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21 November 2025 - Year XXIX
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
13:26 GMT+1
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FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics

B)I TRAFFICI MARITTIMI
B1 L'EVOLUZIONE DEI TRAFFICI MARITTIMI
Le principali merceologie
Una previsione
B2 I TRAFFICI PETROLIFERI
Gas naturale liquefatto
B3LE RINFUSE SOLIDE
I minerali di ferro
Il carbone
I cereali
B4 I TRAFFICI CONTAINER
B5 CROCIERE
B6 TRAGHETTI E CABOTAGGIO
B7 I TRASPORTI MARITTIMI IN ITALIA


B3 LE RINFUSE SOLIDE

I traffici rinfuse seguono logiche differenti dai traffici di linea, contenitori in particolare, e sono principalmente legati alla situazione contingente delle singole tipologie di prodotto da trasportare, sia esso carbone, minerale di ferro o cereali.

Il trasporto rinfuse non è legato alle rotte commerciali, ma al prodotto ed ai suoi paesi di origine; la domanda è oscillante in base al mercato del prodotto specifico ed è molto influenzata da fattori geo-politici.

La struttura del settore è più tradizionale, in quanto di solito il vettore è responsabile esclusivamente del trasporto via mare e di rado esistono, su vasta scala, operatori privati che gestiscono terminal bulk in conto terzi: la gestione dei terminal ed il trasporto via terra vengono spesso oggi organizzati direttamente dal cliente proprietario del carico.

Le strutture portuali per lo sbarco ed imbarco di carbone e rottame ferroso sono di norma di proprietà od in gestione alle centrali elettriche od alle industrie connesse alla produzione dell'acciaio destinatarie del carico, e così è anche per alcune strutture di trasporto tipo nastri trasportatori od impianti funiviari. In alcuni casi i terminal si trovano direttamente nell'area degli impianti di provenienza o destinazione del carico (ovvero all'interno od in prossimità di acciaierie, centrali, siti estrattivi).

In questo settore, a differenza di quanto accade per i trasporti containerizzati, non esiste una filosofia distributiva tipo "hub" attraverso centri di smistamento, se non in quei paesi in via di sviluppo ove le infrastrutture portuali non consentono l'ormeggio delle grandi navi bulkcarrier e quindi le operazioni di imbarco e sbarco devono avvenire mediante servizi di spola eseguiti di norma con chiatte di minori dimensioni.

Anche i processi di concentrazione che si stanno evidenziando per gli operatori di linea, in questo campo sono meno accentuati. Secondo l'OCSE ("Maritime Transport") mentre i 18 maggiori vettori intermodali controllano il 50% della capacità mondiale di trasporto container, i 50 maggiori proprietari di navi cisterna controllano poco meno della metà della flotta mondiale ed i 50 maggiori trasportatori di rinfuse secche rappresentano circa un terzo della flotta.

In generale nel 1996 i volumi trasportati via mare di carichi secchi alla rinfusa si sono mantenuti stabili, dopo i forti aumenti registrati nel 1994 e 1995.

Nella prima metà dell'anno si è rilevata una diminuzione dei trasporti delle materie prime connesse al ciclo dell'acciaio (in particolar modo se si confrontano i dati con le buone performance dell'anno precedente) a seguito di una minore domanda per un calo della produzione industriale; tali bassi valori sono stati comunque mitigati dall'andamento soddisfacente della seconda metà dell'anno.

Anche il trasposto di grano ha registrato una lieve contrazione a seguito di un peggioramento dei raccolti americani. E' invece aumentato il trasporto di carbone per impieghi energetici.

Dal punto di vista dei noli il 1996 non verrà sicuramente ricordato come un anno di particolari soddisfazioni per gli armatori: infatti dopo alcuni anni di crescita le rate sono scese a valori analoghi a quelli degli anni ottanta.

La crescita dell'offerta (in termini di tonnellate di capienza è previsto un aumento del 3,3 % nel 1997) che ha ridotto i noli, insieme ai crescenti oneri che il settore armatoriale si trova ad affrontare, porteranno ad ulteriori riduzioni dei profitti nel settore.

Anche in questo settore si registra un aumento della competizione e della complessità del mercato:

gli importatori tendono a garantirsi la sicurezza delle forniture utilizzando una varietà di fonti,

gli armatori hanno l'esigenza di limitare i viaggi a vuoto e cercano di programmare rotte concatenate o triangolazioni, sfruttando le diverse possibilità di carico, per minimizzare i costi,

le oscillazioni della domanda non sono facilmente prevedibili e sono legate a fenomeni congiunturali e geo-politici.

