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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVII - Number 12/99 - DECEMBER 1999

Logistics

Circle International: la quadratura del cerchio

Quando Dave Beatson assunse il ruolo di presidente e dirigente capo della società di spedizioni multinazionale Circle International a luglio del 1998 (divenendone poi col tempo anche presidente del consiglio di amministrazione), si trattò di una grossa sorpresa per il settore del trasporto merci.

Beatson per gran parte degli anni '90 è stato così strettamente identificato con la casa di spedizionieri globale rivale Emery Worldwide che era diventato difficile pensare all'uno senza correlarlo all'altra. Egli era arrivato alla Emery nel 1991 come vice presidente delle vendite e del marketing in un periodo in cui la società perdeva 1 milione di dollari al giorno. Al momento di lasciare la società, dopo quattro anni trascorsi come presidente e dirigente capo, la Emery aveva compiuto una inversione di rotta sensazionale, emergendo quale importante soggetto globale della logistica internazionale.

Nel suo ufficio di San Francisco, Beatson smentisce subito qualsiasi illazione finalizzata ad affermare che alla Circle egli stia tentando di riprodurre il proprio successo della Emery. Tuttavia, non vi è dubbio che molte delle sue innovazioni di successo presso la sua vecchia società siano state ripresentate nella nuova. Sin dall'inizio, egli ha dato una grossa spinta alle vendite, raddoppiando la forza-vendite statunitense della Circle e creando una struttura-chiave per la contabilità globale in cui ciascun membro del consiglio di amministrazione è personalmente responsabile di cinque importanti clienti globali. Lo stesso Beatson va regolarmente ad incontrare i clienti, per lo più con loro grande sorpresa. "Abbiamo un cliente il quale ha detto che negli anni nessuno della Circle è mai andato a trovarlo, fatta eccezione per il capo in persona" ha detto un intimidito dirigente della Circle.

Beatson sta altresì costituendo alla Circle i gruppi specialisti settoriali che rappresentano uno dei fiori all'occhiello della Emery. Parimenti, egli ha istituito dei gruppi di lavoro per la consulenza alla clientela, in cui i dirigenti anziani della Circle incontrano gruppi di clienti in varie parti del mondo al fine di ascoltare le loro esigenze. Infine, alla luce di quello che senz'altro costituisce un tributo personale alla sua esperienza di leader, un notevole numero di dirigenti di spicco della Emery è passato alla Circle.

La maggiore sfida che la Circle deve affrontare sotto molti aspetti è la stessa della Emery. Come gli altri principali spedizionieri multinazionali - Panalpina, Kühne & Nagel, MSAS - tutte e due le società si trovano in un momento di transizione da un ruolo spedizionieristico più tradizionale al ruolo di gestore logistico complessivo cui aspirano. "Stiamo abbandonando quella mentalità che si potrebbe descrivere con <tu ci chiami e noi veniamo a trasportare>" afferma lo stratega-chiave della Circle, cioè il vice presidente esecutivo Kim Wertheimer. "Il fattore fondamentale, adesso, è gestire i tempi del ciclo e ridurre le scorte".

Il problema per la Circle, così come per alcuni dei suoi rivali, tuttavia, è che per offrire un servizio convincente essa deve costituire una vera capacità multimodale e - in questo frangente - un punto debole può essere rappresentato dal trasporto merci marittimo. Ad esempio, malgrado le radici della Circle presso il Gruppo Harper nell'area portuale di San Francisco (dove c'è ancora la sua sede), il trasporto marittimo nel 1998 ha rappresentato solamente il 15% (cioè 112 milioni di dollari rispetto al totale di 738 milioni di dollari) dei suoi ricavi.

Se si guarda ai ricavi netti - vale a dire, i ricavi depurati dai costi di trasporto, che rappresenta un criterio di misurazione che la Circle preferisce dal momento che elimina le differenze tra i costi di trasporto nelle varie modalità - il trasporto marittimo rappresentava solamente il 13% del totale (40 milioni di dollari rispetto a 302 milioni di dollari). Né le percentuali sono cambiate di molto negli ultimi cinque anni. Nel 1994, il marittimo rappresentava il 16% dei ricavi ed il 15% dei ricavi netti. Il trasporto aereo, al contrario, nel 1998 rappresentava il 66% dei ricavi lordi ed il 39% di quelli netti, mentre nel 1994 le rispettive proporzioni erano del 68% e 46%.

