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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXII - Number 8/2004 - AUGUST 2004

Trasporto marittimo

Il settore marittimo filippino: un mercato ingarbugliato

Pochi potrebbero invidiare i grossi operatori attualmente impegnati nel settore marittimo nazionale filippino, ma quello di maggiori dimensioni, la Aboitiz Transport System Corp (già William, Gothong and Aboitiz) resta abbastanza ottimista. Il traffico è caratterizzato da una forte concorrenza, dalla carenza di investimenti sia in navi che in infrastrutture, da costi elevati, da un difficile ambiente normativo e - almeno agli occhi dei caricatori - da uno scarso servizio e da insufficienti standard relativi alla sicurezza. Il gruppo Aboitiz sta provando ad affrontare queste problematiche e ritiene di aver fatto qualche passo avanti. Certamente, esso crede nell'investimento in capacità di cabotaggio marittimo.

Il vice presidente della società, Bob Gothong, dai suoi uffici di Cebu, afferma entusiasticamente: "Si prevede che i volumi dei carichi crescano dal 4,5 al 5 per cento tra quest'anno ed il 2005. I traffici in direzione nord sono stati particolarmente sostenuti quest'anno, con una crescita dei volumi grosso modo dell'8-9%, molto maggiore della crescita economica nazionale complessiva. Una linea di tendenza incoraggiante consiste nel fatto che stiamo assistendo alla conversione ai contenitori di un numero maggiore di carichi dal vecchio tipo tradizionale di movimentazione alla rinfusa. I caricatori si stanno accorgendo dei vantaggi in termini di movimentazione, sicurezza e costi. In particolare, sono stati convertiti i fertilizzanti e le materie prime correlate all'industria della birra".

Peraltro, sopravvivere nell'industria marittima nazionale non è stato facile per il gruppo Aboitiz. I suoi conti assoggettati a revisione relativi al 2003 non sono stati ancora pubblicati, ma i risultati del 2002 non sono stati certo da sbandierare. Sebbene le entrate nette siano cresciute di anno in anno del 4,7% fino a 126 milioni di dollari, i profitti operativi sono calati del 6,6% fino a 12,9 milioni di dollari e si è verificata una perdita netta complessiva di 7,4 milioni di dollari. Queste cifre si riferiscono sia alla divisione passeggeri che a quella merci della società, rappresentando rispettivamente il 55% ed il 45% delle entrate complessive.

Gothong ha sottolineato come la società sia stata afflitta da aumenti dei propri costi, premi assicurativi compresi, dal continuo deprezzamento del peso filippino nei confronti del dollaro USA e dalla tendenza piatta o verso il basso delle tariffe di nolo nazionali. La Aboitiz ha altresì dovuto far fronte ad un notevole esborso di capitali nel corso di questo periodo, dal momento che ha inaugurato due nuove navi, la Superferry 17 e la Superferry 18, acquistando altresì 1.000 containers da 10 piedi che sono assai utilizzati nei traffici nazionali.

Nel 2003, i volumi di merci trasportate hanno continuato a crescere, ma ancora una volta la società si è trovata ad affrontare alcuni difficili problemi. Continua Gothong: "Siamo stati colpiti dal fattore Iraq, che ha comportato un significativo aumento dei prezzi del carburante, sino a 30 dollari al barile. Il peso ha continuato a deprezzarsi nei confronti del dollaro. E, dopo l'11 settembre, i nostri premi assicurativi sono clamorosamente partiti verso l'alto. Tutto ciò ha eroso i nostri margini. A differenza dei traffici marittimi internazionali a lungo raggio, in cui i vettori marittimi da tantissimi anni ottengono i migliori guadagni, noi non siamo stati in grado di incrementare le nostre tariffe di nolo nazionali. Esse sono per lo più indirizzate dalla concorrenza e noi non siamo in grado di influenzarla".

