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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXII - Number 2/2004 - FEBRUARY 2004

Legislazione

La revisione del Regolamento 4056/86

La Commissione Europea può essere giustificata per non essersi ancora fatta influenzare da nessuna delle interminabili richieste da tempo sottoposte da coloro che sono a favore o contro il mantenimento del Regolamento 4056/86. Questa discussa norma che consente ai vettori appartenenti a conferenze In Europa di fissare tariffe comuni, oneri di movimentazione terminalistica e sovrapprezzi, così come di discutere la domanda e l'offerta, è attualmente in fase di revisione da parte della Commissione Europea. Come ha recentemente confidato una fonte in seno all'organizzazione, "sembra proprio che stiamo girando in circolo".

Alle parti interessate nel settembre 2003 era stato chiesto di esprimere le proprie opinioni sulla normativa in questione, ma, secondo un gruppo di consulenti esterni cui era stato affidato il compito di esaminare tutte le risposte, "le richieste nella sostanza non hanno fornito alcuna nuova prova o testimonianza che suffraghi le già ben note argomentazioni a favore o contro la (continuazione della) esenzione in blocco per le conferenze di linea. Era la stessa carenza di prove che alla fine aveva svalutato l'ultima analisi del Regolamento 4056/86 da parte dell'OECD nel 2002.

Il gruppo di consulenti era guidato dal Professor Hercules Haralambides dell'Università Erasmus di Rotterdam. A complicare i problemi della Commissione Europea, alcune delle conclusioni di allora dei consulenti sono state in seguito ripudiate dalla Commissione Europea, essendo state giudicate al di fuori dei termini di riferimento. Per ragioni che sono note solo a loro, i consulenti non solo hanno riferito sulle risposte, ma hanno altresì espresso le proprie opinioni su diverse importanti questioni. A causa del loro bagaglio di esperienza di estrazione marittima, lo ESC (Consiglio Europeo dei Caricatori) afferma che queste conclusioni si basano troppo sul punto di vista dei vettori.

Ad esempio, la relazione Erasmus affermava: "Alla luce del fatto che oggigiorno tra l'80% ed il 90% dei carichi generali vengono trasportati ai sensi di contratti di servizio, si potrebbe energicamente sostenere che l'immunità anti-trust sulla fissazione dei prezzi da parte delle conferenze sta diventando sempre più irrilevante, e che, perciò, nessuna delle parti dovrebbe in realtà avere ferme convinzioni circa il mantenimento o l'abolizione della 4056/86". I caricatori non sono contenti di questa opinione, dal momento che essa non è fondata su alcuna prova concreta, e, tra le altre cose, trascura gli effetti dei sovrapprezzi comuni e degli oneri di movimentazione terminalistica.

Una successiva audizione pubblica svoltasi a Bruxelles all'inizio di dicembre sembrerebbe solo aver aggiunto altre frustrazioni a quelle che già tormentavano la Commissione Europea. L'evento era stato organizzato al fine di appurare le opinioni delle parti interessate su un certo numero di questioni che richiedevano ulteriori indagini. Ai delegati è stato richiesto di rispondere ad un certo numero di domanda prestabilite, ma pochi hanno scelto di rispondere direttamente ai quesiti.

Ad esempio, in risposta alla domanda: "Tutte le alternative alla fissazione orizzontale dei prezzi sono state esplorate a sufficienza?" la ELAA (Associazione Europea Affari di Linea), che rappresenta i vettori appartenenti a conferenze, si è rifiutata di fare commenti fino a quando non fosse stato chiaramente provato che il sistema delle conferenze non avesse bisogno di riparazioni.

Ed alla domanda successiva, "qual è il prezzo adeguato (relativamente a tariffe di nolo, prezzi tutto compreso, tariffe occasionali o tariffe concretamente pagate dai caricatori)?", la ELAA ha risposto che l'argomento era troppo complicato per essere discusso apertamente, ma che avrebbe voluto incontrarsi in seguito con lo ESC e la Commissione Europea per discutere la questione maggiormente nel dettaglio, e che la ELAA in tal caso avrebbe fatto del proprio meglio per fornire qualsivoglia informazione venisse richiesta.