Beatson ammette che il marittimo costituisce tuttora una piccola quota dell'attività complessiva e riconosce che nel 1998 esso in realtà ha perso terreno in termini percentuali rispetto al trasporto aereo. "Questo, però, è avvenuto perché il trasporto aereo è cresciuto più rapidamente e non perché la nostra attività di trasporto marittimo non si sia ampliata (i ricavi netti marittimi in realtà sono cresciuti del 7,6% rispetto all'11,3% di quelli dovuti all'attività aerea).

Egli è irremovibile circa il fatto che anche il trasporto marittimo sia destinato a crescere rapidamente in futuro. "Esso si espanderà perché i clienti vogliono fare una sola sosta" ha detto. "Quasi tutti i nostri clienti affermano che stanno cercando di affidare all'esterno la propria logistica. Alcuni hanno fornito una precisa descrizione delle cose che vogliono affidare a terzi, mentre altri affermano che al momento non hanno intenzione di affidare nulla all'esterno, ma che nei prossimi anni finiranno per affidare a terzi tutto quanto".

"I nostri clienti stanno anche cercando di fare affari con meno fornitori di trasporto. Alcuni hanno ancora 30-40 partners, ma quasi tutti quelli con cui ho parlato hanno l'obiettivo di ridurli a due o tre. Essi cercano gente dotata di muscoli globali; gente, cioè, che possa agire per loro conto in tutto il mondo. Il che, finirà per schiacciare i piccoli spedizionieri locali e creare opportunità per noi".

La logica di tutto questo, per il trasporto merci aereo, comporta che la Circle debba sviluppare muscoli globali, il che non è un compito agevole - si potrebbe pensare - in un mondo in cui molti caricatori da anni dialogano con i vettori marittimi senza intermediari. Pertanto, la Circle dove vede il proprio ruolo? Che cosa deve offrire ai caricatori oltre all'esperienza logistica globale?

Si potrebbe pensare che la risposta possa risiedere nel mercato LCL; in effetti, peraltro, Beatson ritiene che vi siano grandi opportunità con le spedizioni FCL, che sorprendentemente hanno costituito il 90% dei volumi di trasporto merci aereo della Circle. "Non tutti i clienti dispongono di volumi sufficienti a metterli in condizione di negoziare le tariffe con i vettori marittimi" afferma Beatson. "I clienti potrebbero anche avere grossi volumi in un settore, ma solamente piccoli volumi in un altro. Noi disponiamo di grossi volumi in tutti i settori, di modo che possiamo uscircene a contrattare buone tariffe di bordo. In tal modo, i clienti possono - ad esempio - negoziare in proprio le tariffe con i vettori alla volta dell'Asia, e servirsi però delle nostre tariffe alla volta dell'America Latina".

Uno dei principali clienti FCL, rivela Wertheimer, è la Goodyear. "lavoriamo con loro da 40 anni, ma tre anni fa siamo andati da loro e gli abbiamo detto: pensiamo di potervi fornire un servizio più ampio. Adesso, movimentiamo tutto il loro trasporto merci marittimo con relativi sdoganamenti ed abbiamo personale specificamente dedicato alla movimentazione dei loro materiali".

Malgrado ciò, l'effettuazione dell'attività FCL per conto della clientela a detta di Wertheimer garantisce scarni profitti agli spedizionieri rispetto a quelli derivanti da altri tipi di attività (tariffe di commissione dell'1,25% rispetto al 5% del trasporto aereo). Pertanto - in modo forse non sorprendente - anche il più recente acquisto della squadra del personale della Circle addetto al trasporto marittimo, Rosalie Ben-Joseph, sottolinea le opportunità del traffico LCL. La Ben-Joseph si è aggregata alla Circle a giugno del 1999 quale vice presidente dei servizi marittimi dopo una carriera ventennale nel settore marittimo in cui ha salito tutti i gradini fino a diventare vice presidente delle vendite regionali centro-occidentali della ACL Logistics, divisione della American President Lines.

