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14 September 2026 - Year XXX
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics

LA POLITIQUE PORTUAIRE FRANCAISE

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B. - Les choix d’investissement

1' Le financement des investissements

a) Les cr'dits budg'taires de l’Etat

Les chiffres sur lesquels les analyses qui suivent sont fond'es n’'taient pas disponibles dans les services de la DTMPL. En effet, la Cour a constat' que la direction ne conservait malheureusement pas les donn'es de l’ex'cution de ses budgets sur une longue p'riode, et qu’elle n’'tait pas non plus en mesure de fournir des indications coh'rentes et exhaustives sur les derniers exercices. Les s'ries ont donc d' 'tre enti'rement reconstitu'es ' partir des donn'es annuelles du compte g'n'ral de l’administration des finances et de la comptabilit' auxiliaire des d'penses (" CAD ") de l’Etat de 1982 ' 1996, ainsi que de l’application informatique de suivi des cr'dits et op'rations budg'taires (" SCOB ") pour 1997.

Evolution en fonctionnement et en investissement

Trois chapitres du budget de l’Etat sont consacr's aux 'quipements portuaires. Les graphiques n' 6 ' 8 d'crivent leurs 'volutions respectives.

Le chapitre 35-34 " ports maritimes - entretien et exploitation " correspond aux cr'dits de fonctionnement des services d'concentr's charg's de l’entretien des ports non autonomes. Ces cr'dits assurent en principe, outre le fonctionnement courant des services, le financement des op'rations de dragage, d’entretien des chenaux et des acc's des ports.

En r'alit', comme les dotations ne suffisent pas pour faire face aux besoins, les cr'dits du chapitre d’investissement 53-30 ont aussi 't' utilis's pour assurer les dragages dans les ports d’int'r't national. En effet, les dotations en loi de finances initiale du chapitre 35-34 ont diminu' de 21,6 % en francs courants de 1990 ' 1997, passant de 48 ' 37,6 MF. Les cr'dits disponibles ont cependant pu 'tre maintenus ' un niveau stable, soit environ 80 MF sur la p'riode, gr'ce ' la progression des fonds de concours, qui sont pass's de 30 ' 48,6 MF.

Le chapitre 44-34 " ports autonomes maritimes - participation aux d'penses " correspond aux travaux d’entretien des ports autonomes. La dotation du chapitre 44-34 a connu des r'ductions importantes jusqu’en 1994, date ' laquelle la direction des ports, avec l’appui de la direction du budget, a pu stabiliser cette dotation en mettant l’accent sur la s'curit' des acc's nautiques comme condition premi're de la fiabilit' et de la comp'titivit' des ports.

La dotation du chapitre 44-34 a ainsi d'cru, en loi de finances initiale, de 483 MF en 1988 ' 399 MF en 1994, pour 'tre ensuite maintenue en francs courants. Ici encore, l’insuffisance des cr'dits inscrits sur ce chapitre a conduit ' imputer des op'rations d’entretien des profondeurs sur le titre V, r'duisant ainsi la part du chapitre 53-30 affect'e aux travaux nouveaux, soit les grosses r'parations ou les op'rations d’extension de capacit' inscrites aux contrats de plan Etat-r'gion.

Graphique n' 6 : Chapitre 35-34 (en millions de francs courants)
Entretien et exploitation des ports maritimes non autonomes

graph6.gif (5434 octets)

Graphique n' 7 : Chapitre 44-34 (en millions de francs courants)
Entretien et exploitation des ports autonomes maritimes

graph7.gif (4506 octets)

Graphique n' 8 : Chapitre 53-30 (en millions de francs courants)
Investissements de l’Etat dans les ports maritimes

graph8.gif (6568 octets)

Graphique n' 9 : Total des cr'dits consacr's aux ports maritimes
(chapitres 35-34, 44-34 et 53-30, en millions de francs courants)

GRAPH9.gif (4396 octets)

Graphique n' 10 : Cr'dits initiaux consacr's aux ports maritimes autonomes et non autonomes
(en millions de francs courants)

graph10.gif (5221 octets)

Graphique n' 11: D'penses nettes consacr'es aux ports maritimes autonomes et non autonomes
(en millions de francs courants)

GRAPH11.gif (5373 octets)

