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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVII - Number 11/99 - NOVEMBER 1999

Ports

Long Beach/Los Angeles: le dimensioni contano

"La sfida più grossa che il Porto di Long Beach si trova a dover affrontare è la sensazionale crescita dei containers fatta registrare negli ultimi sette-otto anni. I nostri volumi containerizzati sono aumentati del 150% circa dal 1990. E' un bel problema con cui avere a che fare, questo, ma - ciononostante - è senz'altro molto impegnativo" spiega Don Wylie, direttore esecutivo dei servizi marittimi del Porto di Long Beach.

Il Porto di Los Angeles è in una situazione simile. "I nostri piani di sviluppo sono ampi. Noi abbiamo a che fare con una clientela che desidera più di 415 acri per le operazioni containerizzate. Un terminal di queste dimensioni sarebbe l'infrastruttura privata più grande del mondo" sostiene Al Fierstine, direttore dello sviluppo attività del Porto di Los Angeles.

Dato che sia i vettori marittimi clienti di Long Beach sia quelli di Los Angeles richiedono terminals migliori e più grandi e con buone connessioni intermodali, il livello di espansione in corso presso entrambi questi porti della California meridionale è notevole.

Long Beach da diversi anni acquista terreno al fine di ampliare le operazioni containerizzate, come spiega Wylie: "Da quando Long Beach ha cominciato un programma di acquisizioni nel 1994, essa ha comperato 725 acri di territorio in più. L'ex base navale della marina statunitense ha apportato altri 500-600 acri quando è stata chiusa a settembre del 1997".

Da allora, il porto non ha certo rallentato nello sviluppare infrastrutture containerizzate. Il terminal del Molo A per la Hanjin Shipping Company è stato inaugurato a settembre del 1997 ed è stato il primo ad essere costruito sul terreno acquistato nel 1994. La base navale è stata ora completamente demolita ed i lavori sono già in corso sul primo nuovo terminal di circa 200 acri. Wylie confida che "entro la fine di quest'anno vi si possa ospitare un inquilino".

Long Beach ha dovuto altresì riconfigurare il territorio già esistente e Wylie sottolinea un problema incontrato nell'ingrandimento del nuovo terminal: "Nel 1991 abbiamo costruito per la Hanjin un'infrastruttura da 57 acri, ma un terminal di quelle dimensioni come può essere noleggiato ora che tutti quanti parlano di dimensioni non inferiori a 200 acri per infrastruttura? Di conseguenza, il porto ha dovuto riempire alcune aree che non erano state progettate per una utilizzazione a mo' di terminal contenitori allo scopo di far sì che lo spazio venga utilizzato completamente".

Wylie è anche consapevole del fatto che l'utilizzazione del terreno esistente rappresenta solo un provvedimento a breve termine. "Dovremo tornare a riempire nuovamente una volta costruita completamente l'ex base navale. Non dovremmo essere costretti a ciò per altri sette-otto anni, ma siamo pronti ad aggiungere spazio quando se ne presenterà l'esigenza" ha stabilito.

Per il Porto di Los Angeles, conseguire altro terreno a scopi costruttivi non è mai stata una questione problematica, nel senso che semplicemente esso non ha altro spazio da dedicare agli ampliamenti, di modo che l'unica alternativa è sempre stata quella di intraprendere massicci progetti di riempimento.

Di conseguenza, esso si è imbarcato nel progetto del Molo 300/400 "al fine di far fronte alla crescita dei carichi nei prossimi 25 anni". L'infrastruttura del Molo 300 è stata ultimata; essa consiste in un complesso per containers di 232 acri da 270 milioni di dollari dedicato alla APL e denominato Global Gateway South (APL Limited) che è stato inaugurato a maggio del 1997 e che movimenta circa un milione di TEU all'anno.

E' stata altresì realizzata un'infrastruttura per il trasferimento di contenitori da 47 acri e 26 milioni di dollari; essa consente lo scarico dei containers dalle navi e la loro collocazione diretta su carri ferroviari per la distribuzione immediata. La capacità annuale è di 350.000 movimentazioni. Il Molo 300 è completato da un'infrastruttura per carichi secchi di 120 acri e da 200 milioni di dollari.