Sebbene sia in primo luogo responsabile delle vendite nordamericane, la Ben-Joseph ha altresì un ruolo globale nello sviluppo dei servizi di trasporto marittimo unitamente a Peter Singleton, presidente e dirigente capo della Circle per l'Europa, l'Africa, il Medio-Oriente ed il Sub-Continente indiano, che è il coordinatore della società per il trasporto merci aereo globale. Tali collegamenti professionali sono un'altra delle innovazioni di Beatson, allo scopo di saldare insieme più strettamente le attività delle operazioni americane, europee ed asiatiche della Circle.

Una delle responsabilità specifiche della Ben-Joseph consiste nello sviluppo delle attività globali nvocc della Circle. In ragione della sua precedente attività, essa può far ricorso alla propria esperienza fatta presso la APL, dove la responsabilità della nvocc era uno dei suoi molti ruoli. "La nostra intenzione è quella di fare meno affidamento sul carico in collaborazione e di basarci in misura maggiore sui nostri contenitori, realizzando una rete OTI (intermediario di trasporto marittimo, cioè nvocc) che sarà a disposizione dei clienti su Internet" dichiara. "L'idea è quella di procurare a noi stessi un controllo migliore sia sul trasporto che sui costi". Tale programma ha già comportato l'aumento di boxes caricati dalla Circle dai 30 del gennaio 1999 ai 131 del giugno 1999. Per distinguere, Wertheimer stima che dei circa 200.000 TEU movimentati dalla Circle ogni anno, qualcosa come 10.000 TEU siano attualmente costituiti da attività nvocc, il che porterebbe lo nvocc ad essere quasi la metà dell'attività LCL della Circle.

A queste iniziative negli Stati Uniti si sta dando ulteriore impulso alla luce della deregolamentazione che è entrata in vigore lo scorso 1° maggio con l'OSRA (Legge del 1998 di riforma del trasporto marittimo). "Anteriormente alla deregolamentazione, non esistevano accordi segreti sulle tariffe. Ora i vettori potranno stipulare contratti riservati" spiega la Ben-Joseph. "Pertanto, i piccoli e medi caricatori non sanno più se dispongono delle tariffe migliori, tanto che spesso fanno meglio ad utilizzare i nostri servizi anche se le tariffe nvocc sono ancora di pubblico dominio".

Tali servizi, naturalmente, non sono allettanti solamente per i piccoli caricatori. Thomas Donahue III, direttore dei servizi marittimi di esportazione, cita l'esempio delle spedizioni di profumi della Proctor and Gamble alla volta delle Filippine. "In origine, essi usavano consolidare le spedizioni provenienti da vari venditori attorno alla zona di New York e spedire un container ogni tre settimane. Ora essi usano il nostro servizio, nel contesto del quale noi garantiamo che i fusti saranno sotto il nostro controllo e non saranno forati, di modo che adesso possiamo spedire su base LCL una volta alla settimana".

Sebbene la Ben-Joseph affermi che ciascuno degli oltre 300 punti della Circle diffusi in tutto il mondo sia in grado di offrire l'intera gamma di servizi marittimi, vi è la crescente tendenza nelle operazioni relative agli Stati Uniti a concentrare il trasporto merci in sei porte d'accesso principali: New York, Chicago, Atlanta, Miami, Houston e Los Angeles.

Tutte quante sono state istituite negli ultimi 18 mesi, secondo la Ben-Joseph, ed insieme ora movimentano qualcosa come il 70% del trasporto marittimo della Circle. L'infrastruttura di New York - in realtà localizzata ad Edison - ammette di caricare più di 100 containers al mese e di svuotarne circa 40-60. L'infrastruttura dovrebbe essere allargata sino a 50.000 piedi quadrati a dicembre.