Le chapitre 53-30 " ports maritimes et protection du littoral " dans ses articles 30 et 70 concerne les travaux d’investissement de l’ensemble des ports, autonomes ou non, relevant de l’Etat. En contrepartie de la stabilisation du chapitre 44-34, les cr'dits du chapitre 53-30 ont 't' r'duits en loi de finances initiale : ils sont pass's de 294 MF en 1990 ' 185 MF en 1996 et 160 MF en 1997. Les d'penses nettes consacr'es aux seuls ports maritimes, soit les articles 12, 30 et 70, hormis donc quelques articles relatifs ' la protection du littoral, ont connu une 'volution plus erratique, selon l’importance variable des fonds de concours : elles sont pass'es de 374 MF en 1990 ' 280 MF en 1994 et 350 MF en 1997.

Au total, les cr'dits initiaux de l’Etat consacr's aux ports maritimes ont r'gress' de 819 MF en 1990 ' 592 MF en 1997, soit une baisse de 27,8 % en francs courants, et les d'penses nettes de 928 MF ' 834 MF sur la m'me p'riode, soit une diminution de 10,2 % en francs courants (cf. graphiques n' 9 ' 11).

Le r'le de la r'gulation

Les r'ductions observ'es dans les lois de finances initiales ont 't' accrues par les gels de cr'dits en cours d’exercice, qui, d’apr's la direction des ports, avaient pour objet de couvrir la participation de l’Etat au financement des plans sociaux " dockers ", inscrite ' l’article 40 " allocation compensatrice pour les dockers professionnels " du chapitre 46-37 " gens de mer ". Pour le chapitre 44-34, ces annulations ont 't' d’importance limit'e.

La restriction des cr'dits budg'taires mais aussi le caract're ambitieux des programmes inscrits dans les contrats de plan Etat-r'gion 1994-1998 ont eu pour cons'quence que le taux d’ex'cution de ces contrats s’'levait ' 27 % fin 1996 et ' 35 % fin 1997. Pour les cr'dits d’Etat, le taux correspondant aux pr'c'dents contrats de plan (1989-1993) s’'levait en revanche ' 96 %.

La r'partition entre ports autonomes et ports non autonomes

En mati're d’entretien et d’exploitation, la part relative des d'penses nettes de l’Etat consacr'es aux ports d’int'r't national a cr' au cours des derni'res ann'es : elles repr'sentent 16 % des d'penses nettes de l’Etat en 1997 (soit 86 MF) contre 14 % en 1990 (75 MF) et 8 % en 1985 (44 MF).

En mati're d’investissements, l’'cart entre le montant des cr'dits d’Etat, exclusion faite des fonds de concours, consacr's aux ports d’int'r't national et celui des cr'dits consacr's aux ports autonomes est encore plus important. Au cours des ann'es quatre-vingt dix, la part des autorisations de programme affect'es aux ports d’int'r't national sur l’article 30 (ports m'tropolitains) du chapitre 53-30 s’est toujours situ'e entre 38 %, taux atteint en 1990 avec 96 MF, et 25 %, atteint en 1993 avec 36 MF. Elle s’'l've m'me ' 48 % des AP en 1996 (63 MF) et 50 % en 1997 (68 MF).

Les graphiques n' 12 et 13 d'crivent ces 'volutions.

b) L’importance des autres concours financiers

Concernant les ports d’int'r't national, le graphique n' 14 r'v'le le poids des fonds de concours dans les cr'dits transitant par le budget de l’Etat.

En mati're d’entretien et d’exploitation, les fonds de concours ont repr'sent' un montant cumul' de 300 MF pour la p'riode 1990-1997, soit 47 % des cr'dits disponibles du chapitre 35-34.

En mati're d’investissements, pour la p'riode 1990-1996, les fonds de concours ont repr'sent' entre 56 % en 1995, soit 39 MF, et 81 % en 1996, soit 277 MF, des AP affect'es de l’article 30 (ports m'tropolitains) du chapitre 53-30. Ces donn'es montrent le caract're d'terminant des participations financi'res des chambres de commerce et d’industrie concessionnaires, des collectivit's locales et des fonds europ'ens dans le financement des investissements des ports d’int'r't national.

