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24 April 2024 - Year XXVIII
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XX - Number 5/2002 - MAY 2002

Legislazione

La Corte di Prima Istanza dell'U.E si pronuncia in senso sfavorevole alle conferenze

Con una serie di dirompenti decisioni avverse alle conferenze di trasporto marittimo di linea in Europa prese alla fine dello scorso mese di febbraio, la Corte di Prima Istanza dell'Unione Europea ha infine stabilito che:

ai membri delle conferenze non è consentito di offrire tariffe comuni di trasporto terrestre nell'ambito dell'Unione Europea;

l'immunità anti-trust relativa al trasporto terrestre ricade sotto il regolamento 1017 e non sotto il 4056. Pertanto, la Commissione Europea era pienamente legittimata a revocare nel 1997 l'immunità inerente alle sanzioni comminate ai membri del TACA (Accordo Conferenza Trans-Atlantica), in attesa della discussione dell'appello da loro presentato avverso la Commissione Europea;

le conferenze devono avere solamente una tariffa pubblica di trasporto merci, mentre il doppio prezzo a seconda delle diverse categorie di partecipazione non è consentito;

la gestione della capacità da parte dei vettori non è accettabile per le navi già in servizio.

Queste decisioni sono state prese nel contesto di tre diversi casi che hanno coinvolto il TAA, il TACA e la FEFC (Conferenza Trasporto merci Estremo Oriente) e che risalgono a reclami presentati in origine dallo ESC (Consiglio dei Caricatori Europei) nel 1994. Anche se i vettori coinvolti nella vicenda hanno il diritto di appellarsi contro tutte queste decisioni in punto di diritto - un processo che potrebbe richiedere sino a due anni di tempo - resta da vedere se qualcuno di loro sceglierà di farlo davvero.

Matthew Levitt, un legale che lavora per la Lovells, che rappresenta il TAA ed il TACA, commenta: "Senza dubbio, le linee di navigazione adesso hanno bisogno di digerire tutto ciò che stato sancito dalla Corte di Prima Istanza e solamente una volta fatto ciò esse saranno in condizione di fare commenti al riguardo. Anche se vi sono poche implicazioni pratiche inerenti alle modalità con cui i vettori ora lavorano, essi devono tenere in considerazione la minaccia di sanzioni da parte della Commissione Europea in ordine a prassi di trasporto terrestre che non sono più in atto". La Commissione Europea deve ancora esprimersi sulla questione.

Una interessante caratteristica di questi giudizi consiste nel fatto che la Corte di Prima Istanza, anche se senza dubbio si è espressa a sfavore dei vettori appartenenti a conferenze coinvolti nella vicenda, non ha colto l'opportunità per prendere posizione su un certo numero di altre questioni che avrebbero potuto essere assai più istruttive. Ad esempio, riguardo alla gestione della capacità, si è limitata a stabilire solamente che i vettori non avrebbero potuto rifiutarsi di offrire spazio di carico ai caricatori in ordine alle navi già in servizio nei traffici.

Niente è stato poi detto circa la "regolamentazione della capacità" che determina il modo in cui la capacità può essere ritirata dalle conferenze attraverso la dismissione di intere navi. L'interpretazione autentica della Commissione Europea su tale argomento è che la regolamentazione della capacità da parte delle conferenze (e non dei vettori) è consentita solo allo scopo di far fronte a problemi stagionali. Ha dichiarato Levitt: "Ciò significa che se il TACA volesse nuovamente ritirare il 5% circa della propria capacità alla fine dell'anno al fine di ovviare ad una mancanza stagionale di carichi, come ha fatto lo scorso anno, dovrebbe prima chiedere l'autorizzazione a farlo".

Secondo la Lovells, non è stato detto nulla neanche in ordine al significato di "stabilità" allorquando si determina se le conferenze rappresenteranno ancora un fattore utile per i caricatori. La decisione relativa al caso del TACA ha riconosciuto che "le conferenze di linea hanno un effetto stabilizzatore, assicurando ai caricatori servizi affidabili e, perciò, si prevede per loro l'esenzione in blocco come sancito nei paragrafi 261, 262 e 331". Lo ESC persiste nell'affermare che, dato che le conferenze non riescono ad assicurare la stabilità dei prezzi, non dovrebbero più vedersi attribuire la speciale immunità anti-trust inerente alla fissazione dei prezzi.

