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18 September 2025 - Year XXIX
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
06:38 GMT+2
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FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics

Convegno
"Savona nella logistica del sistema portuale
dell'Alto Tirreno"

26 aprile 1999


Relazione del
Prof. Giuseppe Sciutto

Presidente dell'Autorità Portuale di Savona - Vado


Negli anni recenti processi macroeconomici quali il dirottamento delle produzioni agroalimentari e delle attività manifatturiere industriali verso Paesi in via di sviluppo, oltre a positive scelte tecnologiche, come l'affermarsi della containerizzazione, e successivamente del gigantismo sia dei mezzi navali che degli impianti a terra, hanno consentito ai trasporti marittimi di superare una fase di declino per diventare parte fondamentale delle catene distributive, perfettamente in linea con le logiche del just in time. I trasporti marittimi, nel confronto con altre modalità, presentano inoltre oggettivi margini di crescita se si considera che mari e oceani occupano oltre il 70% della superficie terrestre e la contiguità dei bacini consente la comunicazione tra i vari punti dell'idrosfera senza l'attraversamento di terre emerse. Un ulteriore elemento che rafforza il ruolo dei trasporti marittimi è dato dal fatto che, a livello mondiale, nella fascia entro 50 km dalla costa (che rappresenta solo il 12% delle terre emerse) si addensa il 30% della popolazione.

Così già oggi i trasporti via mare coprono il 90% degli scambi commerciali tra i Paesi dell'UE e le Nazioni esterne ed il 30% degli scambi interni alla Comunità, mentre nel caso dell'Italia, il 45% delle importazioni e il 66% delle esportazioni avvengono per via marittima.


La politica comunitaria per il sistema europeo dei trasporti

In considerazione del ruolo determinante dei trasporti, e di quelli marittimi in particolare, per il progresso socio-economico, notevoli aspettative sono legate al processo di integrazione tra i Paesi dell'Unione Europea, tuttavia, alla creazione del mercato unico a sostegno del sistema produttivo interno ad oggi non ha fatto seguito un'azione altrettanto efficace nel settore dei trasporti e delle reti, che hanno continuato a svilupparsi privilegiando piani di scala nazionale a discapito di visioni di sistema.

In questo modo si è creato un gap enorme tra sistema produttivo e reti di trasporto; per colmarlo si è inizialmente seguito un approccio bottom-up, individuando i punti deboli del sistema e definendo, per eliminarli, progetti di grande infrastrutturazione (14 progetti di Essen); tuttavia questa strategia, mirata a obiettivi di lungo termine, non ha saputo offrire risposte adeguate alle veloci dinamiche di sviluppo dell'industria, che, di conseguenza, ha adattato i propri metodi di distribuzione al sistema di trasporto esistente, privilegiando, necessariamente, la distribuzione su gomma e accentuando i problemi di squilibrio modale.

Particolarmente significativi, in questo senso, sono i dati recentemente illustrati dall'ing. Salvarani, nuovo responsabile della DGVII per le Reti Transeuropee di Trasporto, relativi agli investimenti UE su fondi TEN effettuati dal 1995 ad oggi, che dal punto di vista geografico hanno continuato a interessare le regioni più sviluppate:

Centro Europa33%
Mediterraneo21%
Atlantico19%
Baltico14%
Regioni periferiche13%

e sono stati ripartiti tra le varie modalità tralasciando i trasporti marittimi in posizione marginale e trascurando completamente l'interoperabilità dei sistemi di trasporto:

ferrovia61%
strada13%
aeroporti4%
porti2%
sistema di gestione19%

La consapevolezza del ritardo accumulato nel percorso verso l'obiettivo di dotare il mercato unico europeo di una rete di infrastrutture finalizzata allo sviluppo delle relazioni economico-commerciali e alla coesione territoriale, ha portato la Comunità a elaborare nuove strategie di pianificazione tese a realizzare un sistema di trasporto multimodale integrato nelle infrastrutture e ottimizzato nei metodi di gestione, con l'adozione di procedure che consentano il miglioramento della qualità e della funzionalità delle reti transeuropee e il pieno sfruttamento delle capacità esistenti, anche attraverso l'impiego di nuove applicazioni tecnologiche (informatiche in particolare) e l'adozione di procedure standard che favoriscano lo snellimento della burocrazia (es. dogane) e consentano di fornire ai sistemi industriali un servizio affidabile e di qualità.
Inoltre è necessario andare oltre alle dichiarazioni di volontà politica, per lanciare progetti come lo SSS (Short Sea Shipping), infatti per mettere in piedi progetti realistici occorre coinvolgere operatori ed industrie e usare le richieste dei clienti (user input) come specifiche per i progetti, sostenendo lo SSS come parte del trasporto combinato. Quindi bisogna convogliare fondi TEN su applicazioni tecnologiche che consentano di migliorare i sistemi di trasporto senza ricorrere a nuovi (lunghi e costosi) interventi infrastrutturali.


