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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVIII - Number 4/2000 - APRIL 2000

Logistics

La logistica delle Olimpiadi 2000 a Sydney: un circo a cinque cerchi?

Il trasporto rappresenta una questione di fondamentale importanza per le Olimpiadi di Sidney. Dopo quello che è stato universalmente giudicato il disastro del trasporto pubblico in occasione delle Olimpiadi di Atlanta del 1996, il potentissimo CIO (Comitato Internazionale Olimpico) ha messo sotto pressione al riguardo sin dal primo giorno il SOCOG (Comitato organizzativo per i Giochi Olimpici di Sydney).

Nello scorso mese di febbraio, il CIO ha elogiato i preparativi del SOCOG ma ha sottolineato come la buona riuscita e l'efficacia degli accordi di trasporto dipendano da quante persone si riescano a convincere a dar retta alla raccomandazione di servirsi del trasporto pubblico. Con una popolazione residente di oltre quattro milioni di persone, grosso modo 900.000 delle quali sono utenti giornalieri del trasporto pubblico, e centinaia di migliaia di ulteriori visitatori di altri stati o internazionali attesi per ciascuno dei 20 giorni cruciali del periodo dei Giochi (13 settembre-2 ottobre), non sorprende che tali questioni siano di altissima priorità.

Ma che dire del trasporto merci?

Per molti osservatori, si tratta dell'argomento dimenticato nella pianificazione delle Olimpiadi di Sydney, tanto che una combinazione di autocompiacimento e panico permea il settore trasportistico, dalle linee di navigazione containerizzate internazionali ai locali corrieri postali. I Giochi sono stati "sovrapposti" alla più grande ed animata città dell'Australia e portano con sé strati di attività assai concentrata e diffusa che - dal punto di vista del settore del trasporto merci - contiene in sé una minaccia di notevoli inconvenienti e disordine.

Alcuni affermano che i potenziali problemi del prossimo mese di settembre hanno avuto inizio nel 1999, che è stato una specie di annus horribilis in particolare per Port Botany. Varie componenti della locale catena trasportistica sono rimaste scioccate dall'insorgere di difficoltà assortite, talvolta da sole e spesso con effetto domino. Nell'agosto 1999, l'entrata in vigore di nuovi accordi imprenditoriali presso la P&OP (P&O Ports) ha comportato effetti negativi per la produttività del White Bay di Sydney e dello CTAL di Port Botany, gestito dalla P&OP, ingenerando un certo caos nell'interfaccia ferro-stradale nonché conseguenti significativi ritardi per le navi; tutto questo è continuato fino alla fine dell'anno.

A sua volta, lo stivatore rivale Patricks ha avuto la propria parte di problemi inerenti alla produttività, con il risultato generale che le banchine prima ed i terminals fuori molo poi sono stati afflitti da intasamenti.

Per ironia della sorte, anche la deregolamentazione del settore ferroviario australiano ha contribuito a tale situazione, dal momento che una profusione di operatori ferroviari privati ha richiesto l'accesso ai terminals di Botany lungo l'unica linea di smistamento sempre più affollata. Ciò alla fine ha costretto il governo ad intervenire al fine di istituire una disciplina degli orari e di pervenire ad una più approfondita revisione dell'operatività del terminal.

Successivamente, a dicembre, i conflitti in materia di lavoro che hanno oppresso il settore dei rimorchiatori hanno ulteriormente afflitto le movimentazioni delle navi, andando a complicare una situazione già tesa. Invece di riempire i vuoti, le linee di navigazione - nello sforzo di rispettare i programmi di viaggio - sono salpate, di modo che le pile di contenitori sono cresciute nei terminals e nei depositi di tutta Sydney. Infatti, a febbraio alcune linee di navigazione riferivano che la "corsa di Natale" era ancora in atto. Persino dopo che almeno sei navi avevano effettuato visite ad hoc non caricando altro che vuoti, la situazione a detta di tutti stava migliorando solo lentamente.