Il punto in questione è importante poiché la Commissione Europea ha recentemente dichiarato che intende rivedere il Regolamento 4056, che descrive nei particolari i termini di tale immunità. La Commissione Europea, presumibilmente, si sarà aspettata un qualche incoraggiamento da parte della Corte di Prima Istanza al riguardo. Anche perché il regolamento era stato imposto alla Commissione Europea dal Consiglio dei Ministri dei Trasporti dell'Unione Europea, anziché seguire in precedenza le normali procedure di consultazione da parte della Commissione Europea.

C'è, poi, un solo passaggio di sfuggita alla regola "non sotto costo" inclusa nell'accordo sulle conferenze TACA II rivisto e recentemente approvato dalla Commissione Europea, ma respinto dallo ESC. Ai sensi di questa regola, i membri della conferenza TACA possono offrire tariffe di trasporto terrestre distinte, ma solo se sono basate almeno sul recupero dei costi. In altre parole, sebbene le tariffe di trasporto terrestre comuni siano bandite, i membri delle conferenze ancora non possono ritagliarsi a proprio piacimento la tratta terrestre.

Commenta Levitt: "Anche se la Corte non era obbligata a decidere su questo argomento, i paragrafi 387, 399 e 400 del caso FEFC dicono ancora un sacco di cose che possono aiutare a comprendere la questione". La decisione suggerisce che la corte potrebbe decidere in senso avverso all'appello presentato dallo ESC. Detto ciò, resta da vedere se qualche altra conferenza sceglierà di seguire la formula concordata nel TACA II.

Rod Riseborough, direttore generale dell'ufficio di segreteria della FEFC, commenta: "Fino a quando non avremo esaminato nei particolari tutte quante le decisioni della corte, non possiamo esprimere commenti su nessuno dei singoli punti come quello in discorso, ma ciò che è sicuro è che al riguardo non sembra esserci nulla che possa comportare immediate conseguenze sul modo in cui oggi lavoriamo. Alla FEFC abbiamo abbandonato le tariffe comuni di trasporto terrestre già da qualche anno ed i nostri membri stanno adesso implementando i propri programmi di gestione (regolamentazione) della capacità, sia ciascuno per conto proprio che nell'ambito dei propri consorzi".

Tuttavia, la FEFC potrà continuare a fissare tariffe comuni di trasporto terrestre al di fuori dell'Unione Europea, dato che la giurisdizione della Corte di Prima Istanza è limitata solo a quest'area.

Riassumendo le opinioni dello ESC in ordine ai casi discussi subito dopo l'annuncio da parte della Corte di Prima Istanza, il suo dirigente addetto alle politiche, Nicolette van der Jagt, ha dichiarato: "Questo è un gran giorno per i caricatori e conferma le nostre preoccupazioni che da tempo avevamo in relazione alle prassi dei cartelli di linea. Ora abbiamo bisogno di gettarci il passato alle spalle e di passare a nuove forme di relazioni in cui vettori e caricatori possano lavorare insieme per promuovere catene dell'offerta marittima efficienti e competitive".

Anche se tutto ciò potrebbe far pensare che lo ESC sia felice di seppellire l'ascia di guerra, non si dovrebbe dimenticare che l'organizzazione sta ancora esercitando una forte azione di lobbying finalizzata al completo ritiro di qualsivoglia immunità in ordine alla fissazione dei prezzi per il trasporto di merci e che non ha ancora ritirato il proprio appello alla Corte di Prima Istanza avverso la regola "non sotto costo" per il trasporto terrestre concordata nel TACA II.
(da: Containerisation International, Aprile 2002)