La situazione italiana

Senza una forte regia unitaria europea, i sistemi di trasporto nazionali si sono evoluti secondo strategie e modalità diverse, con risultati più o meno soddisfacenti. In particolare, il sistema italiano continua a rappresentare un elemento di debolezza nella struttura complessiva del Paese, legate alle carenze infrastrutturali aggravate da una serie di inefficienze stigmatizzate di recente anche dall'OCSE (Rapporto sullo stato dell'economia in Italia - Parigi, 15 ottobre 1998): la mancanza di adeguate forme di concorrenza per quanto concerne mercato del lavoro e servizi di trasporto, la politica dei prezzi poco flessibile, le difficoltà di accesso del capitale privato al finanziamento delle infrastrutture, la scarsa razionalità nella sequenza degli investimenti nelle reti di trasporto, l'insoddisfacente coordinamento delle politiche dei trasporti in funzione del riequilibrio del sistema e della tutela dell'ambiente.

D'altra parte, la capacità di pianificazione, organizzazione e progettualità non costituiscono certamente i punti di forza del nostro Paese. Naturalmente sarebbe un'ingiustizia non riconoscere i meriti ad individualità di spicco nei vari settori della progettazione, settori in cui l'italico ingegno ancora si riflette e si fa apprezzare, raccogliendo anche consensi a livello internazionale; ma la progettualità è un'altra cosa, è cultura della progettazione ad ampio respiro, è visione sistemica non confinata al singolo componente. La mancanza delle capacità di cui si diceva è evidente soprattutto nel campo delle opere pubbliche. E' sintomo di mancanza di progettualità anche la discontinuità di finanziamenti che, essendo soggetta al mutare dei governi, la cui durata da noi è piuttosto aleatoria, finisce con l'invalidare le previsioni, pregiudicando l'efficacia delle opere stesse, laddove questa dipende dall'ultimazione di altri interventi e con l'allontanare, in definitiva, l'interesse degli eventuali investitori privati. Non è casuale che i tentativi di impostare una strategia di pianificazione e progettualità in un settore in cui le capacità di formulare tali strategie è fondamentale, quello dei trasporti, siano naufragati: l'attuazione del vecchio Piano Generale dei Trasporti è rimasta nel cassetto dei sogni ed il Cipet, l'organismo di programmazione del settore, è stato sciolto.

D'altro canto, desta preoccupazione anche l'approccio alle questioni portuali contenuto nel PGT in corso di elaborazione , che travisa le richieste di autonomia finanziaria da parte delle Autorità Portuali: infatti il decentramento fiscale, auspicato dalle Authority, viene interpretato nel PGT come un'intenzione da parte delle Autorità Portuali di ridurre il proprio ruolo a quello di agenzia di riscossione delle imposte.

Questa impostazione denuncia una distorta visione del problema, se si considera che l'istanza nasce proprio dal confronto con il Nord Europa, dove i porti sono governati e finanziati direttamente dalle municipalità.

Questo non vuol dire che lo sviluppo dei porti debba essere legato unicamente ai finanziamenti pubblici, ma è chiaro che il recupero del gap logistico e infrastrutturale che separa ancora oggi i porti italiani dai competitor del Nord, legato al lungo periodo di crisi che ha condizionato la portualità italiana, non può avvenire solo grazie ai proventi dei canoni di concessione, se si pensa che il piano di investimenti di Assoporti per i progetti di strutturazione immediata ammonta a oltre 3.500 miliardi di spesa.

Oltretutto è impensabile aumentare oltre l'incidenza dei canoni sul traffico portuale quando si osservi che a causa dell'inefficienza del sistema di inoltre terrestre la linea di equidistanza economica fra i porti italiani e quelli del nord passa per Basilea.

Inoltre l'osservazione contenuta nel PGT circa la scarsa propensione dei porti italiani a porsi come sistemi-impresa di trasporto e logistica, sembra poco corretta se si considera che, nella consapevolezza dell'esigenza imprescindibile di integrare i porti con i sistemi di trasporto terrestre, le Autorità Portuali hanno chiesto di poter partecipare direttamente a società di gestione della logistica e dell'intermodalità, possibilità successivamente attraverso la legge 30/98.