Tuttavia, è il Molo 400 che incrementerà ulteriormente le capacità di movimentazione contenitori del porto (v. Tabella 1).

TABELLA 1
IL PROGETTO MOLO 400 * DI LOS ANGELES
ComponenteDimensioni
(acri)
Data di completamentoCosto
(milioni $)
Commenti
Stadio I
Dragaggio e riempim.
265 Luglio 1997148,6I materiali dragati hanno creato un sito di 265 acri. Tre miglia di canale sono stati resi più profondi da 50 a 63 piedi.
Stadio II
Dragaggio e riempim.
325 Gennaio 2000150Realizzare un canale profondo 75 piedi nella parte orientale del Molo 400, rendere più profondi gli esistenti canali da 63 piedi a 81 piedi. I materiali dragati creeranno un'infrastruttura da 325 acri.
Nuovo Terminal Containers del Nuovo Millennio:
Fase Uno160Luglio 2001 n.d.Il terminal, una volta ultimato, disporrà di sei ormeggi, ciascuno con profondità di 50 piedi. Un minimo di 16 gru a cavalletto lavoreranno simultaneamente sei navi. L'infrastruttura di trasferimento intermodale disporrà di sei binari operativi al fine di consentire la movimentazione simultanea di due convogli intermodali.
Fase Due155Gennaio 2003 n.d.
Note:   * = Il Molo 400 consisterà di un terminal containers e di un terminal per rinfuse liquide; il costo complessivo del progetto ammonterà a 800 milioni di dollari; i dati sono espressi in dollari USA.
Fonte: Porto di Los Angeles

Una volta completato, il Molo 400 risulterà nel Terminal Containers del Nuovo Millennio da 315 acri. Fierstine afferma che esso sarà in grado di movimentare tra i cinque ed i sei milioni di TEU all'anno. "Non sarà difficile far sì che i vettori marittimi scalino al Molo 400; la difficoltà starà nel riuscire ad attirare il vettore giusto" - ha spiegato Fierstine, che aggiunge: "Là vogliamo noleggi minimi di 25 anni, protetti da garanzie sui risultati produttivi. Un vettore che desideri proteggere il proprio futuro ed avere un posto al quale ormeggiare le proprie navi, sarà felice di siglare un accordo in questo senso".

Il fatto che la APL abbia sottoscritto con il porto nel 1997 un accordo trentennale di condivisione dei ricavi in relazione al proprio terminal presso il Molo 300 - mentre la Evergreen ha concordato un noleggio di 32 anni nel 1998 e sia la NYK Line che la Yangming dispongono di accordi di 25 anni - conferma che le supposizioni di Fierstine sono corrette. Egli ritiene che il porto a ragione cerchi impegni di tale lunghezza: "I contratti a lungo termine riflettono il nostro investimento. La realizzazione del Molo 400 richiederà probabilmente circa 800 milioni di dollari, senza contare le gru. Le gru dovranno comprarle i clienti".

Fierstine è svelto ad aggiungere che Los Angeles è un porto proprietario immobiliare e, come tale, non si impegna direttamente nelle operazioni terminalistiche, ma "si limita a noleggiarle". Tuttavia, il porto svolge effettivamente un ruolo attivo nelle operazioni dei propri clienti. "Noi ci ingeriamo nelle attività dei nostri clienti allo scopo di non perdere i carichi. La gente che non è legata da noleggi venticinquennali o trentennali ha la tendenza a saltare il fosso. In questa maniera, riusciamo a tenere sotto stretto controllo coloro i quali mirano a spostarsi, di modo che siamo in grado - si spera - di risistemarli al meglio nel nostro porto" ha dichiarato.

Tutti e due i porti credono - altresì - che la ferrovia intermodale sulle banchine possa svolgere un ruolo essenziale in tutti i terminal containers. Wylie di Long Beach, che è stato impegnato nella progettazione e nella messa in opera di quella che ha definito "la prima vera infrastruttura su banchina" presso il porto di Tacoma, situato sul Pacifico Nord-Occidentale degli Stati Uniti, ritiene che la ferrovia intermodale su banchina sia in grado di offrire un discreto potenziale di risparmio sui costi. "Il primo giorno mi sono seduto a calcolare i costi delle procedure ferroviarie intermodali su banchina: sono rimasto stupito nel constatare quanto più economiche esse possano essere. Può darsi che si ottengano risparmi sia dal punto di vista finanziario che da quello dei tempi" ha spiegato.

