ESPO
ANNUAL REPORT 2006-2007
5. The liquid bulk market
5.1 Crude oil production and seaborne liquid bulk trades
As mentioned in the first chapter of this Market Report, the seaborne liquid bulk trade amounted to 2.42 billion tons in 2005, of which 1.86 billion tons crude oil and 0.57 billion tons oil products. Table 34 provides an overview of the world crude oil production for selected years. As this table indicates, OPEC member countries accounted for about 43% of world crude oil production in 2005. This is roughly the same share as in 2000 but significantly up on the 37% market share in 1990. Among the non-OPEC member countries, the most important crude oil producers are the Former USSR (10.94 million barrels per day in 2005), the United States (5.12m barrels), China (3.62m barrels), Norway (2.55m barrels) and the United Kingdom (1.64m barrels). Between them, these five non-OPEC countries produced 23.87 million barrels per day in 2005 or exactly one third of worldwide crude oil production.
Table 34: World crude oil production for selected years (‘000 barrels per day)
| |
1980 |
1990 |
2000 |
2005 |
|
Algeria |
1,020 |
784 |
796 |
1,352 |
|
Indonesia |
1,576 |
1,299 |
1,273 |
1,059 |
|
Iran |
1,467 |
3,135 |
3,661 |
4,092 |
|
Iraq |
2,646 |
2,113 |
2,810 |
1,913 |
|
Kuwait |
1,664 |
859 |
1,996 |
2,573 |
|
Libya |
1,832 |
1,389 |
1,347 |
1,693 |
|
Nigeria |
2,058 |
1,727 |
2,054 |
2,366 |
|
Qatar |
471 |
406 |
648 |
766 |
|
Saudi Arabia |
9,901 |
6,413 |
8,095 |
9,353 |
|
UAE |
1,702 |
1,763 |
2,175 |
2,378 |
|
Venezuela |
2,165 |
2,135 |
2,891 |
3,128 |
|
Total OPEC |
26,502 |
22,021 |
27,745 |
30,673 |
|
World total |
59,696 |
59,116 |
65,880 |
71,763 |
|
OPEC share |
44.4% |
37.3% |
42.1% |
42.7% |
Source: OPEC (2006)
Whereas OPEC member countries accounted for 42.7% of worldwide crude oil production in 2005, their market share in crude oil exports was 50.9% (Table 35). Other major crude oil exporters in 2005 were located in Eastern Europe (more particularly Russia), Africa (in particular Nigeria, Libya and Algeria) and Latin America (in particular Venezuela and Mexico). The most important crude oil exporters in Western Europe are Norway and the United Kingdom.
Table 35: World crude oil production and exports for selected years (‘000 barrels per day)
|
Production |
2000 |
2005 |
Exports |
2000 |
2005 |
|
North America |
7,213 |
6,480 |
North America |
1,227 |
1,654 |
|
Latin America |
9,317 |
10,207 |
Latin America |
5,054 |
5,572 |
|
Eastern Europe |
7,625 |
11,098 |
Eastern Europe |
4,145 |
7,531 |
|
Western Europe |
6,288 |
4,904 |
Western Europe |
4,960 |
4,406 |
|
Middle East |
21,415 |
22,764 |
Middle East |
16,017 |
17,186 |
|
Africa |
6,771 |
8,857 |
Africa |
5,173 |
6,478 |
|
Asia-Pacific |
7,252 |
7,434 |
Asia-Pacific |
2,266 |
1,905 |
|
Total World |
65,880 |
71,763 |
Total World |
38,842 |
44,730 |
|
OPEC members |
27,745 |
30,673 |
OPEC members |
20,527 |
22,774 |
|
OPEC share |
42.1% |
42.7% |
OPEC share |
52.8% |
50.9% |
Source: OPEC (2006)
|
38 |
To be more precise, West Asia includes Bahrain, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates and Yemen. |
|
|
An overview of the main loading and unloading areas for crude oil in 2005 is given in Table 36. Not surprisingly, this table illustrates the dominance of Middle Eastern countries, which are included under the ‘West Asia’ heading38, as far as loading is concerned. Major unloading regions include North America, Europe, South and East Asia, and Japan.
