazione aveva dato inizio al proprio assalto ai traffici di linea a lungo raggio con un servizio che collegava l'Asia alla costa atlantica nel Nordamerica. Nel 1979 venne istituito un collegamento Nord Europa/Asia, mentre l'ultimo traffico - quello nel Nord Atlantico, venne lanciato nel 1984.

Nello stesso anno (ad agosto), la Evergreen e diversi investitori costituirono la Uniglory, principalmente allo scopo di crearsi in casa una propria compagnia di navigazione dedita ai traffici di raccordo in Asia. Anche la Uniglory, cui la Evergreen partecipa con una quota azionaria del 44,93%, ha fatto registrare una rapida crescita. Inoltre, il vettore ha ampliato la propria base clientelare, dal momento che adesso la maggior parte dei carichi consiste di consegne locali di importazione/esportazione per conto di caricatori terzi. Attualmente, il traffico feeder della Evergreen rappresenta meno del 15% delle movimentazioni annue della Uniglory.

Oggi, il gruppo Evergreen con sede a Taipei effettua operazioni con 128 portacontainers per complessivi oltre 280.000 TEU, è presente nella maggior parte delle rotte di linea mondiali e dispone di accordi di agenzia esclusiva ovvero di uffici in più di 70 Paesi. Il gruppo inoltre effettua cospicui investimenti in associazioni imprenditoriali attive nei settori dell'ingegneria marittima, della cantieristica navale e della produzione di contenitori, oltre a gestire una propria linea aerea, la EVA Air. Per di più, la Evergreen gestisce diversi depositi, terminals marittimi e dispone di una branca sempre più importante nel settore alberghiero e del tempo libero.

Nel 1997, il vettore ha movimentato poco più di due milioni di TEU, ma se venissero presi in considerazione i volumi della Uniglory, i carichi trasportati aumenterebbero a più di tre milioni di TEU. Nel 1998, Chang prevede un incremento di più del 12% sino ad approssimativamente 3,5 milioni di TEU. Infatti, la strategia della Evergreen è quella di trasportare più carichi nel tentativo di ridurre i costi unitari.

Ai volumi verrà dato impulso nel 1999 dalla sua capacità di fare scalo diretto nei porti cinesi nell'ambito di alcuni dei propri servizi di linea primaria. Yantian, ad esempio, è stato incluso quale porto di scalo diretto nel contesto del collegamento Taiwan Hong Kong Express del vettore da ottobre del 1998. Nel frattempo, la Evergreen è in attesa di ricevere l'approvazione da parte delle autorità cinesi in ordine all'inclusione di scali a Shanghai e Tianjin nell'ambito del proprio collegamento settimanale Asia/Mediterraneo/Europa.

In termini di carichi di contenitori, la Evergreen rappresenta probabilmente il secondo o terzo operatore a livello mondiale. Ciò rispecchia la sua seconda posizione in base agli spazi-containers di bordo impiegati.

Il vettore, inoltre, ha il più grande registro di ordinazioni del mondo per quanto attiene le compagnie di navigazione di linea, avendo in previsione la consegna di 26 navi per un totale di 89.404 TEU nei prossimi due anni. Ulteriori ordinazioni sono imminenti. La Evergreen ha bisogno di una serie di navi da 2.500/3.000 TEU per i propri servizi Asia/Africa Meridionale/Costa Orientale del Sudamerica. In futuro, in un momento non ancora specificato, questo collegamento assorbirà il servizio navetta dedicato Costa Orientale U.S.A./ECSA della compagnia di navigazione in una operazione ampliata del tipo pendolare.

Sebbene le operazioni pendolari siano in aumento, la Evergreen - che era stata un pioniere delle operazioni giramondo nel 1984 - è intenzionata ad insistere con questa modalità, quanto meno per il momento. In effetti, sotto molti aspetti il servizio giramondo settimanale in direzione est ed in direzione ovest della compagnia di navigazione resta la spina dorsale della sua rete di servizi di linea e - secondo Chang - offre ancora alla Evergreen una notevolissima flessibilità operativa.

La Evergreen, peraltro, non ha ignorato l'incremento delle dimensioni delle navi e le potenzialmente potenti economie di scala conseguibili mediante l'impiego di tonnellaggio post-Panamax più grande. Attualmente, il vettore utilizza 5 navi post-Panamax da 5.346 TEU in un servizio dedicato Asia/Costa Occidentale U.S.A. e ha 13 navi-gemelle sotto ordinazione per una nuova operazione pendolare che collegherà la Costa Occidentale U.S.A., l'Asia ed l'Europa settentrionale. Questo nuovo allacciamento inizierà nel corso del 1999.