Fierstine di Los Angeles concorda, affermando che la tendenza sulla Costa Occidentale degli Stati Uniti è quella che i porti dispongano di ferrovie intermodali su banchina. Egli ha peraltro ammesso che Los Angeles è stata "tardiva a buttarsi nel gioco intermodale nelle proprie infrastrutture", in particolar modo se confrontata a Long Beach. Malgrado ciò, egli sente che il ritardo ha rappresentato un vantaggio: "Fortunatamente, per noi il ritardo ha significato poter considerare la cosa con un'ottica più vasta e capire quindi meglio i problemi attinenti le operazioni delle infrastrutture intermodali su banchina. Adesso, la APL, la Evergreen, la NYK Line e la Yangming beneficiano tutte di intermodalismo su banchina ed i nostri terminals sono serviti sia dalla UP (Union Pacific Railroad) che dalla BNSF (Burlington Northern Santa Fe)".

Ma vi sono volumi di carichi movimentati attraverso la Costa Occidentale degli Stati Uniti sufficienti a riempire le dimensioni dei terminals in costruzione a Long Beach ed a Los Angeles?

Come mostra la Tabella 2, sia Long Beach e Los Angeles continuano a far registrare una buona crescita nei propri rispettivi risultati complessivi. Rispetto alle movimentazioni per circa 3,54 milioni di TEU nel 1997, Long Beach prevede di sorpassare nuovamente il segno dei quattro milioni di TEU nel corso del 1999.

Los Angeles ha assistito ad una crescita simile, dato che i suoi risultati sono saliti da appena sotto i tre milioni di TEU nel 1997 a quasi 3,5 milioni di TEU per la fine del 1999. Entrambi i porti si aspettano che i dati definitivi relativi al 1999 siano in linea con le previsioni di mercato, attestate su una crescita tra il 6 ed il 10 per cento.

Nello stesso tempo, tra i porti del Pacifico Nord-Occidentale solamente Vancouver, in Canada, è in grado di dichiarare una crescita notevole. Ci si aspetta che risultati del 1997 pari a 724.000 TEU crescano di qualcosa come il 30% per la fine del 1999, per una cifra di oltre un milione di TEU prevista per l'anno in corso.

TABELLA 2
LA CONDIZIONE DI LONG BEACH & LOS ANGELES SULLA COSTA OCCIDENTALE U.S.A.:
UN CONFRONTO DEI RISULTATI IN TEU DEI DUE PORTI
DAL 1997 ALLA PRIMA META' DEL 1999
 Prima metà 1999 1998 1997
Sbarc. Imbarc. VuotiTotale Sbarc. Imbarc.Vuoti Totale Sbarc.Imbarc. Vuoti Totale
B1095417 489930514196 20995432096901 9736471027141 40976891806785 1107326590488 3504599
A883830 388541472108 17444791715415 794668868136 33782191462622 870926626167 2959715
O227700* 360200*n.d. 587900*438728 714894353700 1507567398157 769172363859 1531188
P44340* 98199*n.d. 142539*82589* 176719*n.d. 259318*108297 186633*n.d. 294930*
S327737 216142131341 874922*571307 420689266108 1543726462981 498349227415 1475813
T- -- -587464 56903195000 1251495604702 55344948000 1206151
V211523 30739899480 618401317602 391672130824 840098249522 357895116737 724154
Note:   B = Long Beach, A = Los Angeles, O = Oakland, P = Portland, S = Seattle, T = Tacoma, V = Vancouver; il totale 1998 di Oakland comprende le rimovimentazioni e le merci varie; il totale 1998 di Seattle comprende il traffico nazionale pari a 285622 TEU; il traffico totale 1997 di Seattle comprende il traffico nazionale pari a 287068; i dati di Vancouver arrivano sino a luglio 1999; i vuoti di Seattle del 1999 arrivano sino a luglio per i traffici con l'Asia, che rappresenta il 96% dei suoi traffici complessivi; * = comprendono i risultati relativi ai vuoti.
Fonte: Porti, dati di Containerisation International Yearbook