Table 36: Loading and unloading areas for crude oil in 2005 (million tons)
|
Area |
Loaded |
Unloaded |
Area |
Loaded |
Unloaded |
|
North America |
22.2 |
537.70 |
Caribbean. Central and North America |
125.2 |
35.1 |
|
Europe |
63.5 |
438.40 |
South America North and East |
122.4 |
52.7 |
|
Japan |
0 |
215.00 |
South America West |
30.2 |
15.9 |
|
Australia/New-Zealand |
11.2 |
33.10 |
Subtotal developing countries in America |
277.8 |
103.7 |
|
South Africa |
0 |
15.30 |
West Asia |
934.5 |
9.9 |
|
Subtotal DMECs |
96.9 |
1,239.5 |
South and East Asia |
62.2 |
313.9 |
|
Central and Eastern Europe |
132.3 |
10.5 |
Subtotal developing countries in Asia |
996.7 |
323.8 |
|
Socialist countries of Asia |
22.2 |
115.3 |
Developing countries in Europe |
0 |
7 |
|
North Africa |
130.2 |
49.3 |
Developing countries in Oceania |
4.2 |
0 |
|
West Africa |
196.3 |
3.7 |
Subtotal developing countries |
1,605.2 |
488.2 |
|
East Africa |
0 |
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
Subtotal developing countries in Africa |
326.5 |
53.7 |
World total |
1,856.6 |
1,853.5 |
Source: UNCTAD (2006)
A similar picture is obtained from Table 37, which depicts the export-import matrix for seaborne crude oil in 2004, the most recent year for which this detailed information is available.
Table 37: Export-Import matrix for seaborne crude oil trade in 2004 (million tons)
|
From/to |
NW Eur. |
Medit. |
N.Amer. |
S.Amer. |
Japan |
Other Asia |
Others |
Total |
|
Middle East Gulf |
65.8 |
62.9 |
130.0 |
10.6 |
179.9 |
352.7 |
30.3 |
832.2 |
|
Near East |
0.1 |
11.0 |
1.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
12.2 |
|
North Africa |
14.5 |
67.9 |
21.8 |
4.0 |
0.3 |
5.0 |
1.0 |
114.5 |
|
West Africa |
5.2 |
21.2 |
91.7 |
9.0 |
7.6 |
67.4 |
3.7 |
205.8 |
|
Caribbean |
5.0 |
8.5 |
189.1 |
12.5 |
0.1 |
6.0 |
0.3 |
221.5 |
|
SE Asia |
0.0 |
0.0 |
5.3 |
0.0 |
10.2 |
25.3 |
15.4 |
56.2 |
|
North Sea |
2.3 |
8.2 |
46.4 |
0.6 |
0.1 |
4.1 |
0.2 |
61.9 |
|
Others |
88.1 |
67.2 |
40.3 |
14.3 |
2.2 |
32.0 |
5.7 |
249.8 |
|
Total |
181.0 |
246.9 |
525.7 |
51.0 |
200.4 |
492.5 |
56.6 |
1,754.1 |
Source: Institute of Shipping Economics and Logistics (2006)
Secondly, an overview of the main loading and unloading areas for oil products, which include products such as liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquefied petrol gas (LPG), naphta, gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, light oil and heavy oil, is given in Table 38. In contrast to the crude oil trade, a significant amount of oil products is loaded in developed market-economy countries. On the other hand, developing countries in Africa represent a relatively small market share. As far as unloading of oil products is concerned, developing market-economy countries have a market share of 50%.