Sur l’ensemble du chapitre 53-30, le montant cumul' des fonds europ'ens pour la p'riode 1990-1996 atteint 65 MF, soit 2,6 % des cr'dits disponibles. Le montant cumul' de l’ensemble des fonds de concours pour la p'riode 1990-1997 s’'l've ' 1 395 MF, soit 41,2 % des cr'dits disponibles.

Graphique n' 12
R'partition entre ports autonomes et non autonomes des d'penses nettes de l’Etat
consacr'es ' l’entretien et ' l’exploitation (en millions de francs courants)

GRAPH12.gif (4844 octets)

Graphique n' 13

R'partition entre ports autonomes et ports d’int'r't national des cr'dits d’investissement de l’Etat
(AP affect'es de l’article 30 du chapitre 53-30, en millions de francs courants)

GRAPH13.gif (4704 octets)

Graphique n' 14
R'partition entre cr'dits d’Etat et fonds de concours des investissements consacr's aux ports d’int'r't national
(AP affect'es de l’article 30 du chapitre 53-30, en millions de francs courants)

GRAPH14.gif (6023 octets)

Pour les ports autonomes, un m'me affaiblissement de la part relative des subventions de l’Etat peut 'tre observ'. Les donn'es synth'tis'es annuellement par le contr'leur d’Etat des ports maritimes autonomes (cf. tableau joint en annexe n' 5) montrent ainsi que les subventions de l’Etat aux ports maritimes autonomes (chapitres 44-34 et 53-30 ; donc non compris le chapitre 53-45 relatif au remboursement des d'penses des services annexes) sont pass'es de 541 MF en 1985 ' 593 MF en 1989, pour r'gresser jusqu’' 385 MF en 1997. Les seuls ports d’estuaire de Rouen et de Bordeaux recevaient 45 % du total.

En 1997, la part relative des subventions de l’Etat dans les investissements bruts des ports s’'levait ' 11 % en moyenne, dont 31 % ' Rouen. La part des autres subventions atteignait 27 %, dont 11 % en provenance des fonds europ'ens, 13 % des collectivit's locales (6,8 % des r'gions, 4,4 % des d'partements, 1,8 % des autres collectivit's locales) et 3 % d’autres cofinanceurs (SNCF, usagers, fonds de conversion, alia). A hauteur de 62 %, les investissements bruts 'taient donc financ's directement par les ports autonomes. Il faut n'anmoins relativiser ces derni'res donn'es compte tenu de la disparit' du traitement comptable des immobilisations selon les ports et de l’incertitude qui en d'coule sur le montant exact des investissements.

Dans un contexte de baisse des cr'dits et des d'penses de l’Etat affect's aux des ports maritimes, les raisons pour lesquelles l’Etat a orient' ses efforts en direction des ports non autonomes de fa'on nettement disproportionn'e par rapport ' leur poids dans le trafic national n’apparaissent pas clairement, sauf ' en conclure que la distinction entre les deux cat'gories de ports ne se justifie plus aujourd’hui.

 