Wylie spiega la continua crescita di Long Beach in questo modo: "Long Beach è cresciuta non solo a causa dei traffici transpacifici, ma anche in ragione della diminuzione della quota di mercato di alcuni porti del Pacifico Nord-Occidentale" e continua "tutti i porti della Costa Occidentale devono aumentare le capacità, poiché tutti vogliamo continuare a crescere. La torta, alla fin fine, è grande abbastanza da procurare a tutti noi una fetta ciascuno. I clienti ci dicono che quest'anno - come mercato complessivo - possiamo mirare ad una crescita del 6-8%, e forse si tratterà di una crescita addirittura a due cifre".

Fierstine di Los Angeles offre una prospettiva diversa: "A causa delle dimensioni delle infrastrutture di cui disponiamo, vale a dire più di 200 acri, rispetto ai 50 o 100 acri dei porti del Pacifico Nord-Occidentale, stiamo diventando dei mega-terminals. I vettori vi instradano le proprie navi al fine di trarne vantaggio, e noi sentiamo che ciò comporterà una crescita a doppia cifra per la nostra quota di mercato. Seattle e Tacoma avranno sempre un mercato, ma gli manca una base di popolazione atta a far sì che i vettori vi apportino carichi nazionali".

Se il mercato è in crescita - e sia Long Beach che Los Angeles fanno grande affidamento sui traffici transpacifici per i propri risultati - allora è giusto trarne la conseguenza che la crisi finanziaria asiatica stia attenuandosi?

Fierstine la pensa così. "Le indicazioni provenienti dall'Asia sono nel senso che entro i prossimi 12 mesi ci sarà un'importante svolta nei mercati asiatici. Io penso che si riesca a vedere la luce alla fine del tunnel" sostiene.

Long Beach e Los Angeles si considerano concorrenti reciproci in ordine ai carichi internazionali, mentre i porti del Pacifico Nord-Occidentale sono fonte di ulteriore concorrenza in relazione al mercato nazionale ed intermodale. Peraltro, dato che i vettori marittimi stanno siglando noleggi a lungo termine con i porti, non solo vengono protetti gli investimenti dei entrambi i porti in nuovi terminals, ma è anche meno probabile che i vettori stessi si spostino da un'infrastruttura all'altra di Long Beach e Los Angeles. Tenendo conto dell'accordo triennale recentemente raggiunto tra i datori di lavoro ed i dipendenti dei porti della Costa Occidentale U.S.A., il futuro per questi due giganti vicini sembra essere stabile, con dimensioni delle infrastrutture sempre più importanti.
(da: Containerisation International, ottobre 1999)