Table 38: Loading and unloading areas for oil products in 2005 (million tons)
|
Area |
Loaded |
Unloaded |
Area |
Loaded |
Unloaded |
|
North America |
72.9 |
144.20 |
Caribbean. Central and North America |
43.4 |
37.8 |
|
Europe |
41.8 |
104.50 |
South America North and East |
73 |
8.6 |
|
Japan |
4.3 |
32.50 |
South America West |
2.2 |
5.9 |
|
Australia/New-Zealand |
2.8 |
6.80 |
Subtotal developing countries in America |
118.6 |
52.3 |
|
South Africa |
0 |
0.90 |
West Asia |
113.9 |
9.3 |
|
Subtotal DMECs |
121.8 |
288.9 |
South and East Asia |
109.9 |
155.5 |
|
Central and Eastern Europe |
44.9 |
3.2 |
Subtotal developing countries in Asia |
223.8 |
164.8 |
|
Socialist countries of Asia |
16.4 |
37.7 |
Developing Countries in Europe |
2.3 |
2.2 |
|
North Africa |
35.8 |
7.9 |
Developing Countries in Oceania |
0.1 |
6.2 |
|
West Africa |
1.6 |
4.2 |
Subtotal developing countries |
382.2 |
242.8 |
|
East Africa |
0 |
5.2 |
|
|
|
|
Subtotal developing countries in Africa |
37.4 |
17.3 |
World total |
565.3 |
572.6 |
Source: UNCTAD (2006)
5.2 Some key figures on the tanker fleet
Table 39 provides an overview of the tanker fleet for selected dates. At the first of July 2006 the total fleet reached 399.97m dwt, a 20.9% increase compared to the beginning of 2002. This is slightly lower than the 22.4% increase in the dwt capacity of the world merchant fleet over the period considered. As a result, the share of tanker vessel capacity in the world fleet marginally decreased from 41.4% at the beginning of 2002 to 40.9% at mid-2006.
Table 39: Overview of the tanker fleet for selected dates
| |
01-01-2002 |
|
01/07/2006 |
|
Growth |
| |
(‘000 dwt) |
% |
(‘000 dwt) |
% |
|
|
Oil tankers |
303,234 |
91,7% |
364,025 |
91.0% |
20.0% |
|
Chemical tankers |
8,489 |
2.6% |
10,344 |
2.6% |
21.9% |
|
Liquid gas tankers |
18,994 |
5.7% |
25,599 |
6.4% |
34.8% |
|
Total liquid bulk fleet |
330,717 |
100% |
399,968 |
100% |
20.9% |
|
World merchant fleet |
799,763 |
978,522 |
22,4% |
|
|
Source: Institute of Shipping Economics and Logistics (2006 )
As Table 39 indicates, more than 90% of the dwt capacity of the tanker fleet concerns oil tankers. They registered a 20% increase of their dwt capacity between the beginning of 2002 and mid-2006. A similar percentage increase applies to the chemical tanker fleet. Liquid gas tankers (LNG and LPG), on the other hand, registered a near 35% increase of their dwt capacity over the period considered, resulting in an increasing market share.
Table 40 provides an overview of the tanker fleet divided by dwt range for 01/01/2006. As far as oil tankers are concerned, vessels above 100,000 dwt represent hardly 15% of the total number of ships, but they provide some 65% of the total dwt capacity (the biggest oil tankers afloat measure some 441,000 dwt). On the other hand, all but one chemical tankers are below 50,000 dwt and all liquid gas tankers are in the 0-100,000 dwt range.
Table 40: Breakdown of the tanker fleet by dwt range (as at 01/01/2006)
| |
Oil tankers |
Chemical tankers |
Liquid gas tankers |
|
Dwt range |
ships |
‘000 dwt |
% dwt |
ships |
‘000 dwt |
% dwt |
ships |
‘000 dwt |
% dwt |
|
0-9.999 |
4163 |
13.324 |
3.8% |
1065 |
2.831 |
28.5% |
740 |
2.330 |
9.6% |
|
10,000-9,999 |
544 |
8,205 |
2.3% |
136 |
2,098 |
21.1% |
72 |
1,066 |
4.4% |
|
20,000-49,999 |
1323 |
50,897 |
14.4% |
152 |
4,911 |
49.4% |
148 |
5,603 |
23.1% |
|
50,000-69,999 |
239 |
14,960 |
4.2% |
0 |
0 |
0.0% |
104 |
6,213 |
25.6% |
|
70,000-99,999 |
404 |
35,314 |
0.0% |
0 |
0 |
0.0% |
120 |
9,016 |
37.2% |
|
100,000-149,999 |
530 |
62,041 |
17.5% |
1 |
103 |
1.0% |
0 |
0 |
0.0% |
|
150,000-199,999 |
179 |
28,353 |
8.0% |
0 |
0 |
0.0% |
0 |
0 |
0.0% |
|
200,000-299,999 |
289 |
80,784 |
22.9% |
0 |
0 |
0.0% |
0 |
0 |
0.0% |
|
300,000-399,999 |
187 |
57,487 |
16.3% |
0 |
0 |
0.0% |
0 |
0 |
0.0% |
|
400,000+ |
5 |
2,172 |
0.6% |
0 |
0 |
0.0% |
0 |
0 |
0.0% |
|
Total liquid bulk fleet |
7863 |
353,537 |
100% |
1354 |
9.943 |
100% |
1184 |
24.228 |
100% |
Source: Institute of Shipping Economics and Logistics (2006)
Finally, Table 41 provides an overview of the total tanker fleet (controlled and registered) by region. As this table indicates, a significant share of the tanker fleet is controlled by European owners. This is especially the case for oil/chemical tankers and product tankers. On the other hand, due to the overwhelming importance of registers like Panama and Liberia in tanker shipping, the regional tonnage distribution shows a stronger concentration on Latin and South America, Asia and Oceania, and Africa when looking at fleet registry.