Tutto ciò ha coinciso con - ovvero è stato da attribuire in gran parte a - uno dei più grandi boom di importazioni che l'Australia abbia mai visto. Nei primi sei mesi dell'annata finanziaria, i traffici containerizzati di Sydney hanno raggiunto all'incirca i 520.000 TEU, con un aumento del 18-19% rispetto all'anno scorso. Con volumi così elevati e previsioni di una stagione eccezionale per le derrate in esportazione, i più pessimisti degli osservatori ritengono che non vi sarà alcun sollievo almeno fino a maggio, momento in cui saranno già cominciati ad arrivare gli attesi 10-15.000 TEU in più di carichi specificamente dovuti alle Olimpiadi. "Botany è paralizzato da ottobre" ha detto uno di loro. "Da qui a settembre sarà un caos".

Nelle questioni meramente pratiche in ordine al continuare o meno a servirsi a fini trasportistici di Port Jackson (Sydney), la SPC (Sydney Ports Corporation) ed il SOCOG sono riuscite a raggiungere degli accordi, dato che la baia di Sydney è stata designata ad ospitare molti eventi olimpici. Inoltre, gli ormeggi della SPC sono stati adattati per accogliere fino a 20 navi da crociera che stazioneranno nel porto per tutta la durata dei giochi. Nella baia di Sydney saranno vietate le movimentazioni marittime dalle 18.00 alle 10.30 nel periodo 16-30 settembre (nonché dal 20 al 27 di ottobre, allorquando si svolgeranno le Para-Olimpiadi); Port Botany, peraltro, sarà aperto 24 ore al giorno come al solito.

Tuttavia, solo due ormeggi della baia di Darling resteranno aperti al traffico commerciale nel corso di quel periodo, mentre a White Bay ed a Glebe Island non sarà disponibile un ormeggio per ciascuno. Ciononostante, Greg Martin, primo dirigente della SPC, fa notare come nel corrispondente periodo di 17 giorni dello scorso anno gli ormeggi coinvolti fossero stati scalati solamente 14 volte: "Dato questo livello di utilizzazione, la SPC si aspetta che la domanda di infrastrutture di ormeggio possa essere adeguatamente soddisfatta nel corso del periodo dei Giochi" ha dichiarato. Pertanto, le infrastrutture containerizzate di White Bay della P&O Ports e metà del suo terminal per autoveicoli di Glebe Island, nonché parti delle aree in concessione a Darling Harbour della Patrick, saranno ancora disponibili. Ai mezzi pesanti adibiti al trasporto merci sarà consentito l'accesso a Hickson Road nella baia di Darling tra le 11.00 e le 15.00 di ogni giorno, mentre l'accesso a Glebe Island e a White Bay non subirà limitazioni; ci si aspetta che i camion utilizzino l'arteria occidentale cittadina per le movimentazioni alla volta dei sobborghi meridionali e sud-occidentali.

L'impresa di stivaggio Patrick confida che lo scombussolamento possa essere minimo. Gli attuali clienti di Darling Harbour, nel caso non possano essere accolti presso i due ormeggi disponibili, verranno dirottati al terminal della società a Port Botany, laddove - secondo il direttore dei terminals contenitori nazionali Maurice James - "l'attività preseguirà come di consueto". James si aspetta che la combinazione tra la ripresa della produttività ed un sistema satellitare che consente l'impilaggio casuale nel terminal possa consentire a Botany di assorbire i volumi in più.

Al fine di non avere sorprese, la WW (Wallenius Wilhelmsen), cliente della Patrick a Darling Harbour, ha messo in piedi delle "procedure olimpiche". "In effetti, abbiamo dirottato la nostra squadra per l'emergenza informatica del nuovo millennio alla programmazione delle operazioni in occasione dei Giochi olimpici" afferma il direttore David Looker. "Stiamo esaminando tutti gli aspetti dell'attività, nel far fronte alle nostre esigenze ed a quelle dei nostri clienti".

Stando così le cose, la WW sarà in grado di continuare ad utilizzare i due ormeggi della Darling Harbour per le proprie operazioni conro e PCTC e ha scoperto che per i clienti sarebbe più comoda la sistemazione precedente che uno spostamento, ad esempio, a Port Kembla.