Inoltre, per concludere l'analisi del settore, è necessario menzionare anche un aspetto tecnico: recentemente l'International Association of Classification Society (IACS) ha dichiarato che, per venire incontro a nuovi standard di sicurezza richiesti dall'IMO, tutte le bulk carrier più lunghe di 150 metri e con più di 15 anni di età dovranno soddisfare nuovi standard di sicurezza per quanto riguarda le paratie e la corrosione nei doppi fondi (standard in funzione della densità del carico e della tipologia di carico delle stive).

L'analisi del settore compiuta dall'IACS ha come conclusione che la maggior parte delle 4.200 bulk carrier di più di 150 metri in circolazione dovrà subire sostanziali lavori di modifica/rafforzamento entro i prossimi cinque anni se vorrà restare in servizio e continuare a trasportare anche carichi ad alte densità, con un incremento dei costi per gli armatori tale da poter causare variazioni rilevabili dal mercato.

I minerali di ferro

I minerali di ferro sembravano negli anni '80 aver raggiunto un notevole grado di maturità, con i traffici stabilizzati intorno ai 300 milioni di tonnellate annue. Invece negli anni '94 e '95, grazie alla ripresa della produzione siderurgica internazionale (compresa quella europea), si è assistito ad un incremento di tali traffici superiore alle attese, che ha portato il movimento di minerale di ferro ai 400 milioni di tonnellate annue.

Nel 1996 i primi dati, in contro tendenza rispetto alle previsioni dell'Ocean Shipping Consultants riportate nel grafico, parlano di una contrazione dei traffici in seguito al calo nella produzione di acciaio verificatosi soprattutto in Europa ed in Giappone.

Le previsioni fino al 2000 dell'OSC parlano di una tendenziale stabilità intorno ai valori odierni, con una flessione legata al ciclo dell'acciaio, che dovrebbe raggiungere il valore minimo intorno al 1998.


TRAFFICI MONDIALI DI MINERALE DI FERRO

(milioni di tonnellate)

Fonte Ocean Shipping Consultants

Per il minerale di ferro le zone di origine sono l'America del Sud (36% dei traffici), l'Australia (31%) e l'Asia (9%).

Le aree di destinazione sono principalmente il Giappone e gli altri paesi dell'Estremo Oriente (rispettivamente 28% e 22% dei traffici), seguiti dal Nord Europa (25%) e dagli altri paesi europei (10% tra Mediterraneo e altri paesi).

Le tre rotte principali, che coprono quasi il 60% dei traffici, sono quelle che vanno dall'Australia al Giappone e agli altri paesi dell'Estremo Oriente (26%), dall'America del Sud al Giappone e Estremo Oriente (17%) e dall'America del Sud all'Europa (16%).

MINERALI DI FERRO
Porti di imbarco
Porti di sbarco
Sud America 153 36% Giappone 120 28%
Australia 133 31% Estremo Oriente 92 22%
Asia 37 9% Mare del Nord 107 25%
Nord America 26 6% Mediterraneo 22 5%
Africa 34 8% Altri Europa 22 5%
Scandinavia 16 4% USA 15 4%
altri 3 1% altri 24 6%
Totale 402 100% Totale 402 100%

MINERALI DI FERRO - PRINCIPALI AREE DI ORIGINE E DESTINAZIONE

Fonte: Fearnleys, Confitarma

Il carbone

Il carbone ha proseguito il trend di crescita che già aveva caratterizzato gli anni '80. I traffici di carbone sono passati dai 188 milioni di tonnellate nel 1980 agli oltre 400 milioni di tonnellate nel 1995.

Per il 60% circa essi sono costituiti da carbone per impieghi energetici e per il restante 40% da carbone per cokeria.

Il carbone per gli impieghi energetici mostra i trend di crescita più consistenti: le stime di Ocean Shipping Consultants mostrano una previsione di crescita del 28% entro il 2000.


TRAFFICI MONDIALI DI CARBONE

(milioni di tonnellate)

Fonte Ocean Shipping Consultants

Per il carbone le zone di origine sono l'Australia (32% dei traffici), il Nord America (25%) ed il Sud Africa (14%).