Table 41: World tanker fleet (controlled and registered) by region as at 01/01/2006 (percentages based on dwt)
| |
|
Crude oil
tankers |
Products
tankers |
Oil/chemical
tankers |
Chemical
tankers |
Liquid gas
tankers |
|
Controlled
fleet |
Europe |
40.7% |
46.8% |
62.0% |
34.4% |
30.9% |
|
N.America |
9.9% |
7.5% |
8.1% |
11.0% |
4.2% |
|
Lat./S.America |
1.4% |
5.9% |
1.0% |
2.8% |
1.0% |
|
Asia/Oceania |
43.8% |
34.1% |
22.8% |
43.1% |
54.2% |
|
Africa |
0.4% |
0.3% |
0.8% |
2.1% |
5.5% |
|
Unknown |
3.7% |
5.4% |
5.4% |
6.6% |
4.3% |
| |
Total |
100% |
100% |
100% |
100% |
100% |
|
Registered
fleet |
Europe |
22.2% |
25.0% |
39.4% |
21.7% |
27.3% |
|
N.America |
1.6% |
2.3% |
1.3% |
2.6% |
0.0% |
|
Lat./S.America |
27.6% |
22.6% |
19.6% |
31.5% |
31.6% |
|
Asia/Oceania |
34.1% |
36.9% |
25.3% |
26.2% |
29.5% |
|
Africa |
14.4% |
13.1% |
14.4% |
18.1% |
11.5% |
| |
Total |
100% |
100% |
100% |
100% |
100% |
Source: Institute of Shipping Economics and Logistics (2006)
5.3 European shipping companies active in the liquid bulk market
Table 42 provides a (non-exhaustive) overview of the main European shipping companies active in the liquid bulk market. As this table indicates, most of these companies are located in Scandinavia, Germany and Greece. Moreover, quite a number of them are also active in the dry bulk (DB) market.
