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19 April 2024 - Year XXVIII
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXV - Number 11/2007 - NOVEMBER 2007

Safety & security

I progressi dei sigilli per contenitori


L’umile sigillo di sicurezza viene ancora considerato quale prima linea difensiva nella battaglia contro il furto di containers ed il terrorismo.


E’ questo il risultato del lungo ed assai approfondito dibattito che alla fine ha comportato la ratifica di un nuovo standard relativo alla produzione ed all’uso dei sigilli “meccanici”.


Questi ultimi comprendono tutti i tipi di modelli di chiavistelli, cavi o congegni ad alta resistenza.


L’ISO-17712 - l’acronimo ufficiale del nuovo standard - rappresenta l’esito di una specifica introdotta quasi cinque anni fa nel periodo successivo all’11 settembre ed alla istituzione del C-TPAT nonché di altre iniziative sulla sicurezza dei trasporti ispirate dagli U.S.A.


Esso dovrebbe entrare ufficialmente a far parte dello statuto ISO entro il 2008.


L’ ISO-17712 è stato realizzato per stabilire, una volta per tutte, i criteri di distinzione dei sigilli meccanici per contenitori dalle loro controparti meramente indicative.


Queste ultime normalmente sono costituite da semplici strisce di plastica o di metallo, utilizzate da molti caricatori quali unici mezzi di protezione delle proprie consegne.


Anche la facilità con cui possono essere controllate le ha rese popolari tra i responsabili delle dogane e dei porti, mentre il loro basso costo gli ha accattivato le simpatie dei vettori marittimi (che, di norma, sono i responsabili della reale garanzia di sicurezza dei contenitori).


Tuttavia, più recentemente, si è verificata la richiesta conclamata dell’uso obbligatorio di sigilli che garantiscano una maggiore sicurezza ed offrano un qualche tipo di barriera fisica, sebbene ciò sia risultato difficile da porre in atto in assenza di una esatta definizione delle caratteristiche necessarie.


L’ISO-17712 in effetti ovvia a questo problema, ed anche minuziosamente.


Mediante l’indicazione di quattro principali parametri di resistenza (tensione, rottura, flessione ed impatto), esso definisce una serie di requisiti minimi e fissa l’esatta metodologia di collaudo “neutrale” da utilizzarsi.


Il collaudo di tutti i sigilli meccanici può essere approvato solamente ai sensi dell’ISO-17712 se espletato in un sito di collaudo accreditato secondo l’ISO-17025.


Gran parte del ritardo recentemente verificatosi nella ratifica dello standard può essere attribuito alle approfondite discussioni in ordine alle procedure dei test.


Inoltre, l’ISO-17712 si occupa dell’intera materia dell’uso del sigillo di sicurezza, compresa l’esigenza per i produttori/fornitori di conservare registrazioni accurate delle vendite e della sequenza delle numerazioni, nonché, per gli utenti finali, di adottare proprie procedure esaurienti di verifica dei conti.


Assicurare una definizione - di cui si avvertiva molto l’esigenza - dei chiavistelli, cavi ed altri congegni, dovrebbe evitare la produzione di sigilli di scarsa qualità e contribuire all’eliminazione delle frodi e contraffazioni.


Tuttavia, sono già state espresse alcune critiche da parte di rispettabili produttori di sigilli che si dice abbiano trovato difficoltà nell’ottenere le necessarie approvazioni.


Fino adesso, solo un numero molto piccolo di laboratori di collaudo sono stati designati e tutti quanti con sede negli Stati Uniti.


Il primo, la Bodycote ACT Laboratories, è stata designato a maggio di quest’anno dalla ISMA (Associazione Internazionale Produttori Sigilli), che, sebbene rappresenti oltre l’80% della produzione globale di sigilli, riunisce al momento meno di una decina di membri.


L’elenco comprende la EJ Brooks, la Tyden-Brammall, la OneSeal, la Universeal, la ITW-Envopak, la Acme Seal, la Unisto, la American Castings e la Sealock Securuty Systems.


Tuttavia, esistono molte decine di società che al momento fabbricano o commerciano sigilli a livello mondiale, la maggior parte delle quali hanno un buon nome.


Al di là di tali inconvenienti, la realizzazione dell’ISO-17712 ha chiaramente apportato vantaggi, mentre la maggior parte dei soggetti interessati (fornitori di sigilli, linee di navigazione ed esportatori/ricevitori) già accettano i suoi principi.


La bozza dello standard era stata rilasciata dall’Organizzazione Mondiale delle Dogane e dal Consiglio Marittimo Mondiale nel 2005, mentre il Dipartimento per la Sicurezza Nazionale degli Stati Uniti - attraverso il programma C-TPAT - da tempo desiderava l’utilizzazione dell’ISO-17712 quale mezzo per istituire un requisito di sicurezza minimo per tutti i container che transitano nei porti degli Stati Uniti.


Ai sensi della regolamentazione C-TPAT proposta, tutti i box in questione dovrebbero essere dotati di un sigillo meccanico approvato, pena il fermo od il ritardo.