Le aree di assorbimento, analogamente a quanto visto per il minerale di ferro, sono principalmente il Giappone e gli altri paesi dell'Estremo Oriente (rispettivamente 30% e 22% dei traffici), seguiti dal Nord Europa (17%) e dagli altri paesi europei (18% tra Mediterraneo e altri paesi).

In conseguenza di ciò le rotte principali sono quelle fra Australia e Giappone e altri paesi dell'Estremo Oriente (25%), fra Nord America ed Estremo Oriente (10%), fra Nord America ed Europa (9%), fra Sud Africa ed Europa (8%) ed infine fra Australia ed Europa (6%).

CARBONE
Porti di imbarco
Porti di sbarco
Australia 137 32% Giappone 127 30%
Nord America 104 25% Estremo Oriente 94 22%
Sud Africa 61 14% Mare del Nord 71 17%
Sud America 23 5% Mediterraneo 25 6%
Cina 29 7% Altri Europa 50 12%
Europa Orientale 16 4% Sud America 21 5%
Russia 15 4%    
altri 38 9% altri 35 8%
Totale 423 100% Totale 423 100%

CARBONE - PRINCIPALI AREE DI ORIGINE E DESTINAZIONE

Fonte: Fearnleys, Confitarma

I cereali

I cereali sono cresciuti nel corso degli anni '60 e '70, ma a partire dagli anni '80 hanno mantenuto una sostanziale stabilità intorno a 200 milioni di tonnellate annue trasportate. Ciò è probabilmente dovuto, secondo le considerazioni sviluppate da più parti, al raggiungimento dell'autosufficienza alimentare da parte di alcune tradizionali aree di assorbimento (o quantomeno al ridimensionamento del deficit).

Anche se nel 1996 non si è ancora ritornati ai livelli ante 93, l'Ocean Shipping Consultants prevede una leggera crescita da qui al 2000, nell'ordine del 5-7%.


TRAFFICI MONDIALI DI CEREALI

(milioni di tonnellate)

Fonte: Ocean Shipping Consultants

Per i cereali i principali produttori sono di gran lunga gli Stati Uniti, che da soli danno origine al 63% dei traffici mondiali, seguiti da Canada e Sud America con il 10%.

Le aree di destinazione sono più frazionate. Prevalgono i paesi dell'Estremo Oriente ed il Giappone (rispettivamente con il 29% ed il 16%) seguiti dall'America Latina (15%), dall'Africa (13%) e dall'area dell'Oceano Indiano (8%).

CEREALI
Porti di imbarco
Porti di sbarco
USA 124 63% Estremo Oriente 57 29%
Canada 19 10% Giappone 31 16%
Sud America 19 10% Americhe 29 15%
Australia 8 4% Africa 26 13%
   Europa Orientale 3 2%
   Oceano Indiano 15 8%
   Mare del Nord 13 7%
   Mediterraneo 13 7%
altri 26 13% altri 9 5%
Totale 196 100% Totale 196 100%