Quanto al futuro, la Evergreen ha in programma l'espansione della propria rete di servizi di linea. Essenzialmente, ciò comporterà servizi diretti alla volta dei porti regionali minori, una più elevata frequenza delle partenze sui corridoi-chiave da porto a porto ed una più estesa copertura dei traffici nord/sud.

L'ultimo programma accennato è già pienamente in atto. All'inizio del 1997, la Evergreen aveva fatto il proprio ingresso nei traffici dell'Africa meridionale e sudamericani rilevando il controllo manageriale del servizio Asia/Africa Meridionale/ECSA della Uniglory.

Attualmente, sono in fase di studio nuovi collegamenti tra il Nord Europa ed il Sudamerica - piccoli volumi vengono già movimentati nel contesto dei servizi giramondo della Evergreen e trasbordati nel terminal di proprietà della compagnia di navigazione a Colon (Panama) - e tra l'Europa e l'Africa meridionale.

La Evergreen sta inoltre pensando ad un livello maggiore di integrazione verticale ed alla fornitura di più servizi a maggiore valore aggiunto. Sebbene l'attività da porto a porto sia destinata a restare il nocciolo dell'attività del vettore, è probabile che il futuro sia contrassegnato dalla fornitura di soluzioni di trasporto maggiormente integrate e senza soluzioni di continuità. Non vi è dubbio che il mercato di linea si stia spostando in questa direzione e che i mutamenti in programma agli scenari normativi sia negli U.S.A. che in Europa spingeranno ulteriormente avanti questa concezione.

Allo scopo di conseguire ciò, i vettori avranno bisogno di controllare con maggiore attenzione ogni connessione della catena trasportistica. Certamente, la Evergreen ha incrementato i propri investimenti in nuove infrastrutture portuali ed in imprese di trasporto interno e/o distribuzione. Più di recente, il gruppo ha negoziato un noleggio operativo di 60 anni con l'Autorità Portuale di Taranto, nell'Italia meridionale. L'accordo consente alla Evergreen di sviluppare e poi gestire presso quel porto un centro di trasbordo dalla capacità di due milioni di TEU.

Altrove, la Evergreen è impegnata in un nuovo progetto di sviluppo portuale a Vung Tau, nel Vietnam meridionale, e ha concordato con il Kaohsiung Harbor Bureau i dettagli relativi al noleggio a lungo termine di due ormeggi presso il nuovo complesso Terminal 5 del porto. Nel 1997, la Evergreen ha aperto il suo centro di collegamento America/Caraibi di Colon, a Panama.

E si tratta di un programma destinato ad aumentare. Infatti, Chang ha recentemente alluso agli investimenti da parte del gruppo in "progetti relativi a terminal containers e trasporto di semirimorchi in mercati potenziali quali la Cina ed il Sud-Est asiatico". Il gruppo già deteneva significative partecipazioni in queste regioni, con quote in depositi contenitori a Shanghai e Qingdao.

Chang, peraltro, non è in grado di fornire dettagli circa i programmi del gruppo in relazione alla filosofia operativa del "far da sé". Il dirigente ha frequentemente sottolineato le virtù di questo approccio che consente alla sua compagnia di essere pienamente responsabile del proprio destino e di essere maggiormente flessibile e tempestiva nel far fronte alle esigenze dei propri clienti.

In occasione dell'incontro globale tra i dirigenti delle agenzie della compagnia, svoltosi a Taipei nello scorso mese di ottobre, Chang ha dichiarato: "Con la nostra flessibilità nel prendere le decisioni, la nostra strategia operativa indipendente e la ben nota qualità del servizio, confidiamo che la Evergreen possa essere più che in grado di competere con le alleanze". Egli, peraltro, ha lanciato un avvertimento circa il futuro delle alleanze. "Data tutta questa riorganizzazione in corso, ci vorrà un bello sforzo per conservare una tranquilla cooperazione tra i vari membri".

La compagnia ritiene che lo stesso valga per il sistema delle conferenze di trasporto merci; di qui, la sua decisione di operare come indipendente nella maggior parte delle proprie direttrici di traffico. Tuttavia, essa fa parte dei principali consessi impegnati in trattative, tra cui i due accordi di stabilizzazione riguardanti le rotte transpacifiche in direzione est ed in direzione ovest nonché l'Accordo Trattative Inter Asiatiche.