La Circle sta inoltre sviluppando un sistema di tracking degli ordini di acquisizione per il trasporto marittimo. "Un mucchio di linee di navigazione affermano di offrire un simile servizio, ma in realtà non lo fanno" dice la Ben-Joseph. "L'idea è quella di mettere le informazioni relative al tracking a disposizione sulla rete e di collegarle con le informazioni sul tracking di altre modalità. Quello che stiamo cercando di fare è creare un prodotto marittimo allettante per i potenziali clienti di tutte le modalità".

Per quanto attiene ai vettori, la Circle - come i suoi clienti - sta cercando di ridurre il numero dei partners con cui lavora. I grandi spedizionieri tradizionalmente lavorano con 5-10 vettori marittimi di tutto il mondo. La Ben-Joseph non tiene a divulgare con quanti operatori la Circle lavora o qual è il numero di partners che si è prefissa, ma fa sapere che la Circle "sta valutando in maniera molto più seria il modo in cui i vettori lavorano. Normalmente al momento si decide in base alle tariffe, ma noi vogliamo essere più importanti per i vettori e sviluppare con loro salde forme di collaborazione. Siamo pronti, ad esempio, ad assisterli in settori quali la direttrice U.S.A.-Asia in cui i traffici al momento sono deboli".

In cambio, la Ben-Joseph ha fornito un certo numero di criteri che la sua società segue: "Consideriamo la bravura dei vettori in ordine alla protezione dei nostri spazi, alla sveltezza con cui ci procurano equipaggiamento speciale in caso di bisogno, alla flessibilità: in una parola, quanto è facile lavorare con loro". Tra le altre voci sulla lista dei desideri vi sono le reti informatiche (quanto sono affidabili i dati dei vettori e quanto è facile accedere alle informazioni).

Poi, ciò che forse è più importante: "Abbiamo bisogno di vettori pronti a lavorare con gli OTI. Deve trattarsi di una relazione a doppio senso. Normalmente i vettori sono interessati solamente a trattare con proprietari di carichi che gli procurino vantaggi. Noi vogliamo lavorare con vettori che rispettino gli OTI e non li trattino come cittadini di seconda classe" asserisce la Ben-Joseph.
(da: Containerisation International, novembre 1999)