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FROM THE HOME PAGE
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Norwegian Nor Cruises signs MoU with China's SWS for 2+3 new cruise ships
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Fincantieri and TKMS sign agreement to strengthen collaboration in the underwater segment.
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SBB CFF FFS Cargo returned to profit in the first half of the year
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White House denounces practice of "illegal" port transshipment to evade U.S. tariffs
Washington
IMO urges naval missions to counter rising piracy in the Gulf of Aden
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The very large crude carrier "Amzan" of the Saudi company Bahri was attacked in the Red Sea.
CMA CGM and Red Sea Gateway Terminal finalize agreement for Terminal 4 at Jeddah Port
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The planned investment amounts to approximately 434 million dollars
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Fincantieri and Viking convert options into orders for two new cruise ships
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CK Hutchison initiates international arbitration proceedings against the Republic of Panama
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AP Moller Capital to acquire majority stake in Globex Investissement
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SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
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The shares were acquired from the other 20 members
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Tampa
Attacks in the Gulf of Oman and near Kharg Island
Conditions met for the acquisition of AD Ports by Abu Dhabi's sovereign wealth fund
Abu Dhabi
Construction of the above-ground section of Genoa's new breakwater has begun.
Milan
Construction of the wave barrier is underway
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Balboa
Engineer Ilya Espino de Marotta's term will expire in 2033.
Blu Navy has acquired a stake in Banca dell'Elba
Portoferraio
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It involves the maritime transport of iron ore on behalf of the Brazilian company
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Oslo
The Rauma-based company designs and manufactures marine propulsion systems
New drug seizure in the port of Livorno
Livorno
53 kilograms of pure cocaine in a container from Peru
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Brussels
Landings and embarkations decreased by -2.0% and -6.4% respectively
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Genoa
The new concession agreement with Amico & Co Spa has been finalized.
Port of Ravenna: Extraordinary maintenance of the "truck-accessible" section of Via Baiona has been approved.
Ravenna
MacGregor will celebrate the 65th anniversary of its Italian branch in Genoa
Genoa
The company is based in the Naval Repair area of the port of Genoa
Anemoi wind propulsion system to be installed on a Maersk container ship
London
The aim is to increase the ship's energy efficiency and reduce its emissions.
The selection process for the new Secretary General of the Central-Northern Adriatic Sea Port Authority has begun.
Ravenna
Expressions of interest to be submitted by September 21st
MacGregor opens a new technical assistance center in Trieste
Stockholm
The main focus will be the European area, including the specialized megayacht sector.
Tanker hit by three shells in the Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
An accident also in the Indian Ocean
Floriana Gallucci is the new secretary general of the Ionian Sea Port Authority.
Taranto
The Management Committee of the institution has approved the appointment
Crew of ferry that sank in Northern Cyprus arrested
Nicosia
Eight people died in the accident. 17 other passengers are missing.
Singamas's profit halved in the first half of 2026
Hong Kong
The Chinese company is focusing on energy containers. During the period, sales of specialized containers exceeded those of standard boxes for the first time.
CIMC sells more containers, but profits plummet
Hong Kong
Half-year profit in this business segment fell by -81.2%
In the first half of this year, China
COSCO Shipping Ports reports record quarterly and half-year revenues
Hong Kong
Net income for the first six months of 2026 was $276.6 million (+23.2%)
In the first six months of 2026, CMPort's revenues grew by +13%
Hong Kong
Net profit up 7.4%
Meyer Werft revenues to grow by 107% in 2025
Papenburg
The financial year ended with a net loss of -383.8 million euros
Messina will launch the new West Med Line scheduled service in September
Genoa
It will bring together existing services for Algeria and Libya
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
The conference "EU-Mercosur Agreement: The Role of the Maritime Economy" will be held in Genoa on July 1st.
Genoa
It is organized by the Casa America ETS Foundation and the Western Liguria Port Authority
The Federagenti assembly will be held in Civitavecchia on July 3rd.
Rome
Pessina: We will not discuss regulations, community relations, or the pursuit of theories and bureaucracy, but rather the challenges of Italian port infrastructure.
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Rosatom expects cargo traffic along Northern Sea Route to rise 14% in 2026 - CEO
(Interfax)
HD Hyundai Heavy Industries Ends Joint Venture Plan for Block Factory with India's Cochin Shipyard