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Madrid
Containers amounted to 1,581,071 teu (-5.6%)
Join us at the Communion and Liberation Meeting in Rimini
Rome
Participation in the exhibition area of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport
Port of Ravenna: Executive project for redevelopment of the "Ex Carni" area begins
Ravenna
The aim is to give full functionality to a new logistics and industrial sector in the port area
Container traffic in the port of Algeciras decreased by 11.4% in July.
Algeciras
In the first seven months of 2026 the decline was -3.3%
Hupac will strengthen its intermodal service between Basel and Busto Arsizio.
Noise
An eighth weekly rotation will be introduced from September 7th
Sallaum creates a company for land logistics of cars in Europe
Vilnius
It will initially be equipped with 50 car transporters and the fleet will reach 300 vehicles by 2029
In the second quarter, freight traffic in the port of Taranto grew by +6.7%
Taranto
An increase of +104.9% was recorded in July
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
Viking Holdings Cruise Line Reports Record Quarterly Revenue
Los Angeles
Net profit of $587.7 million (+33.8%)
Container traffic at the Port of Los Angeles dropped 5.8% last month.
Los Angeles
In the first seven months of 2026, growth of +1.8% was recorded
Container traffic at the Port of Long Beach dropped 1.7% in July.
Long Beach
In the first seven months of this year, total traffic was 5,758,086 TEUs (+1.2%)
In the second quarter, RCL recorded an increase in revenues that was outweighed by the increase in operating costs
Bangkok
Net profit down 1.1%
Danish DFDS's quarterly financial performance improves
Copenhagen
In the April-June quarter, rolling stock transported by the fleet increased by 1.1%. Passengers decreased by 8.9%.
Container traffic at HHLA terminals decreased by -8.0% in the second quarter
Hamburg
Revenues increased by 2.5%. Operating costs increased by 5.7%.
Costa Cruises announces change of management for the Americas region.
Genoa
Jorge Serrano Martín de Vidales will replace Dario Rustico
The Livorno Port Authority creates an internal task force for the Darsena Europa project.
Livorno
The aim is to ensure a unified coordination with the commissioner structure that follows the project
MSC installs Jotun's proactive hull cleaning system on MSC Daniela
Sandefjord
Combines advanced antifouling technology with robotic inspection and cleaning
Wan Hai Lines reports a 965.6% increase in quarterly profit
Taipei
The company orders six new 11,000 TEU containerships
In the second quarter, cargo traffic in Montenegrin ports decreased by -5.8%
Podgorica
Cargoes to and from Italy dropped by -40.6%
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the Grande Pacifico
Naples
The vessel is the first of five new sister PCTCs with a capacity of 9,800 ceu
In 2025, the Fratelli Cosulich group's revenues amounted to 1.9 billion euros (-11.5%)
Genoa
Net profit of 20.0 million euros (-3.0%)
Maurizio Longo, Secretary General of Trasportounito, has passed away.
Rome
He passed away in Rome after a long illness.
Terminal Investment Limited abandons Tercat acquisition
Brussels
It provided for joint control of the Barcelona terminal with Hutchison Ports
Work has been completed to activate cold ironing at the Porto Corsini cruise terminal in Ravenna.
Ravenna
Acceleration of the redevelopment process for the former CIVAM area in the port of Vibo Valentia Marina
Vibo Valentia
The area will be transformed into new yards for commercial logistics
Maersk Group sells Maersk Training and Maersk H2S Safety Services
Copenhagen
They will be sold to the US Open Gate Capital, specialized in industrial carve-out operations
In the April-June quarter, the port of Venice handled 6.3 million tons of goods (-1.2%)
Venice
Cruise passengers down by -15.3%
In the second quarter, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna recorded a sharp increase of +10.9%
Ravenna
In the first six months of 2026 the increase was +5.9%
DP World acquires six GXO logistics sites in the UK
Dubai
186,000 square meters and 2,000 employees change hands: this is the transfer imposed by the British Antitrust for the acquisition of Wincanton
DHL soars in the second quarter, but not everywhere
Bonn
Revenue and EBIT in double digits. Express performed well, while Supply Chain and Post & Parcel Germany fared less well.
Global Ship Lease reports record quarterly and half-year revenues
Athens
Rising costs impact profits
DP World to build temperature-controlled logistics hub in the port of Antwerp
Dubai/Kallo
GNV will activate a third maritime service to Algeria on Saturday
Genoa
The Civitavecchia-Annaba line will complement the existing routes from Sète to Algiers and Bejaia.
Danaos Corporation reports quarterly revenue growth of 4.7%.
Athens
The containership segment remains stable. Bulk carriers continue to contribute.
A bulk carrier hit by a shell in the Strait of Hormuz