Table 42: Main European shipping companies active in the liquid bulk market
|
Country |
Shipping Company |
DB |
Country |
Shipping Company |
DB |
|
Denmark |
Torm |
|
France |
Fouquet Sacop |
|
|
Denmark |
Norden |
X |
France |
Green Tankers |
|
|
Denmark |
Lauritzen |
X |
France |
Broström SAS |
|
|
Denmark |
Maersk Tankers |
|
Germany |
Schulte group |
X |
|
Sweden |
Fredriksen group |
X |
Germany |
E. Oldendorff |
X |
|
Sweden |
Broström |
|
Germany |
Ernst Jacob |
|
|
Sweden |
Stena Bulk-Concordia |
|
Germany |
Ahrenkiel group |
|
|
Norway |
Viken |
|
Germany |
Chemikalien |
|
|
Norway |
Eitzen Group |
X |
Germany |
Gaschem |
|
|
Norway |
KG Jebsen |
X |
Germany |
Essberger-Broere |
|
|
Norway |
Stolt Nielsen |
|
Germany |
Sloman Neptun |
|
|
Norway |
Odfjell |
|
Germany |
Poseidon Schiffahrt |
X |
|
Norway |
Jo Tankers |
|
Germany |
ASP Shipmgt |
X |
|
Norway |
Knutsen |
|
Greece |
GenMar |
|
|
Norway |
Höegh |
|
Greece |
Thenamaris |
|
|
UK |
Zodiac Maritime |
X |
Greece |
Angelicoussis |
X |
|
Italy |
Premuda |
|
Greece |
Dynacom |
|
|
Italy |
D’Amico Nav. |
X |
Greece |
Tsakos |
|
|
Italy |
Bottiglieri |
X |
Greece |
Polembros |
X |
|
Italy |
Fratelli d’Amato |
X |
Greece |
Gulf Marine |
|
|
Italy |
Nav. Montanari |
|
Greece |
Eastern Med. Mar. |
|
|
Belgium |
Euronav |
|
Greece |
Minerva Marine |
|
|
Spain |
Elcano |
X |
Greece |
Centrofin Mgt. |
|
|
France |
Socatra |
|
Greece |
Hellespont |
|
|
France |
Petromarine |
|
Greece |
Aeolos |
|
|
France |
Navale française |
|
Greece |
Eletson |
|
Source: Isemar (2007)
5.4 Liquid bulk cargo handled in European seaports
Table 43 provides an overview of liquid bulk traffic handled in a selection of European seaports. The table was drawn from a large Eurostat database containing about 330 ports, handling a total throughput of 1.58 billion tons of liquid bulk traffic in 2005. However, for the present Report we have limited ourselves to those seaports which handled at least 500,000 tons of liquid bulk traffic. This resulted in a total ports sample of nearly 180 individual ports spread across 24 different countries. Their combined liquid bulk throughput amounted to 1.55 billion tons in 2005, effectively representing 98% of the total liquid bulk throughput of the 330 ports in the Eurostat database.
|
39 |
In 2006 more than 28 million tons of crude oil was transported through the Rotterdam-Antwerp Pipe Line (RAPL). |
|
40 |
In Tables 43 and 53 of this Market Report, "Bergen Ports" (Norway) includes Bergen, Mongstad, Sture, Ågotnes, Eikefet, Askøy and Modalen. Similarly, "Haugesund Ports" comprises Haugesund, Tysvær, Karmøy/Kårstø, Skudeneshavn and Kopervik. Next, "Porsgrunn Ports" includes Porsgrunn, Rafnes, Herøya, Brevik, Skien, Langesund and Voldsfjorden, while "Stavanger Ports" comprises Stavanger, Sola/Risavik, Forus, Dusavik and Mekjarvik. Finally, "Drammen Ports" includes Drammen, Solumstrand, Tørkopp, Lier, Hurum, Tofte and Svelvik. |
|
|
As can be seen from Table 43, the lion’s share of this volume was handled in ports in the United Kingdom, Italy, the Netherlands, France and Spain. Between them, these five countries accounted for 1.03 billion tons of liquid bulk traffic in 2005. On an individual port basis, by far the biggest liquid bulk port in Europe is Rotterdam, handling nearly 170 million tons in 2005. This represents more than 10% of the combined liquid bulk throughput of the 330 ports in the Eurostat database. One of the main reasons for Rotterdam’s strong market position is its extremely favourable nautical accessibility for VLCC and ULCC vessels, coupled with its good connections with the major petrochemical clusters in Rotterdam and Antwerp39. Other major liquid bulk ports, handling more than 25 million tons per year, include Bergen Ports40 in Norway, Marseilles and Le Havre (France), Wilhelmshaven (Germany), Tees & Hartlepool, Milford Haven, Forth and Southampton (UK), Antwerp (Belgium), and Trieste and Augusta (Italy). Apart from these ports, 31 other ports handled between 10 and 25 million tons of liquid bulk cargo in 2005. At the other end of the spectrum, no less than 85 ports handled less than 1 million ton of liquid bulk cargo.