Ma la maggior parte delle preoccupazioni non si concentrano certo sulle movimentazione marittime o sulla disponibilità degli ormeggi. In un primo momento, si prospettava un'ordinanza tassativa che avrebbe potuto suonare più o meno così: a nessun treno merci sarà consentito di attraversare qualsiasi linea destinata al servizio passeggeri: con tutta probabilità, anche le poche linee a servizio di Sydney dedicate al traffico merci sarebbero state destinate al traffico passeggeri. Successivamente, lo scenario è cambiato ma né la National Rail, né la FreightCorp dello stato del New South Wales sono stati in grado di affermare con certezza quali servizi avrebbero potuto essere disponibili per il trasporto merci ferroviario. La ORTA (Autorità Olimpica per le Strade ed il Traffico), sorta con l'incarico principale di organizzare le funzioni del trasporto passeggeri, è intenta a portare a termine quel compito, mentre le merci rappresentano un obiettivo del tutto secondario.

E' stato detto in diverse occasioni che le movimentazioni merci ferroviarie potrebbero essere consentite al massimo per sei ore al giorno (ed al minimo per due ore al giorno), ed inoltre possibilmente solo su convogli inter-stato o intra-stato e non via servizi per il centro di Sydney (ad esempio, le navette portuali). Secondo alcuni, il quadro ferroviario non sarà chiaro sino a quando non saranno state definite le offerte relative ai biglietti, verso marzo (data dopo la quale il SOCOG sarà in grado di determinare la probabile domanda suddivisa per zone) ovvero dopo il completamento nel nuovo collegamento ferroviario città-aeroporto, successivamente al quale verrà introdotto un nuovo orario passeggeri valido per tutta Sydney. E questo non è da attendersi prima di aprile.

Alcuni sono convinti che il settore stesso non stia prendendo abbastanza seriamente la cosa. Llew Russell, primo dirigente della segreteria dei vettori di conferenza Liner Shipping Services, il quale peraltro ha parlato nella propria qualità di presidente della Camera di Commercio statale, ha dichiarato che l'ORTA ammette di non aver prestato sufficiente attenzione al trasporto merci, ma che il settore manca allo stesso modo di "senso dell'urgenza vera e propria". Russell afferma che il trasporto non può accettare il termine di fine aprile per le decisioni in materia ferroviaria: nel caso non si raggiungesse alcun risultato entro marzo, vi è il rischio di un danno duraturo."Il tempo per le scuse del tipo <non lo sappiamo ancora> sta per scadere" dice Russell. "Ci possono essere mille ragioni per non programmare, ma noi abbiamo bisogno di sederci attorno ad un tavolo e di costruire i possibili scenari. Io confido che si possa pervenire ad un piano che comporti meno scombussolamenti possibile".

Altri suggeriscono che alcuni organismi di derivazione statale siano riluttanti a parlare delle reali dimensioni delle difficoltà che il settore del trasporto merci si trova di fronte, data l'ampia pubblicità che è stata data a livello sia locale che internazionale ad un certo numero di infortuni organizzativi del SOCOG (e di conseguenza di Sydney). Alcuni considerano ciò come un ulteriore contributo al comprovato ostruzionismo dell'ORTA circa le questioni inerenti alla gestione del trasporto merci: "Lavoriamo con loro ad alto livello da 12 mesi ed ancora non disponiamo di sufficienti informazioni per poter pianificare" afferma un dirigente. Altri, peraltro, sono meno severi ed affermano che la priorità dell'ORTA è stata comprensibilmente quella delle movimentazioni passeggeri e che - una volta sistemata questa - la sua attenzione potrà essere rivolta alle merci. Il fatto che tale ultima questione possa essere presa in considerazione troppo tardi è un punto controverso.

Martin della SPC - che è idealmente nell'occhio del tifone - è assai pragmatico. "Alla fine della giornata la gente dirà sempre che qualsiasi cosa sia stata fatta non è abbastanza" afferma. "Ma vi sono diffusori di panico che trascurano le capacità di tutti coloro che per mestiere devono essere realistici. Il governo non ignora certo gli essenziali servizi di trasporto merci per ferrovia; non vi sono limitazioni alle operazioni marittime o stradali a Port Botany; la raddoppiata linea di smistamento per Botany sarà operativa dalla fine di marzo; se fosse assolutamente necessario, l'ORTA potrebbe assegnare le attuali tratte (stradali) per semirimorchi alla modalità B-Double. E' questione di vedere dove possiamo andare, quali sono le opzioni… potranno anche esserci dei costi in più, ma potranno mai superare il costo di imbarcare e sbarcare le merci altrove sobbarcandosi i relativi costi di trasporto terrestre?". La SPC dispone di una persona a tempo pieno e di una squadra di tre persone a supporto che lavorano con i terzi coinvolti al fine di appianare i problemi.