Southampton/London
One crew member is reportedly missing.
This year, 800,000 cruise passengers are expected in Messina.
Messina
Passengers make a direct expenditure of almost 16 million euros in the city
Container traffic at the Port of New York grew by 1.6% in the second quarter
New York
In the first six months of 2026, 4.43 million TEUs were handled (+0.2%)
HZ Cargo and Railtrans form joint venture for intermodal transport
Zagreb
The aim is to activate a traffic of over 500 thousand tons between the ports of Croatia and the markets of Central Europe.
ICTSI posts record net income of $363 million (+24.2%) in the second quarter
Manila
Another GasLog vessel hit while leaving the Persian Gulf
Piraeus/Southampton
Damage to the engine room
Spinelli Group approves 2025 sustainability report
Genoa
Production value grew by 5%. New hires increased by 48%.
Finnlines reports record quarterly revenues
Helsinki
In the April-June period, net profit was 42.9 million euros (+64.7%)
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
The conference "EU-Mercosur Agreement: The Role of the Maritime Economy" will be held in Genoa on July 1st.
Genoa
It is organized by the Casa America ETS Foundation and the Western Liguria Port Authority
The Federagenti assembly will be held in Civitavecchia on July 3rd.
Rome
Pessina: We will not discuss regulations, community relations, or the pursuit of theories and bureaucracy, but rather the challenges of Italian port infrastructure.
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Rosatom expects cargo traffic along Northern Sea Route to rise 14% in 2026 - CEO
(Interfax)
HD Hyundai Heavy Industries Ends Joint Venture Plan for Block Factory with India's Cochin Shipyard
(Maeil Business Newspaper)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
Fabrizio Marilli will be the new secretary general of the Central Adriatic Sea Port Authority.
Ancona
The Management Committee has approved the institution's budget adjustment
The Western Ligurian Sea Port Authority has adopted the 2026-2028 Port Plan.
Genoa
Projections for 2028 indicate an increase of approximately 150 employees in the ports of the system
The Southern Tyrrhenian and Ionian Sea Port Authority has approved the budget adjustment change.
Gioia Tauro
It records higher revenues and higher expenses of 1.69 million euros
One and a half million euros for training in Tuscan ports
Livorno
The Northern Tyrrhenian Port Authority has presented its 2026-2028 training plan.
Terminali Italia will manage the Orte intermodal terminal starting next year.
Rome
It has approximately 96,000 square meters of yards and three tracks
Italy and Tunisia sign a collaboration agreement in the transport and logistics sector
Rome
Another Saudi-owned Bahri ship attacked by Houthis in the Red Sea
Southampton/Sana'a/Riyadh
Yemeni militants' spokesman claimed responsibility for the attack on the chemical tanker "NCC Ghazal"
The final breakthrough of the two main tunnels of the Brenner Base Tunnel was achieved today.
Bolzano
The two construction sites are connected approximately 1,400 meters below the Brenner Pass
UPS revenues increased 7.6% in the second quarter
Atlanta
Net profit amounted to $604 million (-52.9%)
In 2025, the revenues of the Italian logistics company Nord Ovest grew by +13.6%
Wedge
Net profit down 8.3%
Quarterly freight traffic increased at the ports of Algeciras and Barcelona. Valencia saw a decline.
Algeciras/Barcelona/
Valencia
Increase in containers at the Catalan port
Fincantieri signs agreement with NextGeo's reinvesting partners
Trieste
The operation is part of the development strategy in the diving segment
The update to the DPSS of the ports of Sardinia has been adopted.
Cagliari
Resolution of the Management Committee of the Port System Authority
ICTSI acquires the ATU12 and ATU18 bulk terminals at the Brazilian port of Aratu.
Sao Paulo/Manila
They will be sold by SIMPAR for approximately 355 million dollars
Konecranes reports decline in quarterly financial performance as orders increase
Helsinki
The value of orders relating to port equipment grew by +17%
Fourteen regions are in favor and five are against the bill on port governance reform.
Rome
Rixi: Let's now continue the institutional process with the aim of achieving a balanced reform.
Kuehne+Nagel's net sales increased by 8% in the second quarter.
Schindellegi
Performance improved markedly in the air freight segment
Assagenti's management team has been renewed.
Genoa
The composition of the executive committee and the chairmen of the commissions
DP World signs preliminary agreement to build two terminals at Fujairah Port
Dubai
VIO - Vado Ligure Interport Board of Directors Renewed
Genoa
Pierangelo Olivieri has been appointed president
Kalmar's turnover increased by 14% in the second quarter
Helsinki
New orders value stable
Saipem wins new offshore drilling contract off Ivory Coast
Milan
It was awarded by Eni Côte d'Ivoire
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