Fino ad ora, la ELAA ha presentato solamente tariffe a supporto della propria opinione secondo la quale le conferenze in effetti assicurano la stabilità dei prezzi, una delle pietre miliari su cui il Regolamento 4056/86 era stato in origine concordato tra i legislatori. L'apporto dei caricatori è stato di poco migliore e, nel corso dell'audizione, è sembrato ripercorrere le passate enunciazioni. I legali che rappresentavano sia lo ESC che lo AUTF (Consiglio dei Caricatori Francesi) hanno dichiarato che la stabilità dei prezzi in effetti non era più così importante come lo è stata finora, tanto che è stata data l'impressione che, nel caso venisse provato che le conferenze non hanno assicurato la stabilità tariffaria, il Regolamento 4056/86 avrebbe avuto bisogno di essere rivisto o addirittura abrogato.

Francis Lefebvre dell'AUTF ha commentato: "La stabilità dei prezzi non è propriamente un nostro obiettivo. I nostri clienti sono più interessati a prezzi bassi ed al fatto che la determinazione dei prezzi venga lasciata alle normali forze di mercato piuttosto che essa venga raggiunta in modo artificiale attraverso il sistema delle conferenze". Mark Clough, legale dello studio Ashurst Morris Crisp, che rappresenta lo ESC, ha aggiunto: "La stabilità dei prezzi non giustifica obbligatoriamente la necessità del Regolamento 4056/86".

Ciò che la Commissione Europea farà al riguardo è alquanto incerto, ma una fonte interna all'organismo in questione ha rivelato: "Questo non è ciò che ci aspettavamo, ma lo scopo precipuo di un'audizione pubblica è quello di fare chiarezza su tali materie, e noi ci regoleremo di conseguenza".

Com'è loro costume, tutti i rappresentanti della Commissione Europea si sono astenuti dall'esprimere qualsiasi opinione nel corso dell'audizione, affermando soltanto che "tutte le opinioni sarebbero state prese in considerazione a fini di analisi". In separata sede, tuttavia, è stata espressa parecchia frustrazione in ordine alla mancanza di chiarezza di alcune delle risposte. Lowry Evans, direttore dell'unità COMP/D della Commissione Europea, ha dichiarato: "Il nostro compito, adesso, è quello di mettere assieme tutte le informazioni che abbiamo ricevuto e poi riferire a Mario Monti, il commissario responsabile delle politiche della concorrenza. Egli deciderà dove dovremo andare a parare". Non è stata indicata alcuna scadenza temporale.

La prossima iniziativa di Monti sarà o quella di chiedere maggiori informazioni - e, a tale riguardo, l'offerta della ELAA di fornire maggiori informazioni sulle tariffe di nolo appare interessante - o quella di decidere che la Commissione Europea ha già sentito abbastanza da poter presentare un libro verde o bianco che riporti le raccomandazioni utili al dibattito presso il Parlamento europeo.

Egli ha molto materiale da prendere in considerazione, dal momento che la sua precedente decisione, la quale affidava ai vettori marittimi il compito di provare che il Regolamento 4056/86 è ancora pertinente, viene contestata dai vettori marittimi. Monti ha dichiarato che, a meno che i vettori possano provare che quella norma è ancora necessaria, la Commissione Europea si regolerà di conseguenza. Peraltro Ken Sørensen, direttore esecutivo della ELAA, ritiene che l'onere della prova debba essere condiviso tra la Commissione Europea, i caricatori ed i vettori marittimi.

Ha infatti osservato nel corso dell'audizione: "La situazione è quella di qualcuno che incontra un chirurgo il quale gli ordina di consentirgli di amputargli una gamba. E quindi chiede al chirurgo perché vorrebbe farlo, dal momento che è in salute e che non è stato diagnosticato nulla riguardo alla sua gamba. Ma quello, sfortunatamente, non è il punto in questione. Il chirurgo infatti dirà, seguendo l'esempio della Commissione Europea, "io voglio amputare la gamba, a meno che non mi si dimostri che essa funzioni bene e non abbia necessità di essere amputata". Mi domando: è il comportamento, questo, che uno si aspetterebbe da un chirurgo esperto? Io penso di no".