CEREALI - PRINCIPALI AREE DI ORIGINE E DESTINAZIONE

Fonte: Fearnleys, Confitarma

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AD Ports to acquire 20% stake in Latakia International Container Terminal
Abu Dhabi
Agreement with the CMA CGM shipping group
The Eastern Liguria Port Authority approves the 2026 budget and three-year plan.
La Spezia
The decree has been signed to begin construction on the new high-voltage electricity grid in the port of La Spezia.
A new SDC Customs Service Containers warehouse has opened in Porto Marghera.
Venice
It will be used for the storage and movement of goods at room temperature
Moby is selling five ferries at a starting price of €229.9 million.
Vicenza
Sale and lease-back agreement expected for two of the vessels
d'Amico International Shipping's quarterly financial results decline
Luxembourg
Mottola Crossbow: The fundamentals of the tanker industry remain solid.
ICTSI posts record quarterly financial and operating performance
Manila
In the period July-September, container traffic in the group's terminals grew by +12.3%
Denmark's DFDS to cut 400 jobs
Copenhagen
The group is looking for a new CEO. Record revenues were recorded in the July-September quarter.
CEVA Logistics has completed the acquisition of Turkey's Borusan Logistics.
Marseille
Operation worth 383 million dollars
1,100 cars from the Chinese car manufacturer Dongfeng were unloaded in the port of Livorno
Livorno
Traffic is managed through the "Il Faldo" logistics area operated by XCA
Assiterminal, the MIT note clarifies that the 90-minute grace period applies only to waiting times
Rome/Genoa
Ferrari: The Conference of Port Authority Presidents could consider a sort of national program agreement.
Harren assigns a single brand to its heavy lift companies
Bremen
The fleet of 80 vessels will be operated under the single SAL brand.
Wallenius Wilhelmsen's revenues fell by 2% in the third quarter.
Lysaker
Net profit was $280 million (+8%)
ESPO has presented its new annual environmental report
Brussels
Climate change remains the top priority for European ports to address
Over €60 million from the PNRR for the ports of Naples and Salerno
Rome
Rixi: Let's make more effective use of European resources and accelerate the implementation of strategic projects.
Agreement between Escola Europea and DLTM to promote international mobility and maritime training
La Spezia
Synergies between the Ligurian maritime cluster and the port and training community of Barcelona
UPS has completed its acquisition of Canada's Andlauer Healthcare Group.
Atlanta/Toronto
Operation worth 1.6 billion dollars
CMA CGM to register ten new 24,212 TEU containerships in the French International Register
Marseille/Copenhagen
The company will take delivery of them starting from 2026
The National Maritime Fund has organised a meeting with the ITS Mare and the maritime training centres
Rome
It will be held on December 3rd in Rome
Two MSC Cruises Musica-class cruise ships undergoing refurbishment in Malta
Geneva
Work at Palumbo Malta Shipyard includes the construction of new suites
Increase in freight traffic in Tuscan ports over the past six months
Livorno
In the first six months of 2025, growth of +2.0% was recorded in Livorno and +4.9% in Piombino
Kalmar closes the third quarter with higher financial results and lower orders
Helsinki
The contribution of the services segment offset the lower performance of equipment sales
COSCO Strengthens Its Bulk Fleet with Orders for 29 Vessels
Shanghai
Orders worth a total of over $1.7 billion for 23 bulk carriers and six VLCCs
Tito Vespasiani has been appointed Secretary General of the Western Ligurian Sea Port Authority.
Genoa
The 2026 budget and the 2026-2028 three-year operational plan were approved.
Assiterminal: Technical roundtable on cruise tourism is a success.
Genoa
An important step - Cognolato highlighted - to enhance the territories and promote an integrated vision of the sector.
Fincantieri signs agreement to develop Saudi Arabia's maritime ecosystem
Trieste
It was signed with the Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources of Riyadh
Yang Ming Signs Contracts for Six New 8,000 TEU Container Ships
Keelung
They will be delivered from 2028 and will replace 5,500 TEU ships
Rijeka Gateway Terminal officially opened
River
It is operated by the joint venture between APM Terminals and Enna Logic
New historical records for quarterly traffic of goods and passengers in Albanian ports
Tirana
2.25 million tons of cargo (+16.7%) and 1.01 million people (+6.4%) moved
The Management Committee of the Southern Adriatic Port Authority takes shape
Bari
The designations of some local administrations are still missing
The Senate's VIII Commission approved the appointment of eight Port System Authority presidents.
Rome
Parliamentary process completed
Carole Montarsolo has been appointed general manager of GNV Morocco
Genoa
Know-how from over ten years of relationships and direct presence in the area
The concession term for Metal Carpenteria in the port of Crotone has been extended.
Gioia Tauro
The deadline has been extended to November 14, 2033
In the period July-September, freight traffic in Tunisian ports grew by +5.4%
La Goulette
Cruise passengers decreased by -10.5%
Wärstilä Corporation closed the third quarter with sales of over 1.6 billion euros (-5.0%)
Helsinki
UPS's latest quarterly financial performance declines
Atlanta
Revenues down by -3.7%