Secondo i dati ufficiali forniti dall'Autorità Portuale delle Filippine, i traffici nazionali sono consistiti in 1,38 milioni di TEU nel 2003, rispetto ai traffici internazionali per 1,82 milioni di TEU. Come detto in precedenza, i volumi stanno crescendo in entrambi settori. Il gruppo Aboitiz controlla il 43% del mercato containerizzato nazionale, ma nessuna singola società dispone di una quota superiore al 20% dei volumi complessivi, che comprendono i traffici ro-ro ed alla rinfusa.

Esiste molta concorrenza e c'è una decina di operatori dominanti, tra cui la Aboitiz, la Sulpicio Lines, la Negros Navigation e la Lorenzo Shipping. Nel 2000, c'erano solo 27 portacontainers pure nella flotta nazionale filippina, rispetto alle 1.409 unità per carichi generali o carrette del mare ed alle 1.297 navi passeggeri/merci. Secondo Gothong, "ci sono molti piccoli armatori nazionali con una o due navi che hanno bassi costi e possono applicare tariffe a buon mercato. Essi in effetti ingenerano un certo ammontare di tonnellaggio in eccesso. Tra gli operatori ad orari fissi come noi, anche noi abbiamo dovuto affrontare un eccesso di tonnellaggio su certe rotte, ma si tratta di un evento del tutto ciclico e stagionale".

Sebbene la legge non consenta ai vettori marittimi stranieri di partecipare ai traffici di cabotaggio nazionali, c'è ancora concorrenza per i carichi con i vettori nazionali, specialmente in relazione alla lucrosa attività di trasporto refrigerato in direzione nord da Mindanao. Nota Gothond: "Il mercato delle esportazioni marittime a lungo raggio è un settore in crescita. I caricatori di banane, manghi e ananas del sud possono scegliere di movimentare i propri contenitori reefer alla volta di Manila e poi trasbordarli là sui servizi marittimi a lungo raggio. Tuttavia, alcuni vettori marittimi come la APL fanno scalo direttamente a Davao ed assicurano il servizio fino a Kaohsiung. Il caricatore ha due opzioni, ma le nostre tariffe fino a Manila sono competitive e ci sono abbastanza carichi da far girare".

Le ultime due navi della compagnia di navigazione, cioè la Superferry 17 e la Superferry 18, dispongono di 80 spazi-container refrigerati. Aggiunge il dirigente: "Per noi ci sarà sempre un mercato per farci movimentare traffici da e per l'importante porto di consumo e trasbordo di Manila, poiché coloro che fanno scalo diretto non sono in grado di assicurare la frequenza che possiamo assicurare noi. Essi scalano solo una volta alla settimana a Mindanao (Davao, Cagayan de Oro), mentre noi disponiamo di quattro o cinque opzioni settimanali per i caricatori".

Oltre alla capacità del gruppo Aboitiz di trasportare traffico refrigerato su base da porta a porta, Gothong ritiene che il gruppo si sia differenziato dalla concorrenza per mezzo dell'innovazione, mentre gli altri vettori si sono concentrati sul mero fatto di essere "operatori a basso costo".

Continua poi: "Oltre ai nostri esaurienti orari e frequenze, abbiamo investito in misura notevole in tecnologia informatica B2B. Riteniamo che i caricatori vogliano un servizio migliore e che questo sia il fattore più importante. I prezzi possono attestarsi più in basso sulla lista delle priorità. Imprese come la Del Monte, la Nestlè e la San Miguel (tutte con sede a Mindanao) apprezzano questa enfasi posta sull'informatica e noi assicuriamo un servizio proattivo di monitoraggio delle tracce che nessun altro realizza davvero".

Naturalmente, la Aboitiz ha dovuto subire un aumento dei costi come pressoché chiunque negli ultimi due anni, ma ha migliorato la propria utilizzazione delle navi e la propria produttività. Spiega Gothong: "I nostri supertraghetti lavorano 121 ore alla settimana. Si tratta di un fattore di utilizzazione al 70%, rispetto allo standard del nostro settore che è del 50%. La Sulpicio Lines, ad esempio, ha due navi simile alle nostre, ma noi effettuiamo tre corse settimanali da Manila a Cebu, poiché abbiamo un ciclo di lavorazione veloce in porto, mentre loro devono farne due".