Ma se il diritto di critica è ancora ammesso, bisogna dire che appare chiaro che la carenza di guida in tali questioni ha esacerbato la situazione nel settore trasportistico. Un diffuso approccio fondato sul "laissez-faire" è stato soppiantato da una situazione in cui non si va per il sottile, dato che vari organismi, essendosi accorti della gravità dei potenziali problemi, stanno dandosi da fare per assumere il ruolo-guida nel fissare le regole.

Ultimamente, tuttavia, sembrano prevalere di sicuro le teste fredde. Tutta una serie di riunioni al vertice è stata organizzata a febbraio al fine di dare agli esponenti delle varie modalità di trasporto, del settore marittimo e del governo la possibilità di evidenziare gli impedimenti e le problematiche in atto. Se necessario, potrebbe essere effettuato uno sforzo di concerto al fine di far comprendere al governo statale, all'ORTA ed al SOCOG l'importanza della razionalizzazione del trasporto merci.

Martin è risoluto. "Dobbiamo riconoscere l'importanza delle Olimpiadi quale evento di portata mondiale e, chiaramente, l'attenzione è concentrata sulle persone" ha dichiarato. "Ma dobbiamo riuscire ad ottenere il migliore risultato possibile per le merci e - con un approccio professionale adeguato - ci riusciremo".
(da: Containerisation International, marzo 2000)