Table 43: Overview of liquid bulk traffic handled in European seaports (2005)
|
Port |
tons |
Port |
tons |
|
Antwerp |
36,840,786 |
Larnaca (Larnaka) Oil Terminal |
1,277,913 |
|
Zeebrugge |
4,163,457 |
Vassilico (Vassiliko) |
527,630 |
|
Ghent |
3,339,664 |
Other Cypriotic ports |
963,082 |
|
Other Belgian ports |
69,735 |
Cyprus |
2,768,625 |
|
Belgium |
44,413,642 |
Ventspils |
17,660,259 |
|
Burgas |
8,912,930 |
Riga |
3,516,307 |
|
Varna |
788,839 |
Liepaja |
663,2 6 |
|
Bulgaria |
9,701,769 |
Latvia |
21,839,782 |
|
Fredericia (Og Shell-Havnen) |
15,188,845 |
Klaipeda |
7,214,523 |
|
Statoil-Havnen |
7,780,532 |
Butinge |
6,126,919 |
|
Københavns Havn |
3,137,249 |
Lithuania |
13,341,442 |
|
Århus |
1,731,271 |
Malta (Valetta) |
1,090,550 |
|
Aalborg |
1,086,053 |
Marsaxlokk |
665,123 |
|
Esbjerg |
552,226 |
Malta |
1,755,673 |
|
Other Danish Ports |
926,044 |
Rotterdam |
167,869,712 |
|
Denmark |
30,402,220 |
Amsterdam |
18,846,79 |
|
Wilhelmshaven |
43,644,543 |
Terneuzen |
6,583,085 |
|
Hamburg |
13,067,544 |
Vlissingen |
3,779,905 |
|
Brunsbüttel |
5,476,317 |
Moerdijk |
2,093,788 |
|
Rostock |
2,646,475 |
Vlaardingen |
1,618,214 |
|
Bützfleth |
2,317,451 |
Other Dutch ports |
1,089,720 |
|
Bremen, Blumenthal |
1,643,619 |
Netherlands |
201,881,215 |
|
Emden |
861,106 |
Gdansk |
11,731,621 |
|
Nordenham |
685,536 |
Gdynia |
1,046,743 |
|
Other German ports |
1,260,393 |
Szczecin |
627,657 |
|
Germany |
71,602,984 |
Other Polish ports |
503,297 |
|
Tallinn |
24,413,634 |
Poland |
13,909,318 |
|
Miiduranna |
2,025,245 |
Sines |
18,552,681 |
|
Vene-Balti |
1,021,845 |
Leixões |
7,713,006 |
|
Other Estonian ports |
122,444 |
Setúbal |
1,716,537 |
|
Estonia |
27,583,168 |
Lisboa |
1,608,907 |
|
Cork |
6,546,401 |
Aveiro |
536,486 |
|
Dublin |
4,037,405 |
Other Portuguese ports |
704,927 |
|
Limerick |
1,835,645 |
Portugal |
30,832,544 |
|
Bantry Bay |
825,458 |
Constanta |
13,824,543 |
|
Other Irish ports |
535,095 |
Midia |
1,314,963 |
|
Ireland |
13,780,004 |
Other Romanian ports |
182,591 |
|
Agii Theodori |
12,989,894 |
Romania |
15,322,097 |
|
Megara |
8,545,088 |
Koper |
2,039,003 |
|
Thessaloniki |
8,147,900 |
Slovenia |
2,039,003 |
|
Eleusina |
8,137,036 |
Sköldvik |
17,349,524 |
|
Perama |
841,001 |
Naantali |
4,053,655 |
|
Heraklio |
671,206 |
Hamina |
1,703,243 |
|
Rhodes |
658,466 |
Oulu |
1,091,239 |
|
Other Greek ports |
2,048,436 |
Kotka |
1,075,660 |
|
Greece |
42,039,027 |
Kokkola |
939,185 |
|
Algeciras |
21,447,343 |
Pori |
664,298 |
|
Cartagena |
20,847,760 |
Kemi |
526,055 |
|
Bilbao |
19,717,492 |
Other Finnish ports |
2,465,252 |
|
Tarragona |
17,904,143 |
Finland |
29,868,111 |
|
Huelva |
12,936,171 |
Göteborg |
19,673,855 |
|
Barcelona |
12,202,205 |
Brofjorden Preemraff |
19,221,261 |
|
Santa Cruz de Tenerife |
9,558,027 |
Stenungsund (Ports) |
3,362,723 |
|
Castellón |
8,949,177 |
Malmö |
2,943,541 |
|
La Coruña |
8,533,773 |
Nynäshamn (ports) |
2,302,813 |
|
Las Palmas |
4,798,070 |
Karlshamn |
2,285,702 |
|
Palma Mallorca |
2,067,814 |
Norrköping |
1,351,987 |
|
Gijón |
1,418,468 |
Gävle |
1,320,899 |
|
Valencia |
1,380,287 |
Oxelösund (ports) |
1,251,887 |
|
Molina de Segura |
1,322,436 |
Stockholm |
1,051,850 |
|
Ferrol |
822,346 |
Bergs Oljehamn |