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Stena Line to buy Latvian port operator Terrabalt
Gothenburg
It handles rolling stock, bulk cargo, and general cargo traffic in the port of Liepaja.
Meyer Turku begins construction of Royal Caribbean's fourth "Icon"-class cruise ship
Miami/Turku
It will be delivered in 2027
More than one in ten maritime shipments has shortages
Washington
This is what a report by the World Shipping Council has revealed, highlighting the safety risks
Last July, traffic in the port of Ravenna increased by +3.8%
Ravenna
In the first seven months of 2025, growth was +5.4%
In the first quarter of 2025, freight traffic in Belgian ports fell by -3.2%.
Brussels
Landings down 1.3% and embarkations down 5.4%
Product tanker High Fidelity rescues 38 migrants on a drifting dinghy
Rome
Intervention in the south of the island of Crete
GES and RINA sign agreement to develop a prototype of a new hydrogen battery
Rovereto/Genoa
PSA's second phase of container terminal at Mumbai Port inaugurated
Singapore
Annual traffic capacity will increase to 4.8 million TEUs
The conference "EU ETS - Perspectives and Opportunities for Decarbonization in the Maritime Sector" will be held in Palermo.
Rome
It will be held on September 18th and 19th
Fincantieri and PGZ sign an agreement to support the modernization of the Polish Navy
Trieste
The third LSS section for Chantiers de l'Atlantique was launched in Castellammare di Stabia.
In the US, funding for wind energy development projects in ports is being cut.
Washington
Resources worth $679 million will be reallocated for port infrastructure upgrades
From January 1st, Kombiverkehr will operate the PKV intermodal terminal in the port of Duisburg.
Frankfurt am Main
It has a traffic capacity of approximately 200 thousand intermodal units per year.
Wallenius Marine and ABB form Overseas joint venture
Stockholm
The aim is to accelerate the launch of the platform of the same name for improving fleet performance.
DHL eCommerce has acquired a minority stake in Saudi Arabia's AJEX Logistics Services.
Bonn/Riyadh
The Middle Eastern company has two thousand employees
The Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport has asked the Region to agree on the appointment of Bagalà as president of the Sardinian Port Authority.
Rome
He is currently the extraordinary commissioner of the same body
CMPort's port terminals handled record container traffic in the second quarter
Hong Kong
In the first six months of 2025 the total was 78.8 million TEUs (+4.3%)
Confitarma approves the decree on advanced training for tanker seafarers.
Rome
Applause to the General Command of the Port Authority Corps
Quarterly freight traffic in Moroccan ports increases
Tangier/Casablanca
In Tanger Med the growth was +17%
The board of directors of the Genoa-based Ente Bacini has been renewed.
Genoa
President Alessandro Arvigo and CEO Maurizio Anselmo
In the second quarter, sales of dry containers produced by CIMC fell by -33%.
Hong Kong
Reefer boats increase by 57%
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the Grande Shanghai
Naples
It will be used for the transport of vehicles between East Asia and Northern Europe
Chinese automaker FAW ships components to Europe by train
Changchun
Transit time reduced to 18 days compared to 45 days for maritime transport
The ART urges to verify that the investment plan and the related amortization period are consistent with the duration of the port concessions.
Turin
Opinions regarding the concession extensions requested by the Neapolitan companies So.Te.Co. and Co.Na.Te.Co.
The assets and fleet of the Spanish Armas Trasmediterránea will be sold to Baleària and DFDS
Las Palmas/Dénia/Copenhagen
Two agreements worth €215 million and €40 million respectively have been signed.
Italian State Railways (FS), investing €70 million to install the ERTMS system.
Rome
Work has been completed on 382 Trenitalia trains, while the retrofitting of 60 locomotives from Mercitalia Rail, an FS Logistix company, is underway.
MPC Container Ships' quarterly revenue returns to growth
The second quarter of 2025 was closed with a net profit of 78.1 million dollars (+20.5%)
Plans to build two container customs areas north and south of the Suez Canal
Cairo
Fourteen of the 48 abandoned shipwrecks in Catania port have been removed.
Catania
The activity will be replicated in the port of Augusta
The Regional Administrative Court (TAR) has confirmed the validity of the tender for the new Ravano Terminal in the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
DP World's port terminals handled record quarterly container traffic
Dubai
Revenues grew by 22.2% in the first half of 2025
In the quarter April-June the volume of rolling stock transported by Höegh Autoliners increased by +9.0%
Oslo
Sharp increase (+46.6%) of vehicles from Asia
South Korea's HD Korea Shipbuilding & Offshore Engineering acquires Vietnam's Doosan Enerbility
Seongnam
It manages an industrial area with its own port facility
Container traffic in the port of Algeciras grew by 6.6% in July
Algeciras
In the first seven months of 2025, a decrease of -2.9% was recorded
In July, the port of Valencia handled 488,000 containers (+6.7%)
Valencia
Increase driven by growth in empty containers
Salvini has appointed Annalisa Tardino as extraordinary commissioner of the Western Sicilian Sea Port Authority.
Rome/Palermo