Ancora una volta, però, occorre sottolineare che per lo sviluppo infrastrutturale e logistico dei porti è necessario mettere in campo un grande sforzo di pianificazione e progettualità, che parte senza dubbio dalla redazione dei Piani Regolatori Portuali in corso di redazione da parte delle Authority.

Nel caso di Savona, le attività per l'elaborazione del Piano Regolatore Portuale avviate formalmente nell'agosto 1997, con la costituzione dell'Ufficio del Piano, sono oggi al momento di sintesi e il documento sarà presentato al Comitato entro pochi mesi.

Il Piano Regolatore Portuale di Savona ha, naturalmente, il suo punto centrale nella ricerca di soluzioni per lo sviluppo della parte commerciale del porto, attraverso la razionalizzazione delle risorse spaziali esistenti (con la rilocalizzazione di alcune attività tra i due bacini in amministrazione, quello storico di Savona e quello più recente di Vado Ligure), la definizione di ipotesi progettuali per l'espansione delle opere marittime per l'insediamento di nuove attività, in particolare contenitori e cabotaggio.

In considerazione dell'enorme valore aggiunto generato dalle attività logistiche (in questo si concorda con il PGT), che creano ricchezza e occupazione in rapporto di circa 7 a 1 rispetto alle attività portuali dirette, il Piano Regolatore di Savona rivolge attenzione particolare all'individuazione di spazi per le attività di manipolazione e distribuzione della merce, studiando anche ipotesi di aree in regime extradoganale).

Tuttavia gli obiettivi del Piano non si esauriscono nella parte commerciale, infatti altro elemento portante è la gestione del waterfront, questione fondamentale per la gestione delle relazioni porto-città, e delle attività correlate (diporto, cantieristica ecc.) che garantiscono un ritorno occupazionale e una creazione di valore per unità di superficie molto maggiore rispetto alle attività portuali in senso stretto, oltre a costituire una fonte di reddito non trascurabile per l'Autorità Portuale, infatti se dai terminalisti giunge all'Authority circa il 65% degli introiti per canoni concessori, il restante 35% proviene proprio da queste attività non strettamente "portuali".

Infine, con il Piano Regolatore Portuale si intende ricercare la soluzione di problemi trasversali alle attività portuali, come l'organizzazione del lavoro, determinando il corretto dimensionamento delle risorse occupazionali necessarie per lo svolgimento delle attività esistenti e di prospettiva, e giungendo alla definizione di schemi e criteri per regolamentare il rilascio di nuove licenze d'impresa in relazione all'utilizzo del lavoro portuale.

Lo sviluppo della containerizzazione determina l'esigenza di disporre di spazi portuali sempre più vasti, in genere non disponibili nei terminal tradizionali, troppo vicini alle città, e che non possono essere reperiti facilmente a causa dei numerosi vincoli paesistici tipici delle aree costiere.

Ecco dunque la convenienza di coordinare le azioni delle singole Autorità nell'ottica dello sviluppo di sistemi portuali, in quanto il coordinamento fra porti di uno stesso bacino geografico favorisce la concentrazione dei finanziamenti verso un numero ridotto di interventi prioritari e lo sfruttamento ottimale delle risorse infrastrutturali. Ne discende l'esigenza, per ogni sistema portuale, di reperire aree destinate all'espansione e di realizzare adeguati collegamenti con l'entroterra, cosa che richiede il superamento di interessi locali a favore di una visione d'insieme. In questo contesto, la capacità di pianificazione territoriale sarà fondamentale, perché le scelte coinvolte sono destinate ad incidere a lungo sull'organizzazione del territorio e sullo sviluppo delle imprese.

La capacità di pianificare, insomma sarà necessaria per compiere un ulteriore salto di qualità: i Master Plan dei porti sul Mare del Nord, rappresentano un modello di pianificazione a cui Piani Regolatori Portuali degli scali italiani potranno ispirarsi per dare un contributo allo sviluppo dell'intero sistema logistico italiano.