1,025,949 |
|
Avilés |
740,096 |
Helsingborg |
740,990 |
|
Ceuta |
611,011 |
Sundsvall |
561,170 |
|
Other Spanish ports |
1,489,563 |
Skellefteå |
541,849 |
|
Spain |
146,746,182 |
Västerås |
526,032 |
|
Marseille |
65,688,272 |
Other Swedish ports |
2,325,563 |
|
Le Havre |
46,824,700 |
Sweden |
60,488,071 |
|
Nantes Saint-Nazaire |
23,637,552 |
Tees & Hartlepool |
36,894,324 |
|
Dunkerque |
14,849,408 |
Milford Haven |
36,384,369 |
|
Rouen |
10,748,084 |
Forth |
29,100,329 |
|
Bordeaux |
5,361,370 |
Southampton |
28,170,916 |
|
La Rochelle |
2,690,687 |
Immingham |
24,291,746 |
|
Bayonne |
1,699,189 |
Sullom Voe |
20,492,480 |
|
Sète |
1,585,398 |
London |
20,170,666 |
|
Fort-de France (Martinique) |
1,432,000 |
Kirkwall |
14,372,940 |
|
Port-la-Nouvelle |
1,421,839 |
Liverpool |
13,148,158 |
|
Lorient |
1,221,466 |
River Hull & Humber |
8,637,580 |
|
Brest |
1,121,865 |
Manchester |
5,453,570 |
|
Guadeloupe (Guadeloupe) |
764,304 |
Clydeport |
3,498,541 |
|
Port Réunion (ex Pointe-des-Galets) |
759,608 |
Cromarty Firth |
3,115,021 |
|
Other French ports |
251,111 |
Belfast |
3,106,938 |
|
France |
180,056,853 |
Medway |
2,694,050 |
|
Trieste |
35,818,499 |
Bristol |
2,664,831 |
|
Augusta |
31,994,840 |
Hull |
2,438,029 |
|
Santa Panagia |
23,254,246 |
Aberdeen |
1,995,581 |
|
Porto Foxi |
22,727,718 |
Plymouth |
1,314,783 |
|
Genova |
18,287,138 |
Cardiff |
1,263,941 |
|
Milazzo |
17,480,902 |
Dundee |
662,685 |
|
Venezia |
13,520,081 |
Peterhead |
501,369 |
|
Livorno |
8,901,205 |
Other UK ports |
2,386,175 |
|
Gela |
7,941,833 |
United Kingdom |
262,759,022 |
|
Taranto |
7,662,316 |
Omišalj |
7,120,774 |
|
Savona-Vado |
7,646,096 |
Bakar |
2,086,893 |
|
Fiumicino |
6,541,600 |
Split |
520,510 |
|
Napoli |
5,833,409 |
Other Croatian ports |
720,534 |
|
Ravenna |
5,303,003 |
Croatia |
10,448,711 |
|
Falconara Marittima |
4,893,761 |
Bergen Ports |
68,981,252 |
|
La Spezia |
3,575,701 |
Tønsberg/Slagentangen/Valløy |
9,637,77 |
|
Brindisi |
2,814,240 |
Haugesund Ports |
9,295,468 |
|
Porto Torres |
2,738,915 |
Porsgrunn Ports |
2,856,500 |
|
Civitavecchia |
2,441,594 |
Oslo |
1,927,885 |
|
Gaeta |
1,944,235 |
Kristiansund N/Grip |
1,781,600 |
|
Palermo |
1,234,998 |
Bremanger |
1,156,233 |
|
Lipari |
1,231,125 |
Fredrikstad/Sarpsborg |
894,089 |
|
Portovesme |
1,089,976 |
Stavanger Ports |
843,870 |
|
Vibo Valentia |
905,728 |
Trondheim/Flakk |
583,334 |
|
Ortona |
838,963 |
Other Norwegian ports |
5,603,160 |
|
Cagliari |
603,237 |
Norway |
103,561,162 |
|
Catania |
523,051 |
|
|
|
Other Italian ports |
3,931,391 |
|
|
|
Italy |
241,679,801 |
Total all ports |
1,578,820,426 |
Source: Eurostat
Overview of main developments in the European liquid bulk market during 2006
Development of the liquid bulk fleet in 2006
- According to Clarkson Research Services Ltd, the world tanker fleet (vessels above 10,000 dwt) comprised 4278 vessels at the end of 2006, for a combined capacity of 363.9 million dwt. This represents an increase of some 6% compared to the end of 2005. At the end of 2006 worldwide tanker orderbooks counted no less than 1662 vessels (of which 511 to be delivered in 2007) for a combined capacity of 141.16 million dwt. This is a massive 39% of the tanker fleet capacity at the end of 2006. Finally, 74 tankers above 10,000 dwt were sent to the scrapyards in 2006, for a combined 2.96 million dwt capacity.