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Hong Kong
Commercial activity driven by dry boxes (+36%). Reefer units dropped by 28%.
Ports, new investments in Tuscany and Sardinia
Livorno/Cagliari
The 2027 budget estimates for the two Port Authorities have been approved. Highlights include the Piombino dock, works in Livorno, and dredging and electrification projects in Sardinian ports.
Finding qualified personnel in Italian ports is increasingly difficult.
Naples
An analysis by Randstad Research of 13 professional profiles also highlights a marked gender imbalance
COSCO Shipping Ports reports record third-quarter revenue
Hong Kong
In the July-September period, net profit was 102.5 million dollars (+3.4%)
Approval for the 2027 budget forecast and the 2027-2029 POT of the Southern Tyrrhenian and Ionian Sea Port Authority.
Gioia Tauro
The forecast document shows revenues of approximately 24 million euros and expenses of approximately 88 million
Ravenna native Bongiovanni confirmed as president of the Federagenti Youth Committee.
Rome
Renewal of the federation's board of directors
The 2027-2029 Three-Year Operational Plan for the Central Adriatic Port System has been approved.
Ancona
308 million euros of investments are planned, of which 218 million for the Marche region and 91 million for Abruzzo.
The 2027 budget forecast for the Western Liguria Port Authority has been approved.
Genoa
New surcharge on goods postponed to 2028
DP World opens a temperature-controlled warehouse near Bologna
Bologna
Surface area of 22 thousand square meters
Saipem wins two new offshore drilling contracts
Milan
The total value of the orders is approximately 121 million dollars.
Hanwha brings Philadelphia Naval Shipyard under Defense Division control
Arlington
The goal is to integrate the construction of commercial and military ships
The Ports of La Spezia and Carrara approve the 2027-2029 Three-Year Public Works Program and the 2027 Budget.
La Spezia
Pisano: PTLP concrete and consistent with currently available resources
Port concessions: Regional Administrative Court (TAR) blocks 2025 fee increase
Rome
The appeal of Assiterminal and sixteen port companies has been accepted.
Wärtsilä sees quarterly order increases, but not in the Marine segment
Helsinki
In the period July-September the company recorded a net profit of 125 million euros (-31%)
Montaresi appointed general secretary of the Eastern Ligurian Sea Port Authority for another four years.
La Spezia
Renewal of office on the proposal of President Pisano
Double ceremony for two Explora Journeys ships at the Fincantieri shipyard in Genoa
Genoa
Launch of "Explora V" and coin ceremony of "Explora VI"
Italian CMD passes under the control of the UAE group EDGE
Abu Dhabi/Rome
Cousins Mariano and Giorgio Negri retain a significant shareholding
The Northern Tyrrhenian Port Authority presents the new layout of the port of Piombino.
Livorno
Gariglio: A concrete step towards industrial reconversion and the future of Piombino.
FS Logistix has purchased six new CZ LOKO locomotives for freight and shunting services
Rome/Prague
This is the fourth order of this type for the Czech company in ten years.
Port of Bremerhaven: The cruise ship Mein Schiff 3 collided with two container ships.
Bremen
No injuries. The cruise was canceled.
Paolo Moretti has been appointed CEO of RINA Spa.
Genoa
Giosuè Vezzuto has assumed the role of CEO of RINA Services
HD Hyundai and Kiewit to establish joint venture at new shipyard in the US
Houston/Seoul
The construction of both military and commercial vessels is planned
Konecranes' quarterly port equipment orders decline as revenue increases
Helsinki
Kuehne+Nagel's third quarter was very positive
Schindellegi
Growth in economic and operating results in all business segments
Wildcat's race for US defense: exclusive agreement with historic Fraser shipyard
Superior
The Miami Beach fund's operation is part of the government's plan to relaunch the American shipbuilding industry.
Port of Ancona: First single ZES authorization issued
Ancona
A three million euro investment in yacht construction has been unblocked.
Access to the port of Ravenna is authorized for vessels with a maximum draft of 11.00 meters.
Ravenna
Benevolent: it is a fundamental step for the economic and strategic development of the airport
Port of Genoa extends food inspection authorization to PSA SECH terminal
Genoa
The provision of the Ministry of Health expands the categories of products that can be subjected to control
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
On Thursday, the Unione Interporti Riuniti will present the ELODIE project at the Chamber of Deputies.
Rome
The aim is to create a digital federation of interports
ABB reports record orders of $12 billion in the third quarter.
Zurich
Revenues and profits also increased, while the group announced a joint venture with Mitsubishi Electric
In the third quarter of 2026, containers in the port of Barcelona decreased by -9.2%
Barcelona
The decline was driven by a 19.9% reduction in transhipment traffic.
COSCO Shipping Ports terminals set new quarterly container throughput record
Hong Kong
In the period July-September also volumes handled by CMPort
In August, the ports of Western Liguria handled 5.2 million tons of goods (+1.6)
Genoa
In Genoa, an increase of +6.1% was recorded, while Savona-Vado Ligure suffered a decrease of -10.0%.
Raben Italy opens a new warehouse in Pomezia
Milan
The goal is to consolidate the positioning and territorial expansion in road transport
Port of La Spezia signs agreement to develop blue economy and security projects
La Spezia
It was signed by the AdSP and the Foundation of the National Centre of the Underwater Dimension
The Port of Long Beach celebrates new monthly container throughput record
Long Beach
New all-time high also in the July-September quarter
The tender for the partial demolition of the North Pier of the Port of Ancona has been launched.