Per il futuro, Gothong è incoraggiato dai progressi fatti dalla politica governativa. Nello scorso mese di marzo è stata approvata la normativa nazionale sul settore marittimo, che, a giudizio di Gothong, costituisce il primo passo verso "il livellamento del terreno di gioco nel settore marittimo" che era assai irregolare. Un importante oggetto del contendere fra i caricatori da diversi anni sono le apparentemente alte tariffe di nolo praticate nel mercato nazionale rispetto a quelle del mercato internazionale. Gothong conclude che questa difficilmente può essere un'argomentazione nell'attuale clima in cui le linee di navigazione a lungo raggio stanno "incassando" notevolmente.

Tuttavia, in conseguenza di tale impressione generale diffusa nel mercato, è stata esercitata una notevole pressione al fine di consentire ai vettori stranieri fare il proprio ingresso nei traffici nazionali per far abbassare il livello delle tariffe: opinione, questa, molte miope a giudizio di Gothong. Sembra che questa argomentazione al momento sia stata accantonata e che la politica governativa si sia rivolta verso altre questioni. Ad esempio, il settore aereo in precedenza aveva usufruito di sovvenzioni per il carburante, mentre quello marittimo no. Tale difformità adesso è stata eliminata. Sono stati introdotti incentivi fiscali per quelle linee di navigazione che hanno acquisito una flotta più moderna.

Gothong crede che ciò sia molto importante. Continua infatti: "Dobbiamo innalzare lo standard internazionale della nostra flotta e far sparire la brutta immagine che il mercato assicurativo ha di noi quale capitale mondiale dei disastri.

Il nostro prossimo passo dovrà essere quello di rimuovere i vantaggi di cui dispongono i vettori marittimi stranieri, come quello di non pagare imposte sul carburante. A parte questo, vi sono altri fattori positivi per il settore. Il codice ISPS ha fatto aumentare la nostra esigenza di migliorare la gestione dei nostri porti nazionali. Migliorare i provvedimenti relativi alla sicurezza ci hanno aiutato ad incrementare qualitativamente la nostra efficienza".

Sfortunatamente per le Filippine, il paese da molti anni ha una cattiva reputazione in ordine alle attività terroristiche ed alla inerente sicurezza. A partire dai famigerati eventi dell'11 settembre, queste preoccupazioni hanno afflitto il settore marittimo del paese poiché i trasporti sono stati esaminati al microscopio. La sicurezza è di speciale importanza nelle Filippine, dal momento che molte delle navi da carico sono anche traghetti passeggeri tra un'isola e l'altra. La reputazione del settore marittimo ha dovuto subire un duro colpo quando la nave Superferry 14 è stata distrutta da un'esplosione a bordo il 26 febbraio scorso mentre era in viaggio da Manila a Mindanao. Alla fine sono state accertati 119 tra morti e dispersi. Le operazioni della nave erano effettuate dal gruppo Aboitiz Transport System.

Gothong ha chiarito che l'indagine del Consiglio della Marina sull'incidente è ancora in corso. Non è in discussione il fatto che l'incidente sia stato causato da un'esplosione a bordo, ma è ancora incerto se la responsabilità sia da attribuire ad un gruppo terroristico. L'accertamento definitivo dei fatti è stato demandato al governo, che dovrà produrre un rapporto conclusivo. Il governo ha altresì promesso di intensificare le proprie misure inerenti alla sicurezza nazionale. D'ora in poi, le navi passeggeri saranno scortate da un servizio di sicurezza marittimo.

Il dirigente ha aggiunto che l'esplosione ha avuto un impatto immediato sulle operazioni della sua compagnia di navigazione e che la Aboitiz è stata svelta a reagire alle ovvie preoccupazioni.