FROM THE HOME PAGE
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Last year the number of port workers in Livorno and Piombino decreased by 46 units by falling to 1,767, of which 1,499 were operating (1,632 in 2022) and 268 administrative (181)
The MSC Group presents an offer to buy the Gram Car Carriers, the world's third largest carrier in the PCTC segment
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At the construction site Fincantieri in Marghera the varo of the Norwegian cruise ship Norwegian Aqua
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Paolo Guidi has been named general manager of CMA CGM Italy
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Marseille
The first May will take over in Romain Vigneaux
HHLA will acquire 51% of the capital of Austrian intermodal transport company Roland Spedition
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Hamburg
Its network connects ports in Hamburg, Antwerp, Bremerhaven, Koper, Rotterdam and Trieste.
Kuehne + Nagel's downward trend in economic performance continues.
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Schindellegi
In growth the handling of volumes of sea and air shipments
ESPO points out issues to be addressed in order to enable European ports to face the next challenges
Brussels
Memorandum in view of the European elections in June
The Port of Barcelona has established new historical records of monthly and quarterly container traffic
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Monfalcone
Concordate with Princess Cruises the postponement of the delivery of the Star Princess
Le Aziende informano
Protocollo d'intesa tra l'Autorità di Sistema Portuale del Mare di Sicilia Occidentale e l'Escola Europea di Intermodal Transport
International shipping associations call for help at U.N. to protect shipping
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Solicited a greater military presence, missions and patrols. The world-they write in a letter to Guterres-would be outraged if four airliners were seized.
In February, shipping traffic in the Suez Canal declined by -42.8% percent.
In February, shipping traffic in the Suez Canal declined by -42.8% percent.
The Cairo
Net tonnage of the naviglio down -59.8% percent. Drastic reduction of -53% of the value of transit fees
The World Shipping Council points to the EU the way to support the economy and trade
In Norway, the construction of the world's two largest hydrogen-powered ferries
In Norway, the construction of the world's two largest hydrogen-powered ferries
Brønnøysund / Gursken
Order of Torghatten company at the shipyard Myklebust
The freight traffic in the port of Rotterdam in the first quarter was down by -1.4% percent.  Increase of containers
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Rotterdam
Strong increase (+ 29.0%) of feeder ships departing from the Dutch stopover to the Mediterranean ports
In the first three months of 2024, freight traffic in Russian ports fell by -3.3% percent.
St. Petersburg
Drastic reduction of passenger traffic in the Crimean port scans
In the first three months of 2024, freight traffic in Russian ports fell by -3.3% percent.
Tytgat (SEA Europe) : A European maritime industrial strategy is urgently needed
Brussels
Round table with representatives of the institutions of the European Union
Joe Kramek will be the next president and CEO of the World Shipping Council
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In the first quarter of this year the traffic of goods in the port of Antwerp-Zeebrugge grew by 2.4%
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Anverse
On the increase the containers. Decrease in other loads. Belgian, Dutch and German ports urge European governments to ensure that industries remain in Europe
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Orange County / Seoul
Envisage the design, development and production of new types of autonomous naval systems
d' Friend International Shipping orders two new tankers LR1
Luxembourg
Commits to China's shipyard Jiangsu New Yangzi Shipbuilding Co.
Global Infrastructure Partners waives to acquire 49% percent of Malaysian MMC Port Holdings
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CMA CGM Air Cargo announces its first transpacific line
Marseille
Three aircraft will be taken over between summer and early next year.
In 2023 new annual historical record of maritime traffic in the Stories of Malacca and Singapore
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Expected 63% increments of the volumes transportable from container carriers and 95% in the bulk carrier sector
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The overall traffic in goods increased by 7.6%
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The French Senate has approved a bill to limit the right to strike in transport
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Recrudescence of Somali piracy
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Grimaldi has taken delivery of the multipurpose ro-ro Great Abidjan
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Approved the consuntive budget 2023 of the AdSP of the Sardinia Sea
Cagliari
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It will be renamed with the name of "Grenching Futura"
Grimaldi consolidates its presence in China with new headquarters in Shanghai
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Inaugurates the offices of the Grimaldi Shipping Agency Shanghai
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Genoa
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First plant for the distribution of LNG and GNC to vehicles in the port of La Spezia
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It has been installed in Stagnoni locations
Agreement between MSC, MSC Foundation and Mercy Ships for the construction of a new hospital ship
Geneva / Lindale
Tomorrow in Livorno a conference on the history of the city port
Livorno
It will be talked about architecture, trade and politics between the XVI and the twentieth century
Agreement Assshipowners-ITS Academy G. Caboto for training in the maritime, port and logistics sectors
Rome
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
In the first quarter of 2024, the port of Algeciras handled 1.2 million containers (+ 8.1%)
Algeciras
The traffic in overall goods increased by 3.3%