- At the end of 2006, the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fleet fleet counted 1034 vessels for 15.30 million cubic metres (11.89 million dwt), a 5.8% increase compared to the end of 2005 (14.66 million cubic metres). At the end of 2006 the LPG orderbook comprised 189 vessels for a combined capacity of 6.90 million cubic metres. This represents some 45% of the fleet capacity at that time.
- At the end of 2006, the liquefied natural gas (LNG) fleet fleet counted 222 vessels for 27.02 million cubic metres (15.03 million dwt), a 16.6% increase compared to the end of 2005 (23.17 million cubic metres). At the end of 2006 the LNG orderbook comprised 138 vessels for a combined capacity of 23.14 million cubic metres. This represents a staggering 86% of the fleet capacity at that time.
Port/terminal development in Europe (non-exhaustive)
- In many European seaports private companies are nowadays investing heavily in an increase of their tank storage capacity. The port of Antwerp is a prime example, with investment projects by such companies as Oiltanking Stolthaven, Vopak, ADPO and LBC. The investments concern both the expansion of existing facilities and the construction of new terminals on both banks of the River Scheldt.
- Similarly, European seaports have also recently witnessed a proliferation of plans and projects for the construction of LNG terminals. Examples include the El Ferrol LNG Terminal in Mugardos (Galicia) and the Sagas Terminal in Sagunto (both with a 300,000 m³ storage capacity), the expansion of the Isle of Grain LNG Terminal in the Medway estuary (comprising an additional 3 x 190,000 m³ storage tanks), a new terminal in Milfordhaven developed by Dragon LNG as well as the South Hook LNG Terminal in the same port, plans for an offshore LNG reception terminal at Teesside (‘GasPort’), the offshore regasification Terminal GNL Adriatico in Rovigo, an LNG terminal at Brindisi and plans for an LNG terminal in the port of Gdansk. Moreover, expansion of the Fluxys LNG terminal in Zeebrugge is in the pipeline, as well as new projects for LNG facilities in the port of Rotterdam.
Other significant developments (non-exhaustive)
- In September 2006 Maersk Tankers announced plans to expand its fleet by 14% per year up till 2009 in order to become one of the top-three tanker operators in the world. Its total fleet has grown by close to 9% per year over the last five years. The expansion will include its business both within VLCC crude carriers, product tankers, gas carriers and LNG carriers.
- In December 2006 A.P. Møller-Mærsk A/S and Teekay Shipping Corporation announced an agreement to form Swift Tankers, a pool of Intermediate Product Tankers. The management company, named Swift Tankers Ltd, will provide safe and flexible solutions to customers by offering a large, homogenous fleet of double hull, ice-class Product Tankers of 10,000 to 20,000 dwt. The initial combined fleet comprises more than 20 vessels.
Source: Journal de la Marine Marchande (22/12/2006) and various trade press articles
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