(Maeil Business Newspaper)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
The launch of the luxury cruise ship Oceania Sonata was celebrated in Marghera
Trieste
The unit is scheduled for delivery in 2027.
Tarros will include the port of Salerno in its Italy-Libya Express service.
La Spezia
The vessel "Vento di Zefiro" will be placed on the route
MPCC reports declining quarterly results as part of fleet renewal plan
Oslo
Kuehne+Nagel's honorary president has died.
Schindellegi
Klaus-Michael Kühne had joined the family business in 1958
In July, Spanish ports handled 47.7 million tonnes of goods (-1.8%)
Madrid
Containers amounted to 1,581,071 teu (-5.6%)
A shipment of 65 kilograms of cocaine was seized in the port of Livorno.
Livorno
It would have brought in around 20 million euros to the criminals
Join us at the Communion and Liberation Meeting in Rimini
Rome
Participation in the exhibition area of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport
Port of Ravenna: Executive project for redevelopment of the "Ex Carni" area begins
Ravenna
The aim is to give full functionality to a new logistics and industrial sector in the port area
Container traffic in the port of Algeciras decreased by 11.4% in July.
Algeciras
In the first seven months of 2026 the decline was -3.3%
Hupac will strengthen its intermodal service between Basel and Busto Arsizio.
Noise
An eighth weekly rotation will be introduced from September 7th
Sallaum creates a company for land logistics of cars in Europe
Vilnius
It will initially be equipped with 50 car transporters and the fleet will reach 300 vehicles by 2029
In the second quarter, freight traffic in the port of Taranto grew by +6.7%
Taranto
An increase of +104.9% was recorded in July
Viking Holdings Cruise Line Reports Record Quarterly Revenue
Los Angeles
Net profit of $587.7 million (+33.8%)
Container traffic at the Port of Los Angeles dropped 5.8% last month.
Los Angeles
In the first seven months of 2026, growth of +1.8% was recorded
Container traffic at the Port of Long Beach dropped 1.7% in July.
Long Beach
In the first seven months of this year, total traffic was 5,758,086 TEUs (+1.2%)
In the second quarter, RCL recorded an increase in revenues that was outweighed by the increase in operating costs
Bangkok
Net profit down 1.1%
Danish DFDS's quarterly financial performance improves
Copenhagen
In the April-June quarter, rolling stock transported by the fleet increased by 1.1%. Passengers decreased by 8.9%.
Container traffic at HHLA terminals decreased by -8.0% in the second quarter
Hamburg
Revenues increased by 2.5%. Operating costs increased by 5.7%.
The Livorno Port Authority creates an internal task force for the Darsena Europa project.
Livorno
The aim is to ensure a unified coordination with the commissioner structure that follows the project
Costa Cruises announces change of management for the Americas region.
Genoa
Jorge Serrano Martín de Vidales will replace Dario Rustico
MSC installs Jotun's proactive hull cleaning system on MSC Daniela
Sandefjord
Combines advanced antifouling technology with robotic inspection and cleaning
Wan Hai Lines reports a 965.6% increase in quarterly profit
Taipei
The company orders six new 11,000 TEU containerships
In the second quarter, cargo traffic in Montenegrin ports decreased by -5.8%
Podgorica
Cargoes to and from Italy dropped by -40.6%
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the Grande Pacifico
Naples
The vessel is the first of five new sister PCTCs with a capacity of 9,800 ceu
In 2025, the Fratelli Cosulich group's revenues amounted to 1.9 billion euros (-11.5%)
Genoa
Net profit of 20.0 million euros (-3.0%)
Maurizio Longo, Secretary General of Trasportounito, has passed away.
Rome
He passed away in Rome after a long illness.
Terminal Investment Limited abandons Tercat acquisition
Brussels
It provided for joint control of the Barcelona terminal with Hutchison Ports
Work has been completed to activate cold ironing at the Porto Corsini cruise terminal in Ravenna.
Ravenna
Acceleration of the redevelopment process for the former CIVAM area in the port of Vibo Valentia Marina
Vibo Valentia
The area will be transformed into new yards for commercial logistics
Maersk Group sells Maersk Training and Maersk H2S Safety Services
Copenhagen
They will be sold to the US Open Gate Capital, specialized in industrial carve-out operations
In the April-June quarter, the port of Venice handled 6.3 million tons of goods (-1.2%)
Venice
Cruise passengers down by -15.3%
In the second quarter, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna recorded a sharp increase of +10.9%
Ravenna
In the first six months of 2026 the increase was +5.9%
DP World acquires six GXO logistics sites in the UK
Dubai
186,000 square meters and 2,000 employees change hands: this is the transfer imposed by the British Antitrust for the acquisition of Wincanton
DHL soars in the second quarter, but not everywhere
Bonn
Revenue and EBIT in double digits. Express performed well, while Supply Chain and Post & Parcel Germany fared less well.
Global Ship Lease reports record quarterly and half-year revenues
Athens
Rising costs impact profits
DP World to build temperature-controlled logistics hub in the port of Antwerp
Dubai/Kallo
GNV will activate a third maritime service to Algeria on Saturday
Genoa
The Civitavecchia-Annaba line will complement the existing routes from Sète to Algiers and Bejaia.
Danaos Corporation reports quarterly revenue growth of 4.7%.
Athens
The containership segment remains stable. Bulk carriers continue to contribute.
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