The President of the Sicilian Region announces the appeal against the provision
The materials dredged in the ports of La Spezia and Carrara will be used for the construction of the new breakwater in Genoa.
Genoa/La Spezia
Agreement between the two Ligurian Port System Authorities
X-Press Feeders denounces authorities' failure to acknowledge responsibility in the X-Press Pearl accident
Singapore
According to the company, the Supreme Court ruling ignores international maritime law
Cargo traffic in Russian ports remained stable in July
St. Petersburg
In the first seven months of 2025, loads decreased by -4.6%
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong decreased by -6.5% in July
Hong Kong
A decline of -3.7% was recorded in the first seven months of 2025
In July, the Port of Singapore set a new all-time record for monthly container traffic with 3.9 million TEUs.
Singapore
In terms of weight, containerized cargo decreased by -3.6%
Compensation to be paid by the Civitavecchia Port Authority in the Fincosit case has been set at €1.5 million.
Civitavecchia
Latrofa: The ruling allows the release of set-aside sums that have frozen the budget for years.
Germany's HHLA posts record quarterly revenue
Hamburg
In the second quarter, the group's port terminals handled 3.2 million containers (+7.9%)
In the first half of 2025, CK Hutchison's port terminals handled 44 million containers (+4.0%)
Hong Kong
In the quarter April-June the Wallenius Wilhelmsen fleet transported 14.8 million cubic meters of rolling stock (-0.5%)
Lysaker
Revenues down by -0.7%
In the second quarter, Montenegro's ports handled 670 thousand tons of goods (+0.6%)
Podgorica
Volumes with Italy amounted to 154 thousand tons (+53.1%)
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Conference: "Waiting and Delays in Road Transport: Logistics in Check"
Genoa
Organized by Trasportounito, it will be held on September 26th in Genoa
The conference "EU ETS - Perspectives and Opportunities for Decarbonization in the Maritime Sector" will be held in Palermo.
Rome
It will be held on September 18th and 19th
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Korean Firms Reassess U.S. Investments After Mass Immigration Raid
(The Korea Bizwire)
Russia's infrastructure development plan aims to build 17 marine terminals by 2036
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
With the arrival of the first container ship, the testing of operational procedures at the Rijeka Gateway begins.
The Hague
The first commercial ship is expected on September 12th
A proposal to bring the port of Taranto back onto global container routes? Start a discussion table.
Taranto
Meeting on the status of freight traffic
Port of Ancona: Tender for demolition of fire-damaged Tubimar warehouses
Ancona
The expected duration of the works is four and a half months
Merger of the German MACS and Hugo Stinnes, both active in the MPP vessel segment
Hamburg/Rostock
Stinnes headquarters in Rostock to close by December 31
In the second quarter, freight traffic in Albanian ports grew by +2.9%
Tirana
There were 331 thousand passengers (+13.6%)
A.SPE.DO, operationalizing the Smart Terminal to increase the competitiveness of the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
ING loans to Premuda for over 100 million dollars
Milan
Funds for the management buyout and the purchase of two product tankers
Sallaum Lines has taken delivery of the first of six Ocean-class dual-fuel PCTCs
Rotterdam
The ship was completed four months ahead of schedule
First meeting of the new Management Committee of the Western Ligurian Sea Port Authority
Genoa
Several measures approved, including those for CULMV and CULP staff
Euroports to operate a new liquid bulk terminal in the French port of Port-La Nouvelle
Beveren-Kruibeke-Zwijndrecht
It is expected to become operational in 2026
In the second quarter, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna increased by +2.6%
Ravenna
Growth of 0.6% was recorded in June. An increase of 4.8% is expected in July.
OsserMare presents five reports on the marine economy
Rome
They focus on a specific sector supply chain or aspect of it
Port of Naples: Road haulage operations resume
Naples
Resolution meeting between institutions, operators and trade associations
ICTSI again reports record quarterly financial and operating results
Manila
Global Ship Lease Reports Record Quarterly Revenue
Athens
In the April-June period, net profit was 95.4 million dollars (+8.4%)
Vard receives new order from North Star for two hybrid SOVs
Trieste
Contract worth between 100 and 200 million euros
The Panama Shipping Registry will no longer accept the registration of oil tankers and bulk carriers over 15 years old.
Panama
Measure to counter the use of the shadow fleet
Danaos Corporation reports record quarterly revenue
Athens
The April-June period closed with a net profit of 130.9 million (-7.3%)
New customs fast corridor between the port of La Spezia and Interporto Padova
Padua
It adds to the other three already active on the same route
ICTSI to operate Indonesia's Batu Ampar Container Terminal
Manila
It is located on Batam Island
Pino Musolino has been appointed CEO of the Alilauro shipping company.
Naples
He replaces the resigning Eliseo Cuccaro
In the second quarter, DIS' time charter revenues fell by -37.1%.
Luxembourg
Net income was $19.6 million (-70.5%)
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