Ogni utilizzazione di un modello di sigillo più resistente potrebbe fargli conseguire, peraltro, una posizione di fila migliore.


Si è già verificata una sostanziale crescita della domanda per sigilli a chiavistello (ed a cavo), tanto che essi stanno rapidamente diventando la norma per la maggior parte delle spedizioni containerizzate.


Molti di loro, inoltre, vengono adesso applicati di routine anche sui contenitori vuoti.


Il sigillo indicativo è ancora popolare, ma non più come unico mezzo di protezione.


Invece, esso ora è spesso utilizzato unitamente ad un sigillo meccanico al fine di fornire una protezione maggiormente visibile per un controllo doganale agevolato.


L’aumento dell’uso di sigilli meccanici più resistenti ha già comportato una robusta crescita del 10% delle vendite complessive annue per diversi anni, il che rappresenta una buona notizia per i produttori, mentre la produzione adesso viaggia nell’ordine delle decine di milioni all’anno.


Ciononostante, lo sviluppo a livello generalizzato di un sigillo elettronico “esperto” continua ad essere considerato come un progresso logico.


Un importante passo avanti è stato fatto all’inizio di quest’anno nel senso del conseguimento di una qualche standardizzazione globale anche in questo settore, quando è stato pubblicato l’ISO-18185 e sono state approvate due frequenze ai fini dell’utilizzazione nell’interrogazione RFID (identificazione frequenza radio) dei sigilli elettronici per contenitori e dei congegni di percezione.


Una è la 434 MHz, in gran parte supportata dalla tecnologia attualmente in offerta da parte della Savi Technology.


L’altra è la 2.4 GHz, al momento preferita dalla GE Security, che lavora in collaborazione con la Siemens e la Mitsubishi Corp.


Quest’ultima collaborazione ha avuto quale esito il sistema di sicurezza per containers “CommerceGuard”, l’ultima versione del quale (la 3.0) è stata introdotta quest’anno.


Si tratta di un congegno completo per la gestione della sicurezza a distanza, installato in modo permanente sul contenitore, mentre l’offerta della Savi è piuttosto un sistema di etichettatura ed è forse più adatta all’incorporazione per un solo viaggio all’interno di un sigillo meccanico di sicurezza già installato.


Tuttavia, la complessità ed il prezzo relativamente alto di queste (ed altre) alternative di “sigillo elettronico” continuano a fungere da deterrente per una loro maggiore diffusione, specialmente se confrontati con l’economico prezzo di 1 dollaro USA o ancor meno che oggi viene pagato per un sigillo passivo (cioè non elettronico) a chiavistello od a cavo.


Inoltre, i collaudi indipendenti espletati recentemente da talune parti interessate (tra cui la APL) mostrano come la maggior parte degli attuali modelli di sigillo elettronico possano ancora essere manomessi in modo relativamente semplice e siano pertanto vulnerabili ad attacchi esterni.


Di conseguenza, non è ancora in programma una loro produzione in serie, anche se molti produttori ben noti di versioni meccaniche sono da tempo impegnati nello sviluppo del sigillo elettronico ed un ulteriore progresso è atteso nell’immediato per quanto attiene l’istituzione di standard per comunicazioni ed altri protocolli.
(da: Containerisation International, ottobre 2007, pag. 75)