Ha infatti spiegato: "In primo luogo, essa ha colpito la nostra capacità in via transitoria, sebbene a ciò si sia posto rimedio con l'avvento di nuove navi. L'area relativa alle nostre operazioni di trasporto merci è stata passata al setaccio allo scopo di renderla adeguata all'imminente codice ISPS. Abbiamo adottato nuove politiche concernenti la riduzione dei tempi per la ricezione della merce e per i tipi di carico che continueremo ad accettare. Teniamo sotto più stretto controllo il carico delle merci; ciò ha comportato piccoli ritardi sia per le merci che per i passeggeri, ma è necessario. La sicurezza è stata estesa mediante più rigorosi controlli sulla gente che impieghiamo. E continuiamo ad essere vigili, prendendo molto sul serio qualsiasi minaccia alla sicurezza dei nostri passeggeri e carichi.

Ma occorre ricordare che non è solo l'industria marittima filippina a rivedere e migliorare le proprie capacità inerenti alla sicurezza. Si tratta di un'attività in corso presso tutti i porti ed i vettori marittimi su scala globale".
(da: Containerisation International, giugno 2004)




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Livorno: The Supreme Court of Cassation overturns the convictions in the Darsena Toscana docks affair.
Rome
The appeal ruling overturned the court's acquittal and convicted three defendants of ideological forgery.
The Port of Rijeka expects to close 2026 with a record container traffic of 800,000 TEUs.
River
With the new terminal on the island of Krk, traffic could rise to 1.7 million TEUs
Offshore wind energy funding: Pichetto reassures Taranto, but Taranto demands certainty.
Taranto
The 2026 funding for the Apulian port drops to €13.9 million. Gugliotti hopes for a formal confirmation of the remaining resources in 2027.
Port reform: The majority pushes ahead with Porti d'Italia SpA
Rome
The Chamber's Transport Committee rejects the opposition's suppressive amendments.
Gela's Porto Rifugio has received a favorable opinion for dredging the port's waters.
Palermo
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Assologistica event to discuss the Mediterranean strategy for Italian competitiveness
Rome
It will be held next October 30th in Naples
UNIPORT's public meeting will be held in Rome on October 6th.
Rome
Debate on port reform and other relevant aspects of the sector
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Cosco Shipping arm readies China IPO to capitalise on global shipbuilding wave
(South China Morning Post)
Rosatom expects cargo traffic along Northern Sea Route to rise 14% in 2026 - CEO
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
Greenbrier Europe to produce NIK transshipment system for TX Logistik
Troisdorf/Berlin
Allows rapid loading of non-craneable semi-trailers onto trains
Maersk opens its own logistics center in the heart of Germany
Herleshausen
Located in Herleshausen, it has a surface area of 71,800 square meters
South Korea's HJ Shipbuilding & Construction Co. wins orders for four new 10,100 TEU containerships
Busan
The contract has a total value of approximately 500 million dollars.
Democratic Party: The government's port reform paves the way for privatization of Italian ports.
Rome
Ghio and Misiani: it also takes resources and skills away from the territories
Port self-production: The Council of State denies the segmentability of the authorization pursuant to Article 16, paragraph 3.
Rome
Cartour's "partial" authorization in the port of Salerno has been suspended.
Port of Miami closes fiscal 2026 with record cruise traffic
Miami
The threshold of ten million passengers has been exceeded, compared to 8.56 million in the previous financial year.
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the new pure car and truck carrier Grande Egitto.
Naples
Its load capacity reaches 9,800 ceu
Port reform will be discussed in Genoa on October 2nd.
Genoa
Workshop organized by the AdSP and the Altero Matteoli association
Fratelli Cosulich strengthens its logistics network with the opening of Express Global Dubai
Dubai
Teresa Cosulich will be responsible for the new logistics office.
"A Sea of Switzerland" will be held in Lugano on October 9th
Lugano
Ninth edition of the International Forum on Transport and Infrastructure