Ancona
The intervention includes the regularization of the relevant seabeds
HMM invests over $1.6 billion for 12 new container ships
Busan
By 2029, the delivery of eight 13,000 TEU vessels, three 2,800 TEU vessels and one 1,700 TEU vessel
Paolo Pessina confirmed as president of Federagenti
Rome
Unanimous vote of the Federation assembly
Negotiations have begun to renew the single collective bargaining agreement for the shipping industry.
Rome
The parties have agreed on a busy schedule of meetings
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong grew by 15.1% in the third quarter
Hong Kong
In September the increase was +25.0%
Maritime training: Appeal to the Regional Administrative Court (TAR) against the Port Authority's fee hike
Rome
ANIFORMAR, CONFORMAR, and 15 training centers challenge the MIT-MEF decree: increases reach up to 149.3%.
The Spinelli Group has opened a new empty container depot in Novi Ligure.
Genoa
Investment worth 14 million euros
Rhenus integrates its logistics services into a single hub at the Padua Interporto.
Padua
The site will bring together road transport, air and sea freight, warehousing and specialized services
A truck driver dies at the Cagliari canal port.
Cagliari
He would have been crushed by a load of large pipes
Maritime labor, Confitarma is concerned about the uncertainty arising from the Revenue Agency's interpretative stance.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries plans to expand shipbuilding capacity
Tokyo
The company plans to invest 100 billion yen
Trasportounito: The government is crazy if it thinks the road haulage crisis can be solved on its own.
Rome
Application of the diesel cost adjustment clause urged
Emanuele Grimaldi is the new president of the Malta International Shipowners Association.
Valletta
She takes over from Marily Frangista, who has been leading the association since April 2022.
The fourth edition of Green Logitics Expo kicks off tomorrow morning in Padua.
Padua
It will see the participation of over 300 exhibitors and the holding of 30 conference events
In the third quarter of this year, cargo traffic in Turkish ports decreased by -1.1%.
Ankara
Volumes to and from Italy grew by +6.2%
Assiterminal, the flexibility of the PRPs should take into account the relevant market in which the ports operate
Genoa
Cetus Maritime plans to list on the Euronext Growth Oslo stock market
Hong Kong
Acquisition of 16 ships in preparation for listing on the stock exchange
On Saturday, a U.S. jet struck a bulk carrier in the Gulf of Oman.
Tampa
Centcom: The ship had attempted to enforce a naval blockade against Iran.
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Assologistica event to discuss the Mediterranean strategy for Italian competitiveness
Rome
It will be held next October 30th in Naples
On Thursday, the Unione Interporti Riuniti will present the ELODIE project at the Chamber of Deputies.
Rome
The aim is to create a digital federation of interports
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Cosco Shipping arm readies China IPO to capitalise on global shipbuilding wave
(South China Morning Post)
Rosatom expects cargo traffic along Northern Sea Route to rise 14% in 2026 - CEO
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Relazione del Presidente Mario Zanetti
Roma, 27 ottobre 2026
››› File
Ship hit near Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
A bullet started a fire which was later put out
OOCL reports 9.0% growth in vessel-borne volumes in the third quarter
Hong Kong
The increase in the value of maritime freight rates causes a +45.1% increase in revenues
HD Hyundai Marine Solutions to Acquire American Company Goltens Worldwide
Dubai/Seongnam
The company deals with the repair and maintenance of large marine engines and industrial machinery.
UNATRAS to the government: Immediately unblock measures to reduce diesel prices.
Rome
Road transport associations report delays and uncertainties in implementing the May 22 agreement and are calling for an urgent meeting.
Port of Taranto: Gugliotti renews his request to the government for funding for the port's wind farm.
Taranto
The project - he underlined - can neither be scaled down nor postponed.
Attack on a ship in the middle of the Persian Gulf
Southampton
The UKMTO reported that several projectiles caused casualties among the crew members.
Gioia Tauro: Addendum to the updated Port Plan approved
Gioia Tauro
The analysis will allow us to evaluate the Port Agency's employment and staffing needs.
Ships queuing, fuel wasted: how waiting at anchor can save you money.
Copenhagen
The Global Maritime Forum publishes Cargill's test results on 16 real-world voyages. Slowing down and arriving when the berth is free reduces fuel consumption and emissions.
ZIM raises full-year 2026 guidance
Haifa
Adjusted EBITDA and EBIT expected to be $2.7 billion/$3.0 billion and $1.4 billion/$1.7 billion
Gabriele Sangiorgi appointed acting secretary general of the Ravenna Port Authority.
Ravenna
Fabio Maletti's term has expired
Port of Genoa: Messina Terminal workers strike for one hour for a month
Genoa
The company reports that one of the union members did not show up at the last meeting as part of the cooling-off procedure provided for by the National Collective Labour Agreement.
Port of Taranto, agreement to participate in the development of the Valbasento Interporto in Ferrandina.
Matera/Taranto
A logistical-functional masterplan will be developed within 180 days
Attica, the deficit is reduced thanks mainly to capital gains and coverage
Kallithea
First half of the year with fewer crossings and slightly increasing revenues
Since the beginning of the year, passengers and goods on GNV ships have increased by +2% and +5%
Marrakech
Three-year strategic partnership with the Office National Marocain du Tourisme
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