FROM THE HOME PAGE
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In February, shipping traffic in the Suez Canal declined by -42.8% percent.
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In Norway, the construction of the world's two largest hydrogen-powered ferries
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Order of Torghatten company at the shipyard Myklebust
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Strong increase (+ 29.0%) of feeder ships departing from the Dutch stopover to the Mediterranean ports
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Drastic reduction of passenger traffic in the Crimean port scans
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Round table with representatives of the institutions of the European Union
Joe Kramek will be the next president and CEO of the World Shipping Council
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Anverse
On the increase the containers. Decrease in other loads. Belgian, Dutch and German ports urge European governments to ensure that industries remain in Europe
Partnership of HD Hyundai Heavy Industries and Anduril Industries in the Field of Maritime Defense
Orange County / Seoul
Envisage the design, development and production of new types of autonomous naval systems
d' Friend International Shipping orders two new tankers LR1
Luxembourg
Commits to China's shipyard Jiangsu New Yangzi Shipbuilding Co.
Global Infrastructure Partners waives to acquire 49% percent of Malaysian MMC Port Holdings
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CMA CGM Air Cargo announces its first transpacific line
Marseille
Three aircraft will be taken over between summer and early next year.
In 2023 new annual historical record of maritime traffic in the Stories of Malacca and Singapore
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The previous maximum peak had been reached in 2018
HMM announces the nearly doubling of fleet capacity by 2030
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Expected 63% increments of the volumes transportable from container carriers and 95% in the bulk carrier sector
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In the first quarter of 2024, the Port of Singapore handled ten million containers (+ 10.7%)
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The overall traffic in goods increased by 7.6%
Iran has given way to the attack on Israel with the seizure of the container ship. MSC Aries
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Le Aziende informano
ABB fornirà la sua soluzione per il Cold - Ironing nel Porto Internazionale di Portsmouth
The construction of the new Venetian container terminal in Porto Marghera is being carried out.
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Venice
It will be able to accommodate Panamax vessels and will have an annual traffic capacity of one million teu
The French Senate has approved a bill to limit the right to strike in transport
The French Senate has approved a bill to limit the right to strike in transport
Last year container traffic in Malta decreased by -11.4%
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The Valletta
Crucierists in growth of 59.1%
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Madrid
Applause from ANAVE. The number of national flag merchant ships has fallen to the all-time low
Pirate attacks on ships have been growing.
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Zurich
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Salerno
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Euronav sells its own ship management company to Anglo-Eastern
Antwerp / Hong Kong
Manages the fleet of tanker ships of the Antwerp company
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Genoa
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Venice Cold Stores & Logistics obtains the qualification of tax warehouse for wines and sparkling
Venice
Extension of the services offered to companies in the wine sector
Gasparate urges to exempt property of interports from payment of the Imu
Nola
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Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
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Hapag-Lloyd plans future investments to expand business in the terminal and intermode sectors
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In the first quarter of this year, container traffic in the port of Long Beach increased by 16.4%
Long Beach
In March, the increase was 8.3% percent.
Delivery of the work of consolidation of the foranea dam of the port of Catania
Catania
Procurement of the value of 75 million euros
Plan to improve in Genoa and Savona the rail links with cruise terminals and airport
Genoa
It was presented today in the Ligurian capital
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The programme provides for technical events and cultural proposals
Three new STS cranes have arrived in the Kenyan port of Lamu.
Mombasa
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One hundred new IVECO trucks powered by HVO in the Smet fleet
Turin
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Beijing
Operated 4,541 trains (+ 9%)
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Hong Kong
In March, the decline was -10.6% percent.
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Livorno
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Genoa
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Hong Kong
Containers carried by the OOCL fleet increased by 3.4%
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Rome
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Rome
The Logistics Pole posted a net loss of -80 million euros, up 63 million euros.
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PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
On April 11, the sixth edition of the "Italian Port Days" will begin.
Rome
Also this year the project has been divided into two sessions : the first in the spring and the second from September 20 to October 20
On April 16 in Nola, the national conference of the Union Interports Reunited
Nola
Event " Interports to the center. A strategic network for Italy "
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Iran says MSC Aries vessel seized for 'violating maritime laws'
(Reuters)
Le transport maritime national navigue à vue
(Aujourd'hui Le Maroc)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Relazione del presidente Mario Mattioli
Roma, 27 ottobre 2023
››› File
Germany's Dachser has acquired the compatriate Brummer Logistik
Kempten
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Taipei
In March, the increase was 36.5% percent.
Cooperation pact between the associations of the ports and ferry companies of Greece
The Piraeus
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Cyvitavecchia
Passenger of line services growing by 10.0%
RINA will collaborate on the sustainable development of ports and shipping of Indonesia
Genoa
Contract with the World Bank
In Udine the Officine Rotable Maintenance of FVG Rail has been equipped with a lawn back in fossa
Procedure
Interporto Padova's assembly to merge for incorporation of the Zip Consortium
Padova
Capital increase of more than 7.8 million split between Municipality, Province, and Chamber of Commerce
Turkish Arkas orders four container ships from 4,300 teu to Guangzhou Wenchong Shipyard
Izmir
On the way an investment of 240 million
Deutsche Bahn would have solicited a group of potential bidders to submit proposals to acquire DB Schenker
New York
The invitation addressed, among others, to DSV, Maersk and MSC
Interferry calls on governments to use carbon tax revenues to equip the harbour quays of cold ironing
Victoria
Corrigan : 'imperative that the extensive installation of OPS facilities is undertaken with urgency'
Training courses for GNV crews to avoid collisions with cetaceans and sea turtles
Genoa
Made together with the research body Foundation CIMA, they also promote the protection of biodiversity
DP World and Rumo will carry out a new grain and fertilizer terminal in the port of Santos
Curitiba / Dubai
Expected an investment of nearly 500 million
Singaporean ONE will restructure the feeder service between the Adriatic and Egypt
Singapore
You will include scals in Trieste and Piraeus
Over 700mila crucierists approved in 2023 at Spezia spent a total of 71.2 million euros.
The Spezia
68.3% of this sum for the purchase of organized tours
New rail services of Rail Cargo Group between Austria, Germany and Italy
Vienna
Increase in the frequency of departures on the Duisburg-Villach-Lubiana line
Five more ULCV banchina cranes for the Malaysian port of Tanjung Pelepas
Gelang Patah
They have been ordered to Chinese ZPMC
On April 11, the sixth edition of the "Italian Port Days" will begin.
Rome
Also this year the project has been divided into two sessions : the first in the spring and the second from September 20 to October 20
Autonomous driving systems ensure benefits to self-driving companies and drivers, ensure from China
Shanghai
Deshun Logistics tests the technologies of Inceptio Technology in commercial travel
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