I risultati della Evergreen nel corso degli ultimi 30 anni sono certamente stati impressionanti. Essa, inoltre, ha riscosso notevoli profitti. Il fatturato dell'organismo quotato in borsa ha raggiunto gli 1,3 miliardi di dollari USA nel 1997. E sebbene la crisi valutaria asiatica abbia tagliato i profitti, la EMC è riuscita a restare in nero, con ricavi netti pari a 32 milioni di dollari USA.

Malgrado il ritiro dagli affari di tutti i giorni e nonostante abbia lasciato le attività manageriali ai propri direttori esecutivi di divisione, Chang è impegnato come sempre. Egli ha concluso la propria relazione in occasione del recente incontro degli agenti con le parole: "Il nostro scopo è quello di mantenere la Evergreen davanti ai propri concorrenti".

Sulla base dei trascorsi risultati della Evergreen e della sua precisa strategia, nonché dei suoi investimenti programmati, il gruppo taiwanese sembra pronto per un brillante futuro. Sulle orme del porto di Kobe, della Contship Italia (Medcenter Container Terminal) e della CP Ships, la Evergreen costituisce un degno vincitore del titolo di "impresa dell'anno" assegnatole per il 1998 da Containerisation International.
(da: Containerisation International, dicembre 1998)

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The Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport has asked the Region to agree on the appointment of Bagalà as president of the Sardinian Port Authority.
Rome
He is currently the extraordinary commissioner of the same body
CMPort's port terminals handled record container traffic in the second quarter
Hong Kong
In the first six months of 2025 the total was 78.8 million TEUs (+4.3%)
Confitarma approves the decree on advanced training for tanker seafarers.
Rome
Applause to the General Command of the Port Authority Corps
Quarterly freight traffic in Moroccan ports increases
Tangier/Casablanca
In Tanger Med the growth was +17%
The board of directors of the Genoa-based Ente Bacini has been renewed.
Genoa
President Alessandro Arvigo and CEO Maurizio Anselmo
In the second quarter, sales of dry containers produced by CIMC fell by -33%.
Hong Kong
Reefer boats increase by 57%
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the Grande Shanghai
Naples
It will be used for the transport of vehicles between East Asia and Northern Europe
Chinese automaker FAW ships components to Europe by train
Changchun
Transit time reduced to 18 days compared to 45 days for maritime transport
The ART urges to verify that the investment plan and the related amortization period are consistent with the duration of the port concessions.
Turin
Opinions regarding the concession extensions requested by the Neapolitan companies So.Te.Co. and Co.Na.Te.Co.
The assets and fleet of the Spanish Armas Trasmediterránea will be sold to Baleària and DFDS
Las Palmas/Dénia/Copenhagen
Two agreements worth €215 million and €40 million respectively have been signed.
Italian State Railways (FS), investing €70 million to install the ERTMS system.
Rome
Work has been completed on 382 Trenitalia trains, while the retrofitting of 60 locomotives from Mercitalia Rail, an FS Logistix company, is underway.
MPC Container Ships' quarterly revenue returns to growth
The second quarter of 2025 was closed with a net profit of 78.1 million dollars (+20.5%)
Plans to build two container customs areas north and south of the Suez Canal
Cairo
Fourteen of the 48 abandoned shipwrecks in Catania port have been removed.
Catania
The activity will be replicated in the port of Augusta
The Regional Administrative Court (TAR) has confirmed the validity of the tender for the new Ravano Terminal in the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
DP World's port terminals handled record quarterly container traffic
Dubai
Revenues grew by 22.2% in the first half of 2025
In the quarter April-June the volume of rolling stock transported by Höegh Autoliners increased by +9.0%
Oslo
Sharp increase (+46.6%) of vehicles from Asia
South Korea's HD Korea Shipbuilding & Offshore Engineering acquires Vietnam's Doosan Enerbility
Seongnam
It manages an industrial area with its own port facility
Container traffic in the port of Algeciras grew by 6.6% in July
Algeciras
In the first seven months of 2025, a decrease of -2.9% was recorded
In July, the port of Valencia handled 488,000 containers (+6.7%)
Valencia
Increase driven by growth in empty containers
Salvini has appointed Annalisa Tardino as extraordinary commissioner of the Western Sicilian Sea Port Authority.
Rome/Palermo
The President of the Sicilian Region announces the appeal against the provision
The materials dredged in the ports of La Spezia and Carrara will be used for the construction of the new breakwater in Genoa.
Genoa/La Spezia
Agreement between the two Ligurian Port System Authorities
X-Press Feeders denounces authorities' failure to acknowledge responsibility in the X-Press Pearl accident
Singapore
According to the company, the Supreme Court ruling ignores international maritime law