New attack on a ship in the Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
A bullet caused minor injuries to two crew members
Brullo Group orders three 40,800-ton deadweight oil/chemical tanker vessels
Rome
Order to the Chinese shipyard Anhui Shipyard
A new megayacht production, maintenance, and storage hub opens in Trieste.
Trieste
Trieste Shipyards was founded by Seadock (Samer group) and Yachting Expertise and is owned by Friulia
Confitarma applauds the government's initiative to protect Italian ships in the Red Sea.
Rome
Zanetti: Maritime security is, in effect, a component of national economic security
Unions approve the platform for the single collective bargaining agreement for the shipping industry.
Rome
Filt, Fit and Uilt, is structured around three central elements such as salary, protection, participation and thirteen concrete requests
FHP Intermodal is increasing the frequency of its freight rail service between Fiorenzuola and Incoronata/Bari.
Milan
It goes up to five days a week
This year over 2,000 large yachts operated along the Italian coasts
Rome
Plus 10% for owned boats and a substantially stable trend for chartered ones
The event "Cyber-resilience in the maritime sector: defense, regulations, and European cooperation" will be held in Rome on Tuesday.
Rome
It is organized by Var Group and Confitarma
Smeup, with the acquisition of HTG, expands its portfolio in the logistics and transport sector
Erbusco
The Turin-based company specializes in the development of proprietary software
Saudi Arabian ports: Liquid bulk throughput to decline sharply in 2025
Riyadh
Total traffic fell to 298.3 million tonnes (-10.9%)
A delegation from the Lithuanian port of Klaipeda visited the port of Livorno
Livorno
In-depth comparison of their respective infrastructure development plans
New OOCL service between the Western Mediterranean and Canada
Hong Kong
Collaboration with Ocean Alliance companies and other carriers
The port's future is at the center of the event celebrating the 80th anniversary of Assosped Venezia and Asamar Veneto.
Venice
A conference on Friday will be the highlight of the festival
Increase in port workers at the ports of Monfalcone and Milazzo
Rome
Green light from the General Directorate for Ports, Logistics and Intermodality of the Ministry of the Interior.
Cargo traffic in Greek ports is sharply declining
Piraeus
Stagnation in passenger numbers
Mercitalia Shunting & Terminal has purchased eight Eurolight Dual bimodal locomotives
Rome
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong grew by 22.1% last month.
Hong Kong
Total for the first eight months of 2026 unchanged
AGV Expo, a new European trade fair dedicated to self-guided vehicles, will be held in Piacenza next month.
Genoa
The event will also host a rich program of conferences
Massive transnational fraud discovered in the road haulage sector
Chieti
Illegal employment of non-EU workers
Cargo traffic at the port of Singapore decreased by -4.9% in August
Singapore
In the first eight months of 2026, the port handled 30.7 million containers (+4.2%)
Cochin Shipyard and Drydocks World to jointly develop new international ship repair center in Cochin
Mumbai
An Iranian merchant ship was hit in the Strait of Hormuz
Tehran/Southampton
One sailor died and four other crew members were injured.
In July, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna grew by +6.7%
Ravenna
A sharp decline of -21.2% is expected for August
Giulio Stoppa is the new general secretary of Trasportounito
Rome
A choice of continuity that at the same time marks the beginning of a new phase
The launching ceremony of Viking Astrea took place at the Fincantieri shipyard in Ancona
Ancona/Los Angeles
Viking's Board has authorized a share buyback program of up to $1 billion.
Meyer Werft begins construction of the Carnival Tropicale cruise ship
Papenburg
With a gross tonnage of 180,000 tons, it will be able to accommodate over 6,000 passengers.
VTG sells its UK subsidiary VTG Rail UK to pension fund USS
Hamburg
The company operates in the railway freight wagon leasing sector.
The Genoa Coast Guard reaches its 100th Port State Control inspection of 2026.
Genoa
More than 250 deficiencies have been detected so far
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