In the first three months of this year in Valencia, container port traffic grew by 12.1% percent.
Valencia
In March, the increase was 15.7% percent.
The Spezia and Carrara try to break down the bell towers and solicit cooperation at the ports of Genoa and Savona
The Spezia
Switzerland and Switzerland cut trade between Italy and Switzerland.
Bern
In the first three months of the 2024 decline in Swiss exports. Stable imports
Port of Naples, striking of the fast ferry Island of Procida against a quay
Naples
About thirty minor injuries among passengers
Summoned for April 23 a meeting at MIT on former TCT port workers
Taranto
The unions had requested clarification on the future of the 330 members of the Taranto Port Workers Agency.
The outer Levant dock of the Arbatax port has returned fully operational
Cagliari
In August 2020 he had been shouted by the ferry "Bithia"
The Port of Los Angeles closed the first quarter with a 29.6% percent growth in container traffic
Los Angeles
Expected a continuation of the positive trend
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Zurich
The new orders are down -5.0% percent. At the end of July Rosengren will leave the CEO position in Wierod
The crisis of the Cooperative Sole Workers of Porto Flavio Gioia officialized at institutions and trade unions
Salerno
USB Mare and Porti, what's going on in the port of Salerno is the result of pressure from shipowners
Euronav sells its own ship management company to Anglo-Eastern
Antwerp / Hong Kong
Manages the fleet of tanker ships of the Antwerp company
Genoa Shipbuilding Industries has acquired a submersible barge of the cargo capacity of 14,000 tonnes
Genoa
It can also be employed as a floating basin for the varo of artifacts up to 9,800 tons
Venice Cold Stores & Logistics obtains the qualification of tax warehouse for wines and sparkling
Venice
Extension of the services offered to companies in the wine sector
Gasparate urges to exempt property of interports from payment of the Imu
Nola
President of the Union Interports Reunited warned that with the PNRR construction sites the railway intermodality is at risk
Hapag-Lloyd plans future investments to expand business in the terminal and intermode sectors
Hamburg
Among the markets, the company focuses attention on Africa, India, Southeast Asia and the Pacific
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Vancouver
It is formed by nine companies and entities and is open to other partners
In the first quarter of this year, container traffic in the port of Long Beach increased by 16.4%
Long Beach
In March, the increase was 8.3% percent.
Delivery of the work of consolidation of the foranea dam of the port of Catania
Catania
Procurement of the value of 75 million euros
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Tomorrow in Livorno a conference on the history of the city port
Livorno
It will be talked about architecture, trade and politics between the XVI and the twentieth century
On April 11, the sixth edition of the "Italian Port Days" will begin.
Rome
Also this year the project has been divided into two sessions : the first in the spring and the second from September 20 to October 20
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Iran says MSC Aries vessel seized for 'violating maritime laws'
(Reuters)
Le transport maritime national navigue à vue
(Aujourd'hui Le Maroc)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Relazione del presidente Mario Mattioli
Roma, 27 ottobre 2023
››› File
Plan to improve in Genoa and Savona the rail links with cruise terminals and airport
Genoa
It was presented today in the Ligurian capital
From 10 to May 12 at Spezia will be held "DePortibus-The festival of ports that connect the world"
The Spezia
The programme provides for technical events and cultural proposals
Three new STS cranes have arrived in the Kenyan port of Lamu.
Mombasa
They will be able to work on container ships of the capacity of over 18mila teu
One hundred new IVECO trucks powered by HVO in the Smet fleet
Turin
They will be taken over in the course of this year
In the first three months of this year, goods transported by rail between China and Europe increased by 10% percent.
Beijing
Operated 4,541 trains (+ 9%)
In the first quarter of 2024, container traffic in the port of Hong Kong fell by -2.3%
Hong Kong
In March, the decline was -10.6% percent.
The regasification terminal FSRU Toscana left Livorno direct to Genoa
Livorno
In the Ligurian scalp and then in Marseille maintenance interventions will be carried out
Confirmed to Tugchiers Meeting Port of Genoa the granting of trailer services in the port of Genoa
Genoa
Planned investment of 35 million euros to renovate fleet
In the first quarter of 2024, OOIL revenues decreased by -9.0%
Hong Kong
Containers carried by the OOCL fleet increased by 3.4%
Mattioli (Federation of the Sea) relaunches the propulsive role of maritime clusters
Rome
Today, the National Sea Day and the marinara culture are celebrated
In the first quarter of 2024, the revenues of Yang Ming and WHL grew by 18.5% and 8.1%
Keelung / Taipei
In March the increments were equal to 20.3% and 8.6%
In 2023 the freight traffic handled by the State Railways Group fell by -2.0%
Rome
The Logistics Pole posted a net loss of -80 million euros, up 63 million euros.
Port of Genoa, inaugurated new rooms of Stella Maris at Maritime stations
Genoa
They are intended for the welfare and socialization of seafarers in transit in the Superba
Germany's Dachser has acquired the compatriate Brummer Logistik
Kempten
The company specializes in the logistics of perishable products
In the first quarter of 2024, Evergreen's revenues increased by 32.6% percent.
Taipei
In March, the increase was 36.5% percent.
Cooperation pact between the associations of the ports and ferry companies of Greece
The Piraeus
Among the activities, make sure that port benches are adequate for new naval technologies
In 2023 the traffic in goods at ports in Lazio fell by -5.7% percent. Record of cruises
Cyvitavecchia
Passenger of line services growing by 10.0%
RINA will collaborate on the sustainable development of ports and shipping of Indonesia
Genoa
Contract with the World Bank
In Udine the Officine Rotable Maintenance of FVG Rail has been equipped with a lawn back in fossa
Procedure
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