›››File
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Barcelona
The company currently has 52 employees throughout Spain.
Port of Trieste: EU funding for two new projects
Trieste
Resources with a total value of 1.7 million euros
Filt Cgil, the Flotilla incident is serious. Dockworkers are ready to mobilize.
Rome
Union announces action if aid is not allowed to reach Gaza
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
In the first eight months of 2025, container traffic in the port of Gioia Tauro grew by +10.6%
Gioia Tauro
2,912,943 TEUs were handled
Stena Line to buy Latvian port operator Terrabalt
Gothenburg
It handles rolling stock, bulk cargo, and general cargo traffic in the port of Liepaja.
Meyer Turku begins construction of Royal Caribbean's fourth "Icon"-class cruise ship
Miami/Turku
It will be delivered in 2027
More than one in ten maritime shipments has shortages
Washington
This is what a report by the World Shipping Council has revealed, highlighting the safety risks
Last July, traffic in the port of Ravenna increased by +3.8%
Ravenna
In the first seven months of 2025, growth was +5.4%
In the first quarter of 2025, freight traffic in Belgian ports fell by -3.2%.
Brussels
Landings down 1.3% and embarkations down 5.4%
Product tanker High Fidelity rescues 38 migrants on a drifting dinghy
Rome
Intervention in the south of the island of Crete
GES and RINA sign agreement to develop a prototype of a new hydrogen battery
Rovereto/Genoa
PSA's second phase of container terminal at Mumbai Port inaugurated
Singapore
Annual traffic capacity will increase to 4.8 million TEUs
The conference "EU ETS - Perspectives and Opportunities for Decarbonization in the Maritime Sector" will be held in Palermo.
Rome
It will be held on September 18th and 19th
Fincantieri and PGZ sign an agreement to support the modernization of the Polish Navy
Trieste
The third LSS section for Chantiers de l'Atlantique was launched in Castellammare di Stabia.
In the US, funding for wind energy development projects in ports is being cut.
Washington
Resources worth $679 million will be reallocated for port infrastructure upgrades
From January 1st, Kombiverkehr will operate the PKV intermodal terminal in the port of Duisburg.
Frankfurt am Main
It has a traffic capacity of approximately 200 thousand intermodal units per year.
Wallenius Marine and ABB form Overseas joint venture
Stockholm
The aim is to accelerate the launch of the platform of the same name for improving fleet performance.
DHL eCommerce has acquired a minority stake in Saudi Arabia's AJEX Logistics Services.
Bonn/Riyadh
The Middle Eastern company has two thousand employees
The Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport has asked the Region to agree on the appointment of Bagalà as president of the Sardinian Port Authority.
Rome
He is currently the extraordinary commissioner of the same body
CMPort's port terminals handled record container traffic in the second quarter
Hong Kong
In the first six months of 2025 the total was 78.8 million TEUs (+4.3%)
Confitarma approves the decree on advanced training for tanker seafarers.
Rome
Applause to the General Command of the Port Authority Corps
Quarterly freight traffic in Moroccan ports increases
Tangier/Casablanca
In Tanger Med the growth was +17%
The board of directors of the Genoa-based Ente Bacini has been renewed.
Genoa
President Alessandro Arvigo and CEO Maurizio Anselmo
In the second quarter, sales of dry containers produced by CIMC fell by -33%.
Hong Kong
Reefer boats increase by 57%
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the Grande Shanghai
Naples
It will be used for the transport of vehicles between East Asia and Northern Europe
Chinese automaker FAW ships components to Europe by train
Changchun
Transit time reduced to 18 days compared to 45 days for maritime transport
The ART urges to verify that the investment plan and the related amortization period are consistent with the duration of the port concessions.
Turin
Opinions regarding the concession extensions requested by the Neapolitan companies So.Te.Co. and Co.Na.Te.Co.
The assets and fleet of the Spanish Armas Trasmediterránea will be sold to Baleària and DFDS
Las Palmas/Dénia/Copenhagen
Two agreements worth €215 million and €40 million respectively have been signed.
Italian State Railways (FS), investing €70 million to install the ERTMS system.
Rome
Work has been completed on 382 Trenitalia trains, while the retrofitting of 60 locomotives from Mercitalia Rail, an FS Logistix company, is underway.
MPC Container Ships' quarterly revenue returns to growth
The second quarter of 2025 was closed with a net profit of 78.1 million dollars (+20.5%)
Plans to build two container customs areas north and south of the Suez Canal
Cairo
Fourteen of the 48 abandoned shipwrecks in Catania port have been removed.
Catania
The activity will be replicated in the port of Augusta
The Regional Administrative Court (TAR) has confirmed the validity of the tender for the new Ravano Terminal in the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
DP World's port terminals handled record quarterly container traffic
Dubai