Monti ora dovrebbe essere ben consapevole delle opinioni delle linee di navigazione su questa materia. E' sorprendente, tuttavia, come egli non abbia ancora scelto di fare commenti al riguardo, di modo che, com'è stato chiarito da Evans, la sua decisione è ancora attuale per quanto attiene il resto della Commissione Europea.
(da: Containerisation International, gennaio 2004)




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Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
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Kallithea
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Chaff
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Rome
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River
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Taranto
The 2026 funding for the Apulian port drops to €13.9 million. Gugliotti hopes for a formal confirmation of the remaining resources in 2027.
Port reform: The majority pushes ahead with Porti d'Italia SpA
Rome
The Chamber's Transport Committee rejects the opposition's suppressive amendments.
Gela's Porto Rifugio has received a favorable opinion for dredging the port's waters.
Palermo
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Assologistica event to discuss the Mediterranean strategy for Italian competitiveness
Rome
It will be held next October 30th in Naples
UNIPORT's public meeting will be held in Rome on October 6th.
Rome
Debate on port reform and other relevant aspects of the sector
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Cosco Shipping arm readies China IPO to capitalise on global shipbuilding wave
(South China Morning Post)
Rosatom expects cargo traffic along Northern Sea Route to rise 14% in 2026 - CEO
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
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Naples
Its load capacity reaches 9,800 ceu
Port reform will be discussed in Genoa on October 2nd.
Genoa
Workshop organized by the AdSP and the Altero Matteoli association
Fratelli Cosulich strengthens its logistics network with the opening of Express Global Dubai
Dubai
Teresa Cosulich will be responsible for the new logistics office.
"A Sea of Switzerland" will be held in Lugano on October 9th
Lugano
Ninth edition of the International Forum on Transport and Infrastructure
New attack on a ship in the Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
A bullet caused minor injuries to two crew members
Brullo Group orders three 40,800-ton deadweight oil/chemical tanker vessels
Rome
Order to the Chinese shipyard Anhui Shipyard
A new megayacht production, maintenance, and storage hub opens in Trieste.
Trieste
Trieste Shipyards was founded by Seadock (Samer group) and Yachting Expertise and is owned by Friulia
Confitarma applauds the government's initiative to protect Italian ships in the Red Sea.
Rome
Zanetti: Maritime security is, in effect, a component of national economic security
Unions approve the platform for the single collective bargaining agreement for the shipping industry.
Rome
Filt, Fit and Uilt, is structured around three central elements such as salary, protection, participation and thirteen concrete requests
FHP Intermodal is increasing the frequency of its freight rail service between Fiorenzuola and Incoronata/Bari.
Milan
It goes up to five days a week
This year over 2,000 large yachts operated along the Italian coasts
Rome
Plus 10% for owned boats and a substantially stable trend for chartered ones
The event "Cyber-resilience in the maritime sector: defense, regulations, and European cooperation" will be held in Rome on Tuesday.
Rome
It is organized by Var Group and Confitarma
Smeup, with the acquisition of HTG, expands its portfolio in the logistics and transport sector
Erbusco
The Turin-based company specializes in the development of proprietary software
Saudi Arabian ports: Liquid bulk throughput to decline sharply in 2025
Riyadh
Total traffic fell to 298.3 million tonnes (-10.9%)
A delegation from the Lithuanian port of Klaipeda visited the port of Livorno
Livorno
In-depth comparison of their respective infrastructure development plans
New OOCL service between the Western Mediterranean and Canada
Hong Kong
Collaboration with Ocean Alliance companies and other carriers
The port's future is at the center of the event celebrating the 80th anniversary of Assosped Venezia and Asamar Veneto.
Venice
A conference on Friday will be the highlight of the festival
Increase in port workers at the ports of Monfalcone and Milazzo
Rome
Green light from the General Directorate for Ports, Logistics and Intermodality of the Ministry of the Interior.
Cargo traffic in Greek ports is sharply declining
Piraeus
Stagnation in passenger numbers
Mercitalia Shunting & Terminal has purchased eight Eurolight Dual bimodal locomotives
Rome
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