Götz Becker appointed chairman of Interferry
Victoria
The president is Supapan Pichaironarongsongkram, who takes over from Guido Grimaldi
Accelleron and LAB021 partner to develop digital solutions to improve fleet operational efficiency.
The 2026 budget forecast for the Sardinian Sea Port Authority has been approved.
Cagliari
Among the objectives, the strengthening of operational infrastructures on land and dredging
Conference on the culture of prevention in the Italian logistics supply chain
Rome
Organized by Sanilog, it will be held on November 13th in Rome
The PCTC Grande Melbourne was christened and delivered to the Grimaldi Group in China.
Naples
It has a capacity of 9,241 CEUs
A new record in cruise traffic is expected in Italian ports in 2026
Catania
In Catania, Risposte Turismo presented the new edition of the "Italian Cruise Watch" report.
Fincantieri launches the first integrated underwater drone system
Trieste
Tested at the Naval Support and Experimentation Center in La Spezia
Quarterly freight traffic growth at the port of Barcelona. Declining in Algeciras.
Barcelona/Algeciras
In the period July-September, percentage variations of +1.8% and -4.1% respectively were recorded
Filt Cgil: The method adopted to define the port reform is unacceptable.
Rome
The union denounces the lack of involvement of workers' representatives and the lack of prior consultation.
General Assembly of Logistics: Northwest Alliance Renewed
Turin
Liguria, Lombardy, and Piedmont Regions, MIT, RFI, and Ferrovienord Sign Agreement
Konecranes reports quarterly revenue decline while orders rise.
Helsinki
In the period July-September, orders acquired for 1.15 billion euros (+20.1%)
GNV has taken delivery of the new ro-pax GNV Virgo in China
Genoa
It is the first ship powered by liquefied natural gas in the company's fleet.
A new maritime service for rolling stock to North Africa is underway at the Vado Ligure Reefer Terminal.
Vado Ligure
Connection with the Libyan port of Misurata
Grimaldi and China Merchants Shenzhen RoRo Shipping sign cooperation agreement
Naples
Expected to offer greater capacity and a broader and more efficient service network to support Chinese exports
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
The UNIPORT public meeting will be held in Rome on November 19th.
Rome
Among the topics at the centre of the meeting was the port system reform project.
The National Maritime Fund has organised a meeting with the ITS Mare and the maritime training centres
Rome
It will be held on December 3rd in Rome
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Three UAE Firms Eye Investment In Kenya's Port, Renewable Energy, And Shipping Projects
(Capital FM Kenya)
Foreign firms to operate 3 terminals under Ctg Port for up to 30 years; deals by December
(The Business Standard)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
The 2026 budget forecast and the POT of the Port System Authority of the Southern Tyrrhenian and Ionian Seas have been adopted.
Gioia Tauro
Piacenza: Cold ironing is also important to avoid having to face significant fines.
The Port of La Spezia has completed its first cold ironing tests at Molo Garibaldi.
La Spezia
The transformation cabin at the dock has been connected to the cruise ship "MSC Seaview"
Global Ports Holding has signed a contract to manage the Casablanca cruise terminal.
Istanbul
15-year agreement with option for a 20-year extension
A conference on e-commerce returns at LIUC
Castellanza
In the fashion sector they represent over 30% of online orders in Europe
Australian Scott McKay is the new president of the International Cargo Handling Association.
London
He took over from John Beckett
Fincantieri and Defcomm sign agreement for the development of surface drones.
Trieste
Co-investment to accelerate its industrialization
Container traffic in the port of Valencia fell by 11.6% in September.
Valencia
In the third quarter of 2025, overall freight traffic decreased by -3.2%
Container traffic at the Port of Long Beach increased by 0.7% in the third quarter.
Long Beach
Empty spaces are rising. Full capacity at boarding and disembarking is down 1.0% and 8.5% respectively.
Piacenza: The port of Gioia Tauro aims to handle seven million containers by 2029.
Genoa
Transhipment - he underlined - represents an essential gateway for international goods into the national market.
Arkas Line's new direct service connects the Eastern Mediterranean and Italy with West Africa.
Izmir
It will be held on a weekly basis
Assocostieri urges revitalization of the national bunkering sector
Genoa
Among the proposals, making it possible to use barges as floating storage facilities for alternative fuels
The Ministry of Transport has requested an agreement for Consalvo to become president of the Eastern Adriatic Port Authority.
Rome/Trieste
Fedriga: The Friuli Venezia Giulia Region will express its agreement
Federmar-Cisal proposes a new distribution of the tonnage tax benefits
Rome
Pico: For maritime personnel, financial recognition is not always proportionate to the essential role they play
P&O Maritime Logistics completes acquisition of controlling stake in NovaAlgoma Cement Carriers
Lugano
Obtained the necessary regulatory approvals
Fatal accident in the port of Ravenna
Ravenna
A 67-year-old truck driver lost his life at the Sapir terminal.
A Norwegian delegation visits the Northern Tyrrhenian Port Authority
Livorno
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