Revenues grew by 22.2% in the first half of 2025
In the quarter April-June the volume of rolling stock transported by Höegh Autoliners increased by +9.0%
Oslo
Sharp increase (+46.6%) of vehicles from Asia
South Korea's HD Korea Shipbuilding & Offshore Engineering acquires Vietnam's Doosan Enerbility
Seongnam
It manages an industrial area with its own port facility
Container traffic in the port of Algeciras grew by 6.6% in July
Algeciras
In the first seven months of 2025, a decrease of -2.9% was recorded
In July, the port of Valencia handled 488,000 containers (+6.7%)
Valencia
Increase driven by growth in empty containers
Salvini has appointed Annalisa Tardino as extraordinary commissioner of the Western Sicilian Sea Port Authority.
Rome/Palermo
The President of the Sicilian Region announces the appeal against the provision
The materials dredged in the ports of La Spezia and Carrara will be used for the construction of the new breakwater in Genoa.
Genoa/La Spezia
Agreement between the two Ligurian Port System Authorities
X-Press Feeders denounces authorities' failure to acknowledge responsibility in the X-Press Pearl accident
Singapore
According to the company, the Supreme Court ruling ignores international maritime law
Cargo traffic in Russian ports remained stable in July
St. Petersburg
In the first seven months of 2025, loads decreased by -4.6%
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong decreased by -6.5% in July
Hong Kong
A decline of -3.7% was recorded in the first seven months of 2025
In July, the Port of Singapore set a new all-time record for monthly container traffic with 3.9 million TEUs.
Singapore
In terms of weight, containerized cargo decreased by -3.6%
Compensation to be paid by the Civitavecchia Port Authority in the Fincosit case has been set at €1.5 million.
Civitavecchia
Latrofa: The ruling allows the release of set-aside sums that have frozen the budget for years.
Germany's HHLA posts record quarterly revenue
Hamburg
In the second quarter, the group's port terminals handled 3.2 million containers (+7.9%)
In the first half of 2025, CK Hutchison's port terminals handled 44 million containers (+4.0%)
Hong Kong
In the quarter April-June the Wallenius Wilhelmsen fleet transported 14.8 million cubic meters of rolling stock (-0.5%)
Lysaker
Revenues down by -0.7%
In the second quarter, Montenegro's ports handled 670 thousand tons of goods (+0.6%)
Podgorica
Volumes with Italy amounted to 154 thousand tons (+53.1%)
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Conference: "Waiting and Delays in Road Transport: Logistics in Check"
Genoa
Organized by Trasportounito, it will be held on September 26th in Genoa
The conference "EU ETS - Perspectives and Opportunities for Decarbonization in the Maritime Sector" will be held in Palermo.
Rome
It will be held on September 18th and 19th
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Korean Firms Reassess U.S. Investments After Mass Immigration Raid
(The Korea Bizwire)
Russia's infrastructure development plan aims to build 17 marine terminals by 2036
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
With the arrival of the first container ship, the testing of operational procedures at the Rijeka Gateway begins.
The Hague
The first commercial ship is expected on September 12th
A proposal to bring the port of Taranto back onto global container routes? Start a discussion table.
Taranto
Meeting on the status of freight traffic
Port of Ancona: Tender for demolition of fire-damaged Tubimar warehouses
Ancona
The expected duration of the works is four and a half months
Merger of the German MACS and Hugo Stinnes, both active in the MPP vessel segment
Hamburg/Rostock
Stinnes headquarters in Rostock to close by December 31
In the second quarter, freight traffic in Albanian ports grew by +2.9%
Tirana
There were 331 thousand passengers (+13.6%)
A.SPE.DO, operationalizing the Smart Terminal to increase the competitiveness of the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
ING loans to Premuda for over 100 million dollars
Milan
Funds for the management buyout and the purchase of two product tankers
Sallaum Lines has taken delivery of the first of six Ocean-class dual-fuel PCTCs
Rotterdam
The ship was completed four months ahead of schedule
First meeting of the new Management Committee of the Western Ligurian Sea Port Authority
Genoa
Several measures approved, including those for CULMV and CULP staff
Euroports to operate a new liquid bulk terminal in the French port of Port-La Nouvelle
Beveren-Kruibeke-Zwijndrecht
It is expected to become operational in 2026
In the second quarter, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna increased by +2.6%
Ravenna
Growth of 0.6% was recorded in June. An increase of 4.8% is expected in July.
OsserMare presents five reports on the marine economy
Rome
They focus on a specific sector supply chain or aspect of it
Port of Naples: Road haulage operations resume
Naples
Resolution meeting between institutions, operators and trade associations
ICTSI again reports record quarterly financial and operating results
Manila
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