Cargo traffic in Russian ports remained stable in July
St. Petersburg
In the first seven months of 2025, loads decreased by -4.6%
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong decreased by -6.5% in July
Hong Kong
A decline of -3.7% was recorded in the first seven months of 2025
In July, the Port of Singapore set a new all-time record for monthly container traffic with 3.9 million TEUs.
Singapore
In terms of weight, containerized cargo decreased by -3.6%
Compensation to be paid by the Civitavecchia Port Authority in the Fincosit case has been set at €1.5 million.
Civitavecchia
Latrofa: The ruling allows the release of set-aside sums that have frozen the budget for years.
Germany's HHLA posts record quarterly revenue
Hamburg
In the second quarter, the group's port terminals handled 3.2 million containers (+7.9%)
In the first half of 2025, CK Hutchison's port terminals handled 44 million containers (+4.0%)
Hong Kong
In the quarter April-June the Wallenius Wilhelmsen fleet transported 14.8 million cubic meters of rolling stock (-0.5%)
Lysaker
Revenues down by -0.7%
In the second quarter, Montenegro's ports handled 670 thousand tons of goods (+0.6%)
Podgorica
Volumes with Italy amounted to 154 thousand tons (+53.1%)
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Conference: "Waiting and Delays in Road Transport: Logistics in Check"
Genoa
Organized by Trasportounito, it will be held on September 26th in Genoa
The conference "EU ETS - Perspectives and Opportunities for Decarbonization in the Maritime Sector" will be held in Palermo.
Rome
It will be held on September 18th and 19th
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Korean Firms Reassess U.S. Investments After Mass Immigration Raid
(The Korea Bizwire)
Russia's infrastructure development plan aims to build 17 marine terminals by 2036
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
With the arrival of the first container ship, the testing of operational procedures at the Rijeka Gateway begins.
The Hague
The first commercial ship is expected on September 12th
A proposal to bring the port of Taranto back onto global container routes? Start a discussion table.
Taranto
Meeting on the status of freight traffic
Port of Ancona: Tender for demolition of fire-damaged Tubimar warehouses
Ancona
The expected duration of the works is four and a half months
Merger of the German MACS and Hugo Stinnes, both active in the MPP vessel segment
Hamburg/Rostock
Stinnes headquarters in Rostock to close by December 31
In the second quarter, freight traffic in Albanian ports grew by +2.9%
Tirana
There were 331 thousand passengers (+13.6%)
A.SPE.DO, operationalizing the Smart Terminal to increase the competitiveness of the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
ING loans to Premuda for over 100 million dollars
Milan
Funds for the management buyout and the purchase of two product tankers
Sallaum Lines has taken delivery of the first of six Ocean-class dual-fuel PCTCs
Rotterdam
The ship was completed four months ahead of schedule
First meeting of the new Management Committee of the Western Ligurian Sea Port Authority
Genoa
Several measures approved, including those for CULMV and CULP staff
Euroports to operate a new liquid bulk terminal in the French port of Port-La Nouvelle
Beveren-Kruibeke-Zwijndrecht
It is expected to become operational in 2026
In the second quarter, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna increased by +2.6%
Ravenna
Growth of 0.6% was recorded in June. An increase of 4.8% is expected in July.
OsserMare presents five reports on the marine economy
Rome
They focus on a specific sector supply chain or aspect of it
Port of Naples: Road haulage operations resume
Naples
Resolution meeting between institutions, operators and trade associations
ICTSI again reports record quarterly financial and operating results
Manila
Global Ship Lease Reports Record Quarterly Revenue
Athens
In the April-June period, net profit was 95.4 million dollars (+8.4%)
Vard receives new order from North Star for two hybrid SOVs
Trieste
Contract worth between 100 and 200 million euros
The Panama Shipping Registry will no longer accept the registration of oil tankers and bulk carriers over 15 years old.
Panama
Measure to counter the use of the shadow fleet
Danaos Corporation reports record quarterly revenue
Athens
The April-June period closed with a net profit of 130.9 million (-7.3%)
New customs fast corridor between the port of La Spezia and Interporto Padova
Padua
It adds to the other three already active on the same route
ICTSI to operate Indonesia's Batu Ampar Container Terminal
Manila
It is located on Batam Island
Pino Musolino has been appointed CEO of the Alilauro shipping company.
Naples
He replaces the resigning Eliseo Cuccaro
In the second quarter, DIS' time charter revenues fell by -37.1%.
Luxembourg
Net income was $19.6